International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development; Vol.

II Issue II August 2015

www.ijesird.com e-ISSN: 2349-6185

Advanced Embedded System for Detection of Tilt

and Vibration
Nikita N Shinde1, R. D. Patil2
Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Padmabhooshan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of Technology, Budhgaon, Sangli, India
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract – This paper builds a smart tilt measurement and The objective of this paper is to explore the
vibration detection system for environment monitoring. There
are a number of smart measurement systems established for monitoring system for “Tilt Measurement and
smart grids, bridges or machine system management, Vibration Detection using PSoC” for any object like
temperature/ humidity monitoring and so on. 3axes bridges, machines etc. Bridges in a city are
accelerometer has many applications such as in vehicles for
motion control, mobile phones for motion activated functions, important engineering solutions for basic civil life,
computers, medical appliances like pace maker and home with safety as critical factor. The Programmable
appliances. It measures the acceleration in x and z direction and System On Chip (PSoC) chip is a self-selecting
processes data. Depending upon gravitational acceleration along
individual axis the tilt level and vibration levels are decided. digital or analog input and output unit that can
significantly decrease the number of required
Keywords — PSoC, 3-Axes Accelerometer, GPRS, GPS, GSM peripheral parts and quickly fulfill the design needs
[1].
INTRODUCTION Some applications in which accelerometers are
used are as follows:
The mixed-signal programmable system-on-chip Mobile Phones: Used for motion activated
(PSoC) architecture for high-volume low-cost functions, gaming, free-fall detection, and vibration
applications is presented. Programmable analog, control.
digital, and clocking circuits are combined with Vehicles: Used for crash testing, robotics, motion
flash memory and a microcontroller to provide a control, and skid detection.
platform for single-chip solutions for low-cost Computers: Used in computers and computer
consumer applications. Both programmable analog peripherals such as mouse, for motion activated
and digital circuits are designed to support a functions, gaming, and tilt sensing.
moderate level of abstraction, balancing flexibility Medical Appliances: Used in pacemaker and
against cost and performance. A rough comparison blood pressure measurement applications.
of alternative approaches based on functionality and Home Appliances: Used in appliances such as
cost is presented. washing machines for spin and vibration
Accelerometers are electromechanical devices measurement.
that measure different kinds of acceleration for
instance static and dynamic acceleration.Currently RELATED WORK
there are few systems existing to measure tilt or A lot of researches work has been in PSoC
orientation of the object and to detect the vibration (Programmable System-on-Chip) is a family of
using 3-axis accelerometer. One of the systems mixed-signal arrays first made by Cypress
available is to design acceleration sensor with the MicroSystems (CMS), a subsidiary of Cypress
help of Data Acquisition System. But it is not Semiconductors. This features a microcontroller
always possible to wire sensor directly to and configurable integrated analog and digital
acquisition equipment when the sensors are to be peripherals. PSoC is software configured, mixed-
located on a rotating member and in very hostile signal array with a built-in MCU core. The core is a
environment – very high temperature, volatile Cypress proprietary, 8-bit Harvard architecture
liquids, and high humidity. design called the M8C. PSoC has three separate
memory spaces: paged SRAM for data, Flash

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International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development; Vol. II Issue II August 2015
www.ijesird.com e-ISSN: 2349-6185

memory for instructions and fixed data, and I/O [4]. Rong Liu have presented in the paper „The
Registers for controlling and accessing the Analysis and Design of Urban Bridge Safety Early-
configurable logic blocks and functions. This is a warning‟ that the security issues relating to the
self-selecting digital or analog input and output unit urban bridge have aroused the attention of the
that can significantly reduce the number of required engineering field and bridge management
peripheral parts and quickly fulfill the design needs institutions all over the world, and one of the
[1]. PSoC also consists of digital and analog hotspot questions discussed at home and abroad
programmable blocks like filters, Analog-to-Digital comes to the establishment of safety early-warning
Converter (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog Converter system for urban bridge. Urban bridges are crucial
(DAC)s, inverting, non-inverting and operational lifeline works for a city, whose security impact on
amplifiers, counters, timers etc.. It also supports citizen‟s essential life and they play an
Inter integrated circuit (I2C), Serial Peripheral indispensable role in extreme situations, such as
Interconnect (SPI), Universal Asynchronous natural disasters and war. During construction
Receiver Transmitter (UART), Universal Serial Bus stages and service time, urban bridges will be
(USB) communications along with Radio damaged or destroyed by environmental effect,
Frequency (RF) [2]. Qiu. D., Gao, L have presented chemical reactions, vehicles, human activities, and
the Virtual Reality Technology in the paper so on[5].
„Application of virtual reality technology in bridge
structure safety monitoring‟. The dangers of bridge SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
transition section deformation hazards prevalent in Figure 1 shows the block diagram of this paper.
the national highways. It affects not only the safety G-sensor is nothing but 3-axes accelerometer. It
of traffic, speed, comfort, performance, highway senses the acceleration in x,y and z direction.
transport efficiency, but also affects the life of the Depending upon the value of acceleration along
vehicles. More seriously it may lead to accidents. individual axis the tilt level and vibration level is
So the deformation monitoring of the bridge decided.
approach has become an important research topic
for urban highway operation. Virtual reality
technology is an immersive interactive technology
which is based on computer technology and data
processing technology. Virtual reality technology is
used to build the three dimensional model of the
bridge, and on this basis, the advanced safety Fig.1. System Architecture
monitoring of bridge is implemented [3].Thiesse, The purpose of the system is to sense the
F., Michahelles, F have mentioned in the paper respective acceleration levels along the X and Z
„Embedded interaction interacting with the internet directions, that is, it can be employed to detect
of things‟ that in addition to bridge monitoring, whether the object is horizontally or vertically
there are great number of three axis accelerometer oriented or the vibration level. Check the absolute
applications, one of which, provides a force and value of G of X-axis, and Z-axis. According to
torque analysis suggestion when reducing the standard values, send the message of excess tilt or
ingredients. This literature presents the underlying earthquake.
concepts of embedded interaction, the technological
and conceptual phenomena of seamlessly .Types of Accelerometers
integrating the means for interaction into everyday
artifacts. Technically, this requires embedding Accelerometers are divided based on their output
sensing, actuation, processing, and networking into type, sensing method, manufacturing technology,
common objects. Conceptually, it requires and other properties. When output type is
embedding interaction into user‟s everyