Scribd
Upload
91 views37 pages

Power System Analysis 2 March 2022

Uploaded by

Alistair Pinto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
91 views37 pages

Power System Analysis 2 March 2022

Uploaded by

Alistair Pinto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37
g 2 4 l =50, 2. Any revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator and /or equations writen og, 42+8 & | i 5 3 a ie ul 3 i é ; Gi i i USN 18EE71 GCS SenlaMle | Seventh Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Feb./Mar. 2022 Power System Analysis - Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100 Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module. Module-1 Explain the following terms in network topology with an example. (06 Marks) i) Tree ii) Basic loops iii) Basic cut-sets. Consider an oriented graph of the power system network shown below Fig QI(b) Choose branches 1, 3 and 5 as:twigs. Build a bus incidence matrix A and basic cut-set matrix B for the oriented graph, Select node 2 as reference. 3 oa ig QU(b) (08 Marks) ‘A power system consists of four buses. The generators are connected at buses | and 3. The transmission lines are connected between buses I-2, 1-4, 2-3 and 3-4 which have reactarioes of j0.25, j0.5, j0.4 and j0.1 respectively. Develop a bus admittance matrix by direct inspection method. Choose bus 1 as reference. (06 Marks) oR Build bus incidence matrix A and then bus admittance matrix Yo. using singular transformation method:for the power system network shown below in Fig Q2(a). Choose bus | as reference. The linedata of the power system are given in Table Q2(a) below. Bus code Mutual temperature 3 + Jine No a Z(pu) Zn(pU) 1-2 [06 0.2 (line 2) 1-3 [os = 05 12 [04 0.1 Gine 1 2-4 | 02 = Fig Q2(a) Table Q2(a) va afes|to]— Hl (08 Marks) Define primitive ,ietwork and explain its two forms with neat representation circuit Also derive theit respective performance equations. (06 Marks) Consider an oriented graph of the power system shown below in Fig Q2(c). Choose branches 1,3 and 5 as twigs to form a tree. Build a basic loop incidence matrix C for the given oriented graph. Select node 2 as reference, 2 4 4 3 Fig Q2(0) (06 Marks) 1of3 18EE71 State the need of load flow study. Derive the static load flow equations or power flow equating to conduct load flow study in usual notations, (06 Marks) For a 4 bus power system network shown below in Fig Q3(b), the generators are connected at all four buses, while loads are at buses 2 and 3. The real and reactive powers are listed below in table 3(b). Assuming a flat voltage start compute the unknown variables in all the buses other than the slack at the end of first GS iteration. Take acceleration factor as 1.4 RES | Peow | Q (pw), View) 1 F 1.04102. 2 OS 0.2 - 3 -k* 0.5 - 4 0:3) -0.1 ae Fig Q3(b) Table Q3(b) (14 Marks) OR Explain the algorithm for Gauss — Seidel method to obtain load flow solution of a power system network with i) Absence of PV buses ii) Presence of PV buses. (10 Marks) For the power system network shown below in Fig Q4(b), the line impedance are marked in pu. The bus data of the power system are shown below Table Q4(b). Compute the voltage in all buses other than slack at the end of first iteration using Gauss — Seidel method. Take 0 are in Rs/hr. Determine : i) the most economical division of load between the generators and ii) the saving in Rs./day there by obtained compared to equal load sharing between generators. (10 