OSMARTDA INGGRIS

CHAPTER 1 : Offers And Suggestions

Let’s start off with the first thing we’re gonna learn about, so first:
● Suggest
● Suggestions
● Social Function

Suggest, suggest means to give a suggestion that is to introduce or propose an idea

or a plan for someone’s consideration.
Suggestions, suggestions are abstract and can be in the form of solutions, advice,
plan and an idea, of course suggestions can be accepted or refused by the receiver.
Social Function, social function is to facilitate communication between different
people.

You might be asking what expression to use when making a suggestion, so this is the
expression we often use,
● Let’s ….
● We could ….
● Why don’t we ….?
● I suggest that ….
● I think ….
● I don’t think ….
● How about ….?

For example when using these kinds of expression we can make a suggestion such
as,
● Why don’t we go to the movies?
● I think that it is not a good idea for us to be involved.
● How about doing this instead?

Why don’t we take a look at the structure when we suggest something,

Subject Verb That Object
For example we Suggest or That He study for the
can use : I and We Recommend next biology test.
I Propose That A report should be
sent in.
We Advise That We go home.
I Think That We will be ready
for tomorrow.

When there’s a suggestion, there will also be an answer towards that suggestion.
When making a suggestion the receiver can either accept or decline that suggestion,
for an example,
Suggestions Accepting Declining
I think you should take out Ok, I will. Sorry, but I think that can
the trash before sleeping. be done tomorrow.
Why don’t we go see a Yes, let’s go. It is a good I’m sorry but I am busy as
 movie? idea of now.

After talking about the subject of suggestion, let’s talk about the subject of offering
something.
● Offer
● What an offer can be
● Social Function

Offer, offer means to give something physical or abstract to someone, which can be
taken as a gift or a trade
What an offer can be, an offer can be given in terms of money, food, solutions or a
bargain, just like a suggestion it can be accepted or refused
Social Function, social function is to facilitate communication between different
people.

The expression we can use when offering as such is,

● May I …?
● Would you …?
● Shall I …?
● Can I …?

Examples of an offer can be many kind of things, as such these are the types of
examples of an offer,
● Can I help you?
● Shall I bring you some food?
● May I give you a hand?
● How about I help you with this?
● Would you like another piece of cake?

Just like suggestions there is a structure to offering something,

Modal Verb Subject Object
Shall We Take you there?
Could I Offer you something?
Will You Have another serving?

Of course there will be an answer toward that offer and it can be accepted or refused,
Offers Accepting Declining
Can I help you? Yes, please. I appreciate It’s fine, I can do this on
the help. my own
Shall I bring you some Thank you, that is very No thank you, I’m fine
food? kind of you
Can I walk you back Of course, I appreciate That’s alright, I will
home? your help manage on my own.

When making an offer or a suggestion there’s a structure to making the offer or

suggestion and with every suggestion or an offer there will always be a receiver that
will either accept or decline the offer, maybe because it is not to their liking or maybe
because they are not in a good position.

Now after we learned about offers and suggestions we’re gonna be learning about
opinions and thoughts.
CHAPTER 2 : Opinions And Thoughts
An opinion is the way you feel or think about something. It can be about something,
or how someone is based on your perspective. Whenever we give or express our
opinion, it is important to give some type of reasoning or an example to support our
opinion, if someone has a different opinion than ours.

An example of an opinion is as such,

● I like the movie Godzilla because the fight scene in it is better than most movies.
● I like playing the game tag because it is fun

For example this is our opinion but someone maybe will have a different opinion than
ours such as,
● I don’t agree with you. I think Godzilla’s CGI is underwhelming
● I don’t like playing tag because people end up fighting over it.

There is something called collocations to express opinions, for example strong

argument, strong criticism, strong denial, or a strong resistance. A collocation is a
predictable combination of words.

Now we’re gonna look at the sentence structure to express our opinions
Subject Verb Object
I Agree With what you are saying.
We Asume You are biased on this
issue.
I Reckon This could be right
considering your
reasonings.
I Think You are mistaken.
We Believe This is not the way it
should be.

There’s also expressions, so that our opinions can be expressed in the ways given
below,
● Personal Point Of View
● General Point Of View

Personal Point Of View are used to express our own personal point on the subject,
some examples maybe is,
● What I mean is …
● In my opinion …
● By this I mean …
● I strongly believe that …
After talking about our personal point of view on the subject, there’s also a general
point of view,

General Point Of View, These expressions are used to show a general point of view.
A general point of view creates a balance in writing and helps avoid one absolute
statement. For example,
● Some people say that …
● Most people agree that …
● The majority disagree with …
When an opinion is shared you can either agree or reject it, these are some of the
expressions used to express agreeing with an opinion,
● This is absolutely right.
● That’s a good point.
● I couldn’t agree more.
● I agree with this opinion.

And this is some of the expressions used to express disagreeing with an opinion,
● I can’t say I agree with this.
● I am afraid I have to disagree with you.
● I think you are wrong.
● It is not justified to say so.

Opinions can be expressed using mental verbs like think, doubt, assume, believe,
etc.

Now we’re going to be looking at examples of how to agree and disagree.

Statement Agree Disagree
Bullying is so prevalent in I couldn’t agree more with I think it would be wrong to
most schools. you. assume that.
Online gaming should be Absolutely. It distracts I don’t agree with you. It is
banned. students from studying. a place for students to
develop some other skills
Smoking should be I agree that smoking I’m sorry but I tend to
banned in public places. should be banned in disagree with you on this.
general.

So we learned about Opinions and Expressions, an opinion is something that we

believe, it cannot be right or wrong, maybe in our eyes and mind it’s correct but in
someone else’s eyes it may not be correct. An opinion is an idea, you can be either
morally correct or wrong, an opinion is placed on our morals.

But with expressions, we can either disagree or agree using humble words or rude
words. Some expressions can be considered rude and some can be considered nice
in the eyes of the one who is receiving it.

CHAPTER 3 : Invitation Letters

Invitation letters are letters sent to someone to invite them to a specific event. The
goal of writing invitation letters is to plan the number of guests who will arrive at the
event.

With invitation letters there are several types of them which is,
● Formal Invitation
● Informal Invitation

A formal Invitation is an invitation which follows a dignified form, tone or style. For
example,
● An invitation to the opening of a school
● An invitation to a graduation ceremony
● An invitation to a wedding, etc.

A common format for a formal letter is,

● The first line is the name of the person who is inviting.
● The second line is a request for participation.
● The third line is the names of the persons invited.
● The fourth line is the occasion for invitation.
● The fifth line is the time and date of the occasion.
● The sixth line is the place of the occasion.
● The last line is the request for reply.

The use of an invitation letter is for inviting people to formal and social events, there
are also linguistic characteristics for an invitation letter. It should be,
● Simple, precise, and concise words
● Detailed information
● The tone of the text should be friendly and sincere

The format or layout of an invitation letter should be like this,

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Addresses of the adresser and receiver
Salutation

Body
- State for who the invitation is and by who it is given
- Reasons of invitation
- Date and Time
- Place

Signature
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The format of the envelope for invitation is addressed the same way as the envelope
of a letter. Formal invitations are written on cards. The text is written in calligraphic
style.

There are also ways of responding to formal invitations,

● Formal invitations should be responded to within 3 days.
● Replies are written in third person.
● Reasons should be briefly stated for declining the invitation.
For example :
1. Acceptance
Mr. and Mrs. Argananta accept with pleasure the kind invitation of Mr. and Mrs.
Daniswara to the wedding ceremony of their daughter on Friday, the 12th of
December at seven o' clock.

2. Declining
Mr. and Mrs. Marshall regret that they are unable to accept the kind invitation of Mr.
and Mrs. Maulana for Friday, the 12th of December at seven o' clock due to prior
engagement.

3. Responding Card
The responding card comes with the invitation card. This card should be preferably
handwritten.

And for the last part, the difference between a Formal and Informal letter is that a
formal letter is written in formal language, and usually for official purposes such as a
wedding. An informal letter is a letter written in a friendly manner to someone you are
familiar with.
As for the structure, formal letters are formal and polite or courteous, while informal
invitations usually take the shape of a personal letter.

CHAPTER 4 : Letter Writing

Now we’re going to be talking about letter writing. It's different from an invitational
letter because this time you’re not going to be inviting someone, but you’re going to
be expressing your feelings or informing something to another person.

Like invitational letters there are Informal letters and formal letters, first the personal
letters.

Personal Letters

Social Function : Personal letters are letters that are written to people we know
such as friends, parents, siblings and cousins. Letters are to inform and strengthen
the bond between two people writing to each other.

Linguistic Features :
● Sentence structure
● Style

The structure of a sentence are usually as such,

● The accuracy of grammar is important.
● Use an active voice.
● Slang can be used.
● Sentences should be completed.
● Use personal pronouns such as I, we, you.

The style of a personal letter are usually,

● Write in a natural, conversational style.
● Be warm.
● Language can be personal.
● Use the person’s name you are writing to.

Now we’re going to move on to the structure of a personal letter,

Date A date when the letter is written (top left).
Address A place where you are writing from (top
right).
Salutation & Name Greetings and the name of the person
you are writing to.
Introduction The opening of the letter usually starts
with how are you, etc.
Body The main part of the letter includes what
you want to write.
Closure This part indicates the letter is about to
end.
Signature Signature or initials of the writer.

There are also some useful expressions for letter writing such as,
Gratitude
● Thanks very much for …
● It was very kind of you to …
Giving advice
● Have you thought about …?
● In your last letter you asked me about …, I think …
● I think you shouldn’t …
Delivering good news
● By the way, did you know that …?
● I’m sure you will be happy to hear that …
Delivering bad news
● I’m sorry but I have to tell you that …
● It was sad to read about …
● I’m sorry to hear that …

Letter writing is used to inform the other person how you are feeling or maybe some
of the events that happened while they were not there. Whether it be good news or
bad news.

CHAPTER 5 : Meaning Through Music

Some artists write songs and poems to express their feelings. Finding the
meaning of a song is not an easy task because we don’t know what the writer was
feeling at the time of writing the song or poem. By the way, these are the steps
involved in finding the meaning of a song.

So, here is how to figure out a song's meaning:

1. It is very important to know the lyrics of a song that you want to figure out.
2. Try to figure out the type of song. Is it classical, country, etc.?
3. Find out what kind of poetic devices are used in the song and then re-examine
the lyrics. From that, you will be able to find a whole new meaning of words.
4. Listen to the song while reading the lyrics. It can help you to find deeper
connections with words. Don’t forget to try to look for the message of the song.
5. Keep your mind open and discuss the meaning with other people. You can find
different perspectives from there and open up your mind to new meanings.