Docker and Containerization Basics

Package App + Dependencies +

Configurations as Containers

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Table of Contents

1. Containerization
2. Docker
3. Docker CLI
4. File System and Volume

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 Containerization
Overview, VMs VS Containers, Advantages
Containerization
▪ Containerization == approach in which an app or service is
packaged as a container
▪ Image == read-only template that contains a set of instructions for
creating a container
▪ It contains software, packaged with its dependencies
and configuration
▪ Designed to run in a virtual environment
▪ Container == a runnable instance of an image
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VMs vs Containers
▪ VMs virtualize the hardware ▪ Containers virtualize the OS
▪ Complete isolation ▪ Lightweight isolation
▪ Complete OS installation. Utilization ▪ Shared kernel. Requires
Requires more resources fewer resources
App 1 App 2 App 3 App 1 App 2 App 3
Bins/Lib Bins/Lib Bins/Lib Size Bins/Lib Bins/Lib Bins/Lib
Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Container Engine
Hypervisor Operating System
Boot Up Time
Infrastructure Infrastructure
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Containerization – Advantages
▪ Easily deploy across environments with little or
no modification
▪ Immutability
▪ Once a container is created, it doesn't change
▪ To make a change, a new container must be created
▪ Ensures consistency across different environments
▪ Portability
▪ Depend of container runtime, not underlying infrastructure
▪ Run on any machine that supports the container runtime
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Containerization – Advantages
▪ A containerized app can be tested and deployed as a unit to
the host OS
▪ Resource-efficient
▪ Share the same OS kernel and isolate applications from
each other
▪ Scalability
▪ Can be easily scaled up or down
▪ Orchestrated by special tools
▪ More on that later
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 Docker
Docker Images, Containers, Software Development
Docker
▪ Docker == lightweight, open-source, secure
containerization platform
▪ It simplifies building, shipping and running
applications
▪ On different environments
▪ Runs natively on Linux or Windows servers
▪ Runs on Windows or Mac development machines
▪ Relies on images and containers
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Docker Image
▪ Docker image == blueprint for a container
▪ A read-only template, used to create containers
▪ If you want to change something, you should create a new image
▪ Holds app/service/other software
▪ Framework, dependencies and code are "described" here
▪ Docker registry == a repository for images

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Docker Container
▪ Built from the image
▪ Images become containers at runtime
▪ It is the actual running environment for your app
▪ Isolated and secured
▪ It can be started/stopped/deleted
▪ Different app components may reside in separate containers
▪ Database, back-end, front-end, caching, messaging, etc.
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Docker Desktop
▪ Out-of-the-box containerization software
▪ Runs on Windows or Mac development machines
▪ Includes Docker Engine, CLI and Kubernetes
▪ Complete Docker development environment
▪ Containerize any application
▪ Build
▪ Share
▪ Run
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Docker Desktop
▪ On Windows
▪ Ability to switch between Linux
and Windows Server environments
▪ Typically runs Linux containers
through WSL2 technology
(Windows Subsystem for Linux)
▪ https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install
▪ There are third-party solutions for Linux – DockStation,
CairoDock, and more…
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Docker Hub
▪ Docker Hub == cloud-based image repository (registry)
▪ Used for easy finding and sharing images
▪ Supports public and private repositories
▪ Automated builds and webhooks
▪ For every tool we use in Docker, it is recommended that we
read its documentation first
▪ As sometimes we need to perform configurations to work
with the tool

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Docker Compose
▪ Some apps combine multiple components
▪ e.g., WordPress requires Linux + NGINX + PHP
+ MySQL
▪ Each component may run in a separate
Docker container
▪ To run multiple connected containers, we use
Docker Compose

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 Development Workflow for Docker Apps

Registry / hub
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 Docker CLI
Command Line Tool to Talk to the Docker Daemon
Docker CLI
▪ Docker CLI allows working with the Docker Engine
▪ Build and manage images
▪ Run and manage containers
▪ Example commands
docker pull [image]
docker run [image]
docker images
docker ps
docker logs [container]
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 Live Demo
NGINX Server Container
File System and Volume
Data in Docker Containers
Layered File System
▪ Each image has file system layers, which are read-only and isolated
Thin R/W Layer
Container ▪ Image layers are reused in
Layer different images
Image
91e54dfb1179
d74508fb6632 Layer exists from
Image Layers another image
c22013c84729 (read-only)
d3a1f33e8a5a

Ubuntu
Image layers
Container, based on Ubuntu
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Layered File System
▪ Images share layers
▪ Therefore they load faster once you have them

91e54dfb1179 Thin R/W Layer

Thin R/W Layer
d74508fb6632
c22013c84729
Thin R/W Layer
d3a1f33e8a5a
Thin R/W Layer Ubuntu
Thin R/W Layer
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Container Isolation
▪ Each container is isolated and has its own writable file system
▪ By default, file system is deleted after you delete
the container Delete old
container
▪ Which is not very suitable for persistence operations and create
a new one

test.txt file
is missing

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Volumes
▪ To persist data, use volumes
Writable Layer
▪ Special type of directory on the host
▪ Mapped to the real file system C:\ Image Layer
▪ Can be shared and reused Base Layer
among containers
▪ Image updates won't
affect volumes
▪ Persisted even after the
container is deleted
G:\ Volume
▪ You have full control over them
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Attach Local Folder as Volume
▪ Attach local folder as volume to a container
docker run -p 5001:80 -d -v c:\users:/app nginxdemos/hello

▪ Examine mapped container's /app folder

/app has files

from c:\users

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Creating and Using Volumes
▪ Create a volume
docker volume create myvolume

▪ List all volumes

docker volume ls

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Creating and Using Volumes

▪ Inspect volume
docker volume inspect myvolume

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Creating and Using Volumes
▪ Mount volume to container
docker run -p 5000:80 -d -v myvolume:/myapp nginxdemos/hello

▪ Create a file in the /myapp folder

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Creating and Using Volumes
▪ Remove volume
▪ A volume that is in use cannot be removed
▪ You can remove multiple volumes simultaneously
docker volume rm myvolume

Should not be in use

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 Live Demo
Vue.js App in a Container
 Live Demo
Docker Container with MongoDB
Summary
▪ …
▪ With Docker we can create and manage images,
▪ … containers, volumes, etc.
▪ Image == read-only template with instructions
▪ … for creating a Docker container
▪ Container == a runnable instance of an image
▪ Volumes == the preferred mechanism for
persisting data
▪ We can run apps in containers
▪ We can also have a working database
in a container
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