Marks) Explain various constraints involved in unit commitment solution. (10 Marks) 0.12P,, +15, where oR Two units are connected at two buses through a transmission line. If 100MW is transmitted from unit 1 at bus 1 to the load at bus 2, a line loss of 1OMW is incurred. The incremental cost curve of the two units are, IC, = 16 + 0.02 P; Rs/MWhr and IC>= 20 + 0.04 P; Rs/MWhr If the system incrementalicost is Rs.26/MWhrs no load fuel costs are Rs. 250 and Rs. 350 per hour for units | and’2 respectively, then determine the following i) Power generations ffom both units and the power received by the load if the losses are included and also coordinated ii) Power generating from both units for the power received by the load as calculated above, if the losses are included but not coordinated Net saving in fuel cost by coordinating the losses. (12 Marks) Explain the Dynamic program algorithm with the recursive relation and also explain forward DP approach with a neat flow chart. (08 Marks) Modul Explain the algorithm for short circuit studies to be carried out in large power systems. (08 Marks) A 20MVA, SOHz genetator delivers I8MW over a double circuit line to an infinite bus. ‘The generator has kinetic energy of 2.52MJ/MVA at rated speed. The generator has a transient reactance of 0.3Spu. Each transmission line has a reactance of 0.2pu on a 20MVA base. The generator excitation voltage.|E'| = I.1pu and infinite bus voltage V = 1|0° pu. A three phase short circuit occurs-at the midpoint of one of the lines, Plot the swing curve with the fault cleared by simiiltaneous opening of breakers at both ends of the line at 2.5 cycles after the occurrence of fault. Take a step size of time as 0.05sec. Also, calculate the critical clearing angle, Use point by point method. (12 Marks) OR Fot a three bus power system network show below in Fig Q10(a), the pu impedances are shown therein. Build bus impendence matrix Zs, using step by step building algorithm, Add the elements in the order specified. “4 b z or eye! 095g TE EM 43025 r Tifa Fig Q10(a) (10 Marks) Build an algorithm for numerical solution of swing equation by Runge - Kutta method (10 Marks) 3 0f3 | Solution of NTU Question Paper [Febl mex. 2005} Power syoten Anolysis-2 LS EET) - Vorwepresad Gaonker Ascistaot Protessot Depry. of ERE rss VDI Holt “Prepored aoa * OLE. Explain the following terms in netoow's topology Wh an eCrample. UG) iree Ce marks) 4) basic loops. Uit) basic See eae eee 4 ou S0\P.- Mi) Tree in a Semnected, greph comtcining ofl “the nvdeo She graph G. wis thou any clodes loops. Ino | Cieitae eo LORD cl cae URLS coat etna oy eee eee ee a) dines wy As n-y Qi) When a Eo ie added +0 o yee, A loop contesain 1 34 formes @ loop Bae ie coMe, a eal one Unk ang Wemoinin: do basic loop or cena loop. @ Besic loops fray fo. 3.41.54 f2.a7h Yoo sed of Wrenches of a Which sathohes qre folbwin A ThE wemoveD of 2.00 orenches 4 © Hhe cutsey ca. EES The Yermainin cay BETH Fe hove hoo separate unos Gi) Cod sey rected Sub -arciph # The wemoval of alf cid one of tne brenches of the set leemen tne 2 1hhO Temaaning Qrecph connected. Coy faced <9, [3.5074 Ot. | Consider an omented grexph of the “power syateo Ne-hoor, Shown below. Choose branches 1,3 and 5 oo wigs, BUld a bus Incdence Met» A and vesic Cudtoet melts % © fox the osented yer Sdect node 2 ae weference. [8 mevks) © 1 QN De, © SO" | bus Incidence modtrsa A: Veo peas ae [aca Oost le | eA OnemES) os 3 reel ° Ale r 4 ° Sat call slo on a= Cola 1 ' CnanO o \ OR ag Ee) ° ' ° 4 Clea ‘ slo oO \ Ole A) power system consiete of four buses. the generators are me Cif cd buses 4 and 3. Whe Arvendmiasion Lines are connected behoeen buses 1-2. 1-4, 2-3 and 3-4 which have veactonces of 0.95, jor jJO-H and jo-) wespectivel Develop a bus admiqtence meta by direct Inspection methed. Choose bus 1 ce vefdbence. (6 merks J svi 94— Tu tinpedence diegren, | ® joy @ joo | © PY ferpe dence Se ‘pm = § 2 Aceeo W m1 0 9-1 yy Pane -08 © -os oe] E100 Opa enon ss og 292 © 02 of lo-10 iA ei = ° Ono nao) oO1-)\ Oia Cea EO-ceemOnoearoyn:Cuacyl dle oO ° a. s ,o-. B63 -0-60 om Yows= | 060 dean a | mr -2 ai, eee edit tance diagren ete ae] a [-jos jx5 0 Wie 9) Biome te) 2ok Je 4 | o fo ~Ne OD a DMuild bus incidence matvx A and then bus odmi-Hence Medasx Yous aa Singular Areansformation methed Sor the —power sHatem nehoork sheen below. Choose bus 1 os reference. the Line dete of the ~powex sSyoteo ave i in teble. befor. Las marks) Deus [aay [rudeel a ® OVS. [APY | tpedance ® B Tempe a = a | 0G | 02 Cured) - re | os = erm forsale ©, ® wea | omy | O-Cunes) oe oT oy | ot = Sloe Re seine an eae eet 2 s & se OnEaC) Detine pmitive neteoth and explo tte hoo 09 ..b | | me With necd sepresestetioo cive T+, Alco desive heiy yeepectve —perfermance equations ec mess} S0\22—) A primitive clement toc fundamental element which thes eement. A set of Te 0% Connected -ro any o Such uncomected aes jo defined as a pyimitive neroovt. Genevel primitive Bement Jen @— oe © OE} iS Vex, + 4a EN ONS Nig = Noltege ccrmes lerench 5 Rye Current tHyeeugh branch Vey: independent Yolteqge source in branch 6. jew = Independent current source tn branch 6 E= possive element @ 25 w Inpedence town Nigt Von> Cint ion) 25 Nig= Von + Cinejen)25, 2 Cen 25 - Vee) +2545, Ne+sen=ieg2y where ee VeK- Jonzy. ty a Oa 2 ocress> b branches. Vector of volte bb branches. Nector of coments throu. Sources. Vector of equivalent See CZ Primitive twpedance matnx OK Bamistence foro. see ee els ge Qienex-j oe) +Ne Mg we *Jwe VeNy here 32 Jae— NeNen 2 1% = ——- 44-— V5 i43- 0% ed = Vector of Wiccted conrents C= Pr ve admittance motsn 02.c Coneidex an oriented grecph of the power Syston beloro. chyrse brenches 1, B and & as hoigey+o-fosm a Awee. MUld @ veste leup incidence meotsx c Sov Whe given omented psalee Select node Dos saa) \ ® [06 marks) 2 4 Once Sol\%*- Hesic Loop Incidence medyix uy bao 6 [=o ° Ou se €= Gil -o ‘ alate) 4 st “1 ob.a Soi24- | Lood Plow etud State the need of loed Mow study. Devve the steke Load Flow equatigns or “power flor equetions te coo | Loed Flow syed ons [6 marks) or power Flow cae Sia otecy | Stecte eae (We the Voltages ot attline buses. | For ~portculey load condition! Load Flow ehidies ove | Qarportent In ~plansing and Seacbued Autuve enpencico. Leed Plow studies row Ugh oy |-Nioleion of volte meaqnitudes ot the buses ~ Ovex Loading 98 Uhes 7 Over Load: of genesecors, > Seiu 4 margin gzeduchon ~ Effect o, condengencses Power How eque Moos. Peco! he conmplex power Injected te qo ‘lo tT Y= SG, — Sp: Where 55. an Veucl note deme? Ned compiler oer Infected Who bust Complex power tm jected bythe neretor et tomes ©, 3 Wee sare opis Recording -fo conservation of co. Hh bus A mIPler Poreey ad cn, © conrplen —pooer ty ESTED Into the bu 4 Must be equal +o he sum oF compl e > Out of the bus vt Somples power dresso by she load ct bus i, S= 2S, f RS ae oh es ss eter aca are ever o®@4he Unes connate een Bus CO ren So