Quarter 2 – Week 1 Mathematics 9

Lesson 1 Variations

Lesson 1.1 Direct Variations

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
 illustrate situations that involve (a) direct variation (M9ALIIa-1);
 translate into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by: (a)
a table of values (and vice versa), (b) a graph (and vice versa) and (c) a
mathematical equation (and vice versa) (M9ALIIa-b-1); and
 solve problems involving (a) direct variation. (M9ALIIb-c-1)

What’s New
In your grade 7 class, you first learned how to translate mathematical phrases to
mathematical symbols. Let’s see how much you can do in this activity.

Try This!
Match each verbal phrase to its corresponding mathematical symbol.
1. The number of minutes (m) spent in reading is 2 times the no. of pages ( p) read .
2. The cost (C) of fish is 90 times the weight (w) in kilograms.
3. The rate (r ) of work done by n people in h hours
4. The time (t) spent to travel 80 km at x kph..
5. The fare (f ) is 9 times the number (n) of kilometer covered.

n 80 2 n x
r= t= m= f= t=
h x p 9 80

m=2 p C=90 w f =9 n w=90 C r =nh

What is It

Direct Variation occurs when one quantity is equal to a constant times the other
quantity. This can be expressed into mathematical statement or equation as y=kx where
y
k= is the constant of variation or constant of proportionality. These statements can be:
x

“ y varies directly as x”
“ y is directly proportional to x” and

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 “ y is proportional to x”.
These statements mean that for two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an increase
in y as well. Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.

Let us study the following statements translated into equations where k represents
the constant of variation or constant of proportionality.
Examples:
a
1. “a is directly proportional to b ” is translated as a=kb where k =
b
2. “The circumference (c ) of a circle varies directly as the length of its diameter (d )” is
c
translated as c=kd where k = .
d
3. “The cost (c ) of fish varies directly as the number (n) of kilos bought” is translated
c
as c=kn where k = .
n
4. “The stopping distance d after breaks are applied varies directly as the square of the
d
velocity v ” is translated as d=k v 2 where k = 2.
v

Let us use direct variation in solving word problems. Study the following examples below.
Examples:
1. If y varies directly as x and y = 48 when x = 16, find the constant of variation ¿) and the
equation of variation.
Solution:

a. To find the constant of variation: b. To find the equation:

Step 1: Translate the y
y=kx where k = is
statement “y varies x
directly as x” into an the constant of
equation. variation
Step 2: Substitute the y
k=
given values of x and y x
y 48
to the equation k = . k=
x 16
Then, divide.
Step 3: Divide y by x
k =3
Thus, constant of
variation k is equal to 3.
Step 1: Translate the y=kx
statement “ y varies
directly as x ” into an
equation.
Step 2: Substitute the k =3
value of k from
solution (a)
Step 3: Multiply 3 y= (3 ) x

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and x to get the y=3 x
equation of variation

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2. The table below shows a relation between the distance in km (d ) and the time in hour (t)
. Find the constant of variation and the equation which describes the relation.

Time in hour (t) 1 2 3 4 5

Distance in km (d ) 80 160 240 320 400

Solution:
a. To find the constant of variation: b.To find the equation:
Step 1: Step 1: Translate the
Translate relation between the
the relation distance in km (d ) d=kt
between the and the time in hour
distance in d (t) into an equation.
d=kt where k =
km (d ) and t Step 2: Sincek =80,
the time in d=(80)t
substitute 80 to k
hour (t) into
an Step 3: Multiply 80
equation. and t to get the d=80 t
Step 2: equation of variation.
Substitute
the value of
d and t to d 80 160 240 320 400
= = = = = =80
the t 1 2 3 4 5
equation
d
k= .
t
Step 3:
Divide d by k =80
t.