yected pene ieee eee To bus Srome of ree. a Mous V Bo. 2D ine. i Complex power St. NGors* ae By = Vi LZR Ve] EN | Lex a= Wey (8) = Wl Cooess 4593033) Br Bi- Mine iw + Oi, aac 4m equetion U) ie eae \\ves\ Ceos tins joinsin) Ca%w-3 0%) acre veel end Imegnem4 ports Re z A We) Cain coo tin + Oi, ss0 SiH) ZW Wet Cart iosin- Bits costin) 03.6 For a H bus power system netoor shown befor Ihe nereters ave connedted ot all Sour buses, ohile Mado ore et buses 2 and 4 the veel and reactive “powers ave Listed pelos, A sumtin © Sled stent Compute the unknown variables iW elf the buses Other thas the sleck, at the end of fiyst Qo ftervation. Take acceleretos fect as \h, Didi mers) iy ® Bes) Bi |Nicpe) ne | ceed | 1 SE you LE ores DOS +50 So\h a Py admittance os aie Om 0-36 ® 133 | | 3-39 -24+j\6 SaaS ° Gumearx theo Riz Kimo Ni cmd -ixece} BUS 08 “PA bus. end Ccalenlere Th Plas io ood Violated Dal urpderte SS | lo6. Ae PR buses Coleulate Vi and Bi DY, Continue ‘the cbove HW Converqecce: 0B. Commpute Slack, bus Poet 109. Compute a& line Hows. OH. | Fox dhe -paser system neheoorh shown belers, the line Impedance. ave tharked To pL the bua date. of the “perwey System are sheen befos. Conmpute the volte. to ek Wuses other theo | Siypcd Herershon usin | Tene sleek bus eA dhe end a Gaves- Seidel methed. © 4 Has 0-4pd [10 mevbs) Ste No neretion) wad Bus [Veltege | Ge: = Gishemesinn| ees © ® ne. | Cpe) [=Pq] Oa [Po | Mp | ea Te | O-08-+\0-24, an [dee le \ | | 9 og | Oe ; . ° on | | 0-03-4j0.9¢ hrérjorg |e | Ve? - \ Ee 0 | 0 0-6 |r | Zs 1 | @ [e | | “PU admittance cee eee | . | Vos 81s ® | © | | a | se 166-5 695-1 ANT 45 BIST Saye a | Teej 7s” V91- {BIS A664" Moves § A Biol -\-66 +35 6-66-20 sal voltages as Verbose VS= 119 = Paa Ppa 0-9 -0-5 = -DSpu Og Pay= 0:6 , Khaz -O-25- Calculate fa at bus & Preal= —tmg Lv Zan Ve | aac = -tmalvd [Yaw Yorvertasvs)| > “Seog [rer 2S 55-75 )C1 05) + (9-91-3875) (1-03) + G- e645) = OOTY pL © 00077 Coss th hy te WH the Limit Bos O-OTT-O-a= —o.123-pu- ?. A: tg, | TE — Cass tesvsl| sell “[eapens Cee nen DHN-jBIS V.0% +Crserss)| = 0-99 -So-v9s~pu Ng = 0:33 VHS pu on Pa sho een \\ NS ilar * 2 San Sa ear oe - Waris Yaova] ee pcan ear -[esrsic. os) G66 20 \ 4 (1: 66 +55) 0-39-j0- os) = W014 — 0-099 -pu Va = los [ELS -pu pa the end of first Tterate9 | ye Ves“ Le-pu | Ng? org Lhe pe vgs ors fee osta | Desve the nerel expression Sow Jaceian Yemeni | TH polar fears ith Usual netetens 19 NR method te ObIeA load-Flow solubon. (10 marks) S019, We hove Preal> Gre\wnty EPrni (ae contis rein sit) Rica®~ — Beis ws VV) Cate sets QIK cosSis) i &) Elements of 3, > Diagonal ements oes ch eeu ena ee == 2 Wile) Com, simsing Oty cosese) He = ~ = \waves Cath sinain mines Sie) HH = hyo sit 048 diagonal ckement cE Ps . Ree WININis] CQ on Sig ~ OincosSi hs) &) Elements of Ja Diagonal ements ° 9 so 2 Wi vel (Gr,cosss y+ otk sings) 4a = PI Garin > 0F2 dragonel elements. Sy, et) Elements of Jo Diagonal elements AIVINV 5) COineoesin, + Binsin Sin) < 5 ae = DAVIN GI + Zl Conpcoastns + Bis, sintr) Ni =) r . “Hn Ve? Roel err Gis Zz Nite] Caines Be +BincinSis) wil “et Wi wis ¥ Pawar aw) + 084 dieqone| element DEL @ ur Carncootie + OTH SMBH) WW) TP eye Wied Catncoedin + Stnsibis) ae we) sence oF Ta nek CSC rs Be oe Zw) Carmoro Sin, — Sin, coeSin) = -2 ets Wwaiwnd (aincin sin ein ee soih) ye > DF4 diagonal elemest> Dev _ \ur) Cate omsin- otrcoesin) Wwe) DEH Wej = Willvel Cammein din -Binconts hy) Dwel OS, ob Explore the alaesidhm ef Feat Decoupled load Flew meth -d volth a necd Plow chart fox the lead Fos scluten of a-powcex syser netzork, Lio marks) Algosthe Sor Fest Decoupled Load Flow method. O\. Read the ov. 0%. oh inven docte Formmulete Nous. Assume IniBel volta focryo ea ancl silent ees 05 Caleulote AP; Soy alt PV end PR buses 6. Solve For aSi ond wrpdate Si oT Calculate Ay for all Ph buses 08. Solve Foe AINI) ond Update VI 03, Goto step oS and sepeate HU APL and Ai 12 withie lerence value Flowchart Foy Fest Decoupled lead Flow method. [Soe Fox as and update S Celeulete Slack, bus Powes, UneFbonos and Line losses 06.0 Ta a hoo The bus 4 fe a slack Bus With Vyet (oO —pu anc! bus ie a bus ~poroes Systera netoork, shown velcro, lee d bus with Pas loom, Oig=sOMVAR The Une twpedence jo Co-nr4+ JOE )-pe on « base of Voomun. Ysing NR method of lecd Flow soliton, Conspute the Volta ot bus 2 atthe end of Fea Tderecbon C10 mervks) a Meee co Oe S018 pu admittance Hegrem 3-34 © @ Ybus= ie eee Y T3s3q 8-54 im Bal sree es VPs vo") vee viel Ise apo Oasp= SB. 0-S%u 1 ¥ y is | - ZYorvn = Va Ca + Yoave} > A[eas5ny + Gan) a | “Vaca® = Cuca APg2 Paap reads A | A® = Arep- reds OT [AP | [Hoe bee | [ase A®e} [Mer +221 | rye) Wo] | Hype — hs - Ory \wnl™ iH on= —Pia- Soalval™ fogs o- Cay Gy” ce Neg Pat “99 ive)” | 2 Cy angie ©) Mare Ps -Gan\valt = 0 Loa = Ae eosin} op ' [a ° AS | oF qLe a Alva ror eis = Ase eaters ees ami]. |, | peo Wot, | 2 | 2. ASaxo-2s7% = la3a Ales Boro ——— > Pee A eon ae Tos Bor Sa tASzg= OF 322 Mae \Wape Wei alegh> Veoumee Vasu 2 ts bat the end of fret itervehon Neat ie pu Vee Woe [ia2 pu OGuas: Compare Qaves- seidal , Vecdon Revphs00 and Fest | decoupled load Flows method ef load Soles =>, S01 - aa Porveme-ter of Coppers eo0 ae method. naa method Flow solution With vespeed te vowous “parameters, [10 maxks) epi¢ method lov. | Co ovdinete > 02.| Prd mete vperetions l0s.| “Time oowthe werk wrth pyeertonge. ler co-ordinate > lecet 1 0. ro complete one i+ereho0 Lime -per Ne. of louses yes ore prefered [Requires less [time | Fae vets Polar co erdined Polerr courdinetes. Elemente of |L ess hen Pee ebion tv bel colenteted 19 lene Tewehe? NR method. on] Less compered io Ames of [te P-R oF KAexeton, but |G-2 method increases with G-S method Geometsie Bi ee Juradretic Convergence: |(2 convergence. |Conversence— onver gence. Koh caer | mci ee (eo more Moderate eal Ca pan eect Bi - (de joxound Go. ce aca aie “Ws Lohen Compore: yequi Wa mes OFLa A constant load of Boum ie Supplied by hoo Qoomw qeneretors 4 ond &@ for cohich the wespective wncremental fuel costs ave da 41S, Ohere 2 ONPG, 420 and SS2 . one-peg apa, aR os PPG's In MO and cosjes C\ and Cao Gre 19 Rslny Wertermme % UW) tne most economical division of load ve-hseen he to Relay there b neresteys and U3) the savin Dbteined com-parved +o ae loca Sra behoce9 cee Cro mers) | Cate So\2e— Pp Brom occu For economic SPpETeHOD = Tan, Soe ONPGt QO= ONTPG tS —> O) Pat Pays Bre OY + Pans Sve PG, So OIPG, 4902 OND CSAP) TIS or PGs 10-9 MO and WGgs Sue-1ho-3= Neste babies) ace avrg oo Cyt DOS PG 4 DSP G+ X Ca= 0-06 Pag + 1SPGor ¥ Cond Puncton Cm J C.