3. The graph shows the number of bottles n produced by a machine and the time t in hours
the machine is working. Find the constant of variation and the equation which describes
the relation.
9000
number of bottles (n)

7200
5400
3600
1800
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time in hours (t)

Solution:
a. To find the constant of variation b. To find the equation:

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 Step 1: Translate the n=kt where Step 1: Translate the
statement “the n statement “the number n=kt where
k = is the
number of bottles n t of bottles n produced n
k = is the
produced by a constant of by a machine and the t
4. machine and the variation time t in hours the constant of
time t in hours the machine is working” variation
machine is working” into an equation.
into an equation. Step 2: Step 2: Since
.
Step 2: Choose any k =900 , substitute 900
n n=(900)t
of the point on the = to k
t
graph then substitute Step 3: Multiply 900
1800 3600 n=900 t
n = =900 and t to get the
to the equation k = 2 4
t equation of variation.
. If p varies directly as q and p=25 when
Step 3: Divide n by t . k =900 q=5, what is the value of q when p=80?
Solution 1:

Step 1: Translate the statement “ p varies directly as q ” into an p=kq

equation. p
where k =
q
p
Step 2: Substitute the given values of p and q to solve for k in the k=
q
equation. 25
k=
5
Step 3: Divide 25 by 5.
k =5
Thus, the constant of variation k is equal to 5.
Step 4: Write the variation equation p=kq when k =5. p=5 q
Step 4: Substitute the given value of p=80 to solve for q . 80=5 q
Step 5: To solve for q, apply the Multiplication Property of
Equality (MPE). ( 15 ) 80=5(q)¿ )

80
Step 6: The value of q when p=80. =q
5
16=q or q=16

Solution 2:
p p
Since is a constant, then we can write ¿ . From here, we can establish
q q
p 1 p2
a proportion such that = where p1=25 , q 1=5 and p2=80 .
q1 q2
Substituting the values, we get

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 25 80
= → Divide
5 q2
80
5= → Multiply both sides of the equation by q 2
q2
5 q 2=80 → Apply Multiplication Property of Equality or (MPE),
1
multiply to both sides of the equation
5
q 2=16
Therefore, q=16 when p=80.

5. The amount of paint ( p) needed to paint the walls of the room varies directly as the area
( A) of the wall. How many gallons of paint is needed to paint a wall with an area of
120 sq . meters if 2 gallons of paint can cover a 48 sq . meter wall?
Solution 1:
Step 1: Translate statement “ p varies directly as A ” into an p
p=kA where k =
equation. A
p
Step 2: Substitute the given values of p and A to solve for k in the k=
A
equation. 2
k=
48
Step 3: Simplify or rewrite the equation in lowest term. 1
k=
24
1 1
The constant of variation p is equal to . k=
24 24
Step 4: Write the variation equation p=kA with the value of k 1
p= A
substituted. 24
Step 5: Substitute A=120 to solve for p. 1
p= (120)
24
p=5
Therefore, 5 gallons of paint is needed to paint a wall with an area of
120 square meter wall.

Solution 2:
p p
Since is a constant, then we can write ¿ . From here, we can establish a
A A
p 1 p2
proportion such that = where p1=2 , A 1=48 and A2=120.
A1 A2
Substituting the values, we get
2 p2
= → Divide or rewrite the equation in lowest term
48 120
1 p2
= → Multiply both sides by 120 to solve for p2
24 120
120
p2 = → Divide
24

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 p2=5 → The value of p2

Therefore, p2=5 gallons when A2=120 sq . meter

Mathematics 9 7
 What’s More
Activity: It’s Your Turn!
A. Using k as the constant of variation, write an equation for the following statements:
1. The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the distance d of his destination.
2. The cost C of fish varies directly as its weight w in kilograms.
3. An employee’s salary S is directly proportional to the number of days d he
has worked.
4. The area A of a square is proportional to the square of its side s.
5. The distance D travelled by a car varies directly as its speed s.

B. Determine if the tables and graphs below express a direct variation between the
variables. If they do, find the constant of variation and an equation that defines the
relation.

1. 2. 3.
x 1 2 3 4 5 x 24 12 8 6 x 10 15 20 25
y 2 4 6 8 10 y 1 2 3 4 y 100 150 200 250

4. 5.
25
10
20
8
15
6
10
4
5
2
0
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

C. In each of the following, y varies directly as x . Find the constant of variation,

equation of variation and the values as indicated.
1. If y=12 when x=4, find y when x=12.
2. If y=3 when x=10 , find x when y=1.2 .