-(o.05 x Rootes xiHp-9)4 x= DBIO'GH +X lhr Cae (0-06 4159-17) VSR ITIN AY = BOT 26 1 Keloy Hotelicest with ezenemie generation sehetelrd Cue Cit Coe TNS-94 K4+Y Beltre With equel loed shan Yq, =PGq= Po/y = lsum Cpe (00S 4 v7) 4 Cook ISD) + x= Hess % Roly Coz (v06 +150") + (IS nse) FY = BECC*Y Belny Cy Set Cae TITS 4 XTY Roly a = W194 x+y — (TS-34%+y) > 3+) BRel\yr or BARD = WS-4 ye Explain Votous conelreints Fnvolved in nid Comma ment solutson, [ie marks) Coneiveints in Unid Commit ment oO anv reserve In ork) power System, Some omour of active Bee ereHoo carbo sy has to be Kept A) [wesesve -to westebliah -he bolonce bvetboeen load jend nereathon oft all Benes, even under the [evento of a unit Senn Spinning yeeerve= (Sum of the capocties of aft wits 3 Synchwoized at atme)— Coed + losses im the syetew at thet me) SPianing yeserve te Necessany so-thed the lose of ia Ing) Unit does not le vequeney. rte a Ayep to a rial 02. Thermal Unit constants Mi wnum Uptime — This isthe minimum ime fer whic AUMY once committed shold wun. 14 showd not be themed of £ immnedratel bo Minimum down ime - A Lnit vcohich has been shut Heed conned be erteeted up bedere & evinlnun “ime has elapsed C. Start Up cost- Start up costo are the coayn 1) cuveed fn arate & tthermel Unit. oS. Reheor'h constreima Vremeniesion on ehoork aa have an effec% on the Commitment of the unite ay ay a tenes Genevetiog of Gs may be more than Gi and Ga. the sransfer of power faim Gy and Go to load is Lwited! by the Arvenamissinn nehoort. Hence Gs even 1415 more expensive 12 Committed. oh. Ewss Ao -per the emission norms “there Io a EMIT on Green house 7 emesive. Tt seto a Umit on Plant veage- os. Composit of genevetoe The Umito a the i meaaiac) es Oe occa 0 Consent Ws, 03.0 \ ae neidexed while |4he period of the aate This hos to be consiclere | commiting the unit 06. Eule consireants: SEER ote einen og OT alae ule consumption a Hydel -plent_constnesots | Hydet pland donot hove Cracice| cost, bul we need) te Spognttein worter \evet in the dome Two Avensmissivs Une. UMite are comected a4 +o0 buses een oa Th LOOM io Wensmidted fren VATA 4 ot bus 1 tv the lead ol bus 2, a Line Wes of Jomu toincursed. The Incremental cont curve of | Ae eo Unila ove “2c1 = 164 0-02, Palmuoh ond Co= 204 O04 Py Re |mMiwh Tf the m Yncvemenrtel cosdin Fs. 2E\Mih , No load Buel costs are Ka asv ond Bs Bo-per hour Soy onid 4 Sollowing . WW) Pow and & are determine the neretions rom both Untis and -the power received by the load if 4he looses ore inciuded and alse “coordinated. Wn Power geneverting Lom both unity Sor dhe pacer weceived by the lood om cealeuleted ahore, ifthe losses ave tretuded pu no Coordinated. (fry) Net caving tn Riel cosy b 4 cooy aoa the losses. (10 marks) lege oe o © load. nee load 14 24 bus go alone Pap witlned howe ca effect on “PL ve Boo* BO = Bay litter atiar Weur tac Pas loom “Pts 1ome t 10= ®y Wow)” By s o-oD) Meo! we have co-ordineon equetioo Aor plant 1 O02 PA + DAMWPG, FDA Bie PGg= ANG tox -plent & 0-04 Pot DrDUlPGa+ LA Sa PG, =r -20 Given X= TERSIMOH and Bye O- 001 MWS! 10.02 PG) + 2K IG ORIG, = TG-16 ? 3. PG, = 198-57, Mio Ooh Pagz= |S-2O Par =ILSE mv" - Awanemiesion loss = Pye O00) * 12857 = Ves d um Load Pp = "PG, + PG, A > DST OH MO A Power qeneretion with loosen co-ordineted PA, SST MO “PGs emo. With losses Tnclkuded but nol coordinated. 6-02 PG, + \G = O-DH PG, + 20 wy Power delivered +o loved 15 TVPG, + PG_ = oO D~I PA? + 969-6. —> 2) (Solving equetions UW) ona (2) RG\= DIS ASML ond Parg= >S-S ImMw- Loss. co ordination Causes the load on-plami 1 +o wweduce Srom GIS 16 mio +o 12ST 7M “o Saving In plant 1 due + loss co-ordineton is os16 { (0-09=7G) 416) FFG,> C-orPabs1676, ae 193-51 \28-5) \ | = 9391-69 Ro\br | lod plans Q the load incresed Srm 3t- Same to ines auing of een! loge co-ordinoten the S a plana 2? 319 aa atss \ (oro mec see toy carat oor raat2sPhs | pee we = —2030-h3 Bel nr cane 2931-63 — 2030 = 305-26 Rs\br Bb Exr\ean “Whe Diypamie “Progran olgerittn with the SplOn- the ywecirsive al yecursive yeletioo and aloo ex plaice Soncard VD? op preach vith a neal Flow chart. (98 marts) nto +o compute the mininurs Ces% In hour kb with combination C %> Feest (a,c) = rad (Pecet Ci, ¢) + Second (st, He) + Fost Ca] where. Feet Cac) = Veasd total cost +0 orive ot etecte. Ce,.c) Peoot (%.C) = paodeetion cost Sor otete CK.c) Seoet Cav, % hc) = Anensttion cost Soom ote C6,0) ao state C6, <) Sree CG .c) Is the CM combincton in hour's. For he tomcord “DP apprvach we define a strete ag the dyensi-on oy pelo, Syor one stecte cd is nae hour te O Stecte ot The next hour. Forcoeyd DP apprech Slow: chert Foor aed = PR (Reest Cg.) +oc08¢ C63, Lise) For ot States Co-tal x) To presen) -peyivd. | FReestlin.c) +S cont CR LC) “+ Eeosa C= td) CAvtal x) wn-peiod 15 Rereso Y fecarble states wits lowest cost Sinete kes. 2 optimal soluctio Stop] 99.0. Explain the algosithy Sox host cireud Studies A en large power systens (06 merks) Ay be canted out 79 ae v d S0\2,— At gorwthw for Sher} ctwendt studi eee eget ane ay ener ne atone To) Ba Nea ee caeeine) at Stead Step 01% Obteto -prefauls voltages ot all buses and Converts Ty aff Unes throu ee load Plo eee Le+-prefeult bus Re aa Ng ve Vis Ve ves Aoeume thed 2 bus to Sentted hoo! Seu + twrpe dance Eat The posi fault bus eines vector will be que 4 { Vbus= Viust AV Were AV > the Veater ol changes yn ous \eltes caveed by the faulty © se Step 02.4% “Drews the passive thevents nehoorks of the Re (e oaeae an ec acl “4 Arensiend or Subsryemsier\ weactances with ther VemS$is ohovted. SrePp 03 % Excite the passive Theveoto network, With —V\s in sexes with ZR oS shown below “The vecto¥ AV compse> he bus voltage of this nethoork, now AVe Dove 3% Zroug= us Inppedance metry oh Mhevenin nehoot's nyechon Nector “ps us current a ee ote Step Oh & Nottege et the wl> bus Under feult fo s Nabe WEF AW = NE - Dav alse Vhs $4 So zhyt eve 2 tt 2 at Vee Sp ye ea ot Mouse aves (-2ivI4] Vike VE- Ze ZF Substithtin x VINER 2s ahaa 1 Tost feuld cusrent 1, Une s + isha @xaiceeeni Pare AG Nise 29. 1A 2oMvA, SUH. generator delivers ‘BMW over & double cirent Lt +o on Inhinite bus The yore bas Kinetic Sceaaa of 2-52Mz |Mve aa verted Speed. the i Neraty, has e Avensies) reactance of O35—DU., Boch Wrenemission Une has o yeoctence of 0-2-—G 06 a MUA vase, The generetor excite hoo jolrege NEE cle end whiniie, bus voltage Velo py. [A thwee phase short arcuid occurs ot the midpoind lok one of the Unes Plot the sioim Curve worth Phe taut cleared bb. j Dimulteaneoves spening of loweakerss at both Sade of the Line cd Quere. joSter the oceurrence. of Sault. take a es step vie | 8 +3me as 0-05 sec.. Ales, caleulete the cwteal \clearsng on E fe | Os, 4 a ‘ek Vee spond by poiny method (Gaseseesy So0\%,— 7 oo ik \Smuoe laf, 5 o-3-pu \E ee Dom: FS ee nds nie us H=o-S2MZlmun Xd'= O37 CAD eet omen ees so | (Ah) Pre Baula condition | TPL iwpedance Cale on | 0-35" | | Oe | yey Wo | Pes Pmaxy S10 Sv ol \ | Bare ease ONL = Dh Fy O35 4 (021100) fe O9= Odd ain So So = 21-64 = 0-579" (ory aia faulty TPL impedance ctegrem one oF S06 Velo a5" - So “poss Acult GO) Fault ics cleared at 005 sec HMdson- gags Vy Yoox TT x " Y 4 ¢ Given AY = 0.05 see fe eal Yeo 4 eonso t FRren} S| sins ae y Jon joven fo-aes | o-3 0° [0-88 job) 0-368] 0-303 | o-s1e a Fa Cae eel pwr - = O28157] 