D. Solve the problem.

1. A mailman can sort out 738 letters in 6 hours. If the number of sorted letters ( l )
varies directly as the number of working hours (h), how many letters can be
sorted out in 9 hours?

Mathematics 9 8
 ODIONGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
The School of Choice
Dapawan, Odiongan, Romblon

ASSESSMENT IN MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 2 - Direct Variation
Name: ____________________________ Score: ___________
Grade & Section: ___________________

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on
the space provided at the right margin. You have to write the complete solution on a clean
sheet of paper for it will be given additional points.

1. Which of the following represents the statement, m varies directly as j , where 1. _____
k represents the constant of variation?
k j
A. j=k m B. m= C. k = D. m=kj
j m
2. If p varies directly as q and p=18 when q=−6 , then k is 2. _____
−1 1
A. −3 B. C. D. 3
3 3
3. The amount ( A) of money raised in a concert to the number (n) of tickets 3. _____
sold is an example of what kind of variation?
A. direct B. inverse C. joint D. combined
4. In the variation equation M =2 t . What happens to M when t is doubled? 4. _____
A. M is halved B. M is doubled C. M is tripled D. M becomes
zero
5. If a varies directly as b , and a=18 when b=4.5 , find a when b=8. 5. _____
A. 3.2 B. 4 C. 32 D. 72
6. Which of the following table of values illustrates direct variation? 6. _____
A. C.
x 1 2 3 4 6 x 1 2 3 4 5
y 12 6 4 3 2 y 10 15 20 25 30

B. D.
x 3 4 5 6 7 x 1 2 3 4 5
y 21 28 35 42 49 y -6 12 18 -16 20

7. What mathematical statement describes the graph below? 7. _____

2
24 A. y= x
3
Y 12 3
B. y= x
2
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 C. y=6 x
3
X D. x= y
2

8. Given that y varies directly as x, find the missing values of x and y in the 8. _____
table below A. x = 27; y = 6
B. x x 6 1 24 =30; y = 6 m
8
Mathematics 9 9
y 2 8 9
 C. x = 27; y = 3
D. x = 6; y = 27

9. If 3 identical packages weigh 105 kg. How much will 15 of these packages 9. _____
weigh?
A. 315 kg B. 525 kg C. 1250 kg D. 1575 kg
10. The number of words Janna printed (w) varies directly with the amount of 10. _____
time she spent printing (t) . If she printed 250 words in 5 minutes, how long
would it take her to print 1200 words?
A. 20 minutes B. 22minutes C. 24 minutes D. 30 minutes

PERFORMANCE TASKS
Collect your electric bill for the last three (3) months. Record the kilowatt hour (KWHR)
consumption against the Amount Due on the table below:
Month

Kilowatt Hour
Consumption
Amount Due

Answer the following:

1. What have you observed with the amount due and the kilowatt hour consumption
values?
2. What type of variation is being described by the situation?
3. Gather ideas from the family members. List down some ways to minimize electric
consumption? How can these measures help the family?

Rubrics for Grading:

10 8 6 4
Data All data was All data was Data was Included little
Quality complete and complete and not incomplete. Some or no relevant
accurately labeled accurately labeled data was not data. Data was
using appropriate using appropriate labeled using not labeled
units of measure. units of measure. appropriate units of using
measure. appropriate
units of
measure.
Data Identified and Identified valid Only identified Trends were
Analysis described trends trends and made obvious trends not missing.
and made appropriate fully supported by Obvious trends
appropriate conclusions based the data. were
conclusions based on the data. overlooked.
on the data.
Ideas Had more than ten Had more than ten Had less than ten Had fewer than
ideas. Every idea ideas. Almost every ideas. More than four ideas.
related to the topic. idea was related to half of the ideas Some ideas
Links were drawn the topic. were related to the were not

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 between related topic. related to the
ideas. topic.

References:
Department of Education – Central Office
Department of Education, Region X. Mathematics Quarter 2 Wk.1
Direct Variation, 2020
Mathematics Learner’s Material 9
Bernabe, Julieta G. et. al. Our World of Math, 2014

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