256 2-56 05 | 0°68 | 22] Om] 0-36 0-539 =a Sor eal loos] 2-0 Joyo} ow) | ose | o-08 - - aq lo-os| 2 [ana] ~ - o-g09 | 2-16 | Sar 4 o-1 | 2 jeqcr] ons | 098 |-o-08s | -O-T6H | wes lois] 2 fan-o7}o-se | 12 | 0-22 | -1-969 Btls O2/} 2 [se-65/0593 | V9 |-O99y | -262h | 25] D2 |a6-60 |o-S55 cen) 0292 | -2-615 DS] 2 [Beayloss | sn 0-2) ei z loss] 2 9.35] ons | 0-38 -oog | —o-ne Oy | De jr2sng] ods | Ose O0ad, Oasy lows] 2 faa [O37 | Oy Ons) yas, | fat os] 2 sta] — i fi ei je | eu no oF é 30 | 1s es is 10 os © 05 OF] OIG OD OE OR OBS OV Ds OH | WO. Gee a three bus proer System nehoork shoe below, |the -pu impedances are hoon Ahevein, Build bus Impedance morttsx Zous vaing aAeyp “y Step build: Eunos Add Ahe cements in the order specific 9 © eisceves ve § elemend betioeen veh DUS ond bus 1 20\P.— adain Adasen of a branch —p>0 G4 © 4 Fain een eh cleamcalcalale Ons ba ze Zuz Boor 025 . @ Eee aeRO sa) cama Bement behoeen bus 4 and 2. Additvo of obrenck @))- Gai) © Ors Ze Zbve> ? tL ess | ORS, . 2 an 27 © ZLay= 2y> O25 > 20 ea omen a Rea Zooe Zio + Qi ee Aa es ee Boe Be D+ ae- adding element Wetwoeen us 1. and %. Additon eee : ° ° Io o-) © Os 3 oy ® =——— ©) Zioue> peor aeae Za Zor Fas z2pi Zaye Zur OFF 2 Ziy Zoos Zips OS = 22d 2a leat eal Zag Zigr Aaiy 2 OS +O) = 0-35 09S DIS Orr o Zbus = 09s 13S OnE” 2s OS 0357 Sasa Se a bus 2 and B. Adastion of a lnk, = oI ot ons Or © oun. [OO OS Oe Bat Ors ODT 0125 Zyl Ors 0 OSS Zal Fa iene ee Urea CG Zs 2pi-24q5 ZU = Zay- 23) = UST - OS HO = Bl F212 alot toy yD >No ie oe Zeol Zlys Zag- Zag 2 Os - 01352 -O- = Za | Ze Zp 244+ Dea pq = 22-2314 Zosay = OV-(0-1) 4+ 0-4 | Zu = OD Zbus neo: Zousold — ZUNZy te a \ 5 Zous neo = Os 0s oe | — ol 03 |—oe| | OS Oe OS © (oo -o} | | Os 09s 01357 O-9s= 0-957 Qi ag Sone ilas | (otoecitoat aon O28 9.95% 0-316 Seca Bement lehoeen bus 2 end ye. , Adarpon of o “ew © on Oa le oO’ Ory oie © ows Oree © Zu peak Zli= —Zay~ 0 2 2A ZAD Zana) 0-216 =) eal 2le- -2o9- -o283- zal File 24s ZpaPq = — Ze +Zoroa = — Co6)4 one = 0-566 O25 1a Ova r Lous = poche ~o Gs” Ore Oren)! — S— | pare [PS ose -oy Ons Os O36 eae) re | 0713S oy oteem Zrusg = | Or O33) ps ONS 02S OTH WO.lo. BDutld co algothy for numerical colutive of swing Equation cA oats = Kutta method. [10 moxks] oo al ea ig a ee eo cele orioeelh tele weir ane ene an | lVewteabless ore celeulated fxom o given 228 pf formulae, | desved by Using an appromimahon -to we-place & Szunceted Taylor's sees Gi ponsion. the formulae for “Runge butte Fourth order coppromimeation tor solutoo of hoo simutenens Affe rental equetsons ave given belous. Se cn Sry) | Bday = AyGn yea) | Rew Aron Witial Values *er Yo. te and ex size b, ithe updated velues are Mim Kot AC ey + 2g FD beet, ' y= Yo tte CGs 2 42644) Where ae Koz Sx e ae 3x Cor Be, Yorks tosh i, , L b Yot le web) <— Bae Sa ors, ener acl Conon bos Ay Crore, Ka $x Crorke Z ec eee tan TSFOSE Youle tor bys Lae fy Ox x ca DEN on Mhoes (les; woth) Th E DS ie C ash Moores BE Sevenaiet Selves obteio Soliton $n sHos tobe | ore ate ealere= cover \ queHon | 28.5 8 ae DO _ Pm - Pras Sins | ae ™M | SAewtin RDU OIt ose Unger) Sv ,Wo sto and step sire of Ad the Formac ave as hy Vows \ | Kar (es )\ AY oa Las [Pm —Pmex sin (So +) | ay 22 eee ma = Loot &)\ Ay = epimers Secs atest as & (0+ $3) nee ly. [estonia Gari ro Prax Sin Sa S80 cae ie rhat ka | Sm ot [Ut rtotalat ly} Dept, of Electrical & Electronics Engg. F ee KLB's V. D. Institute of Technology Sean, HALIYAL-581 229.

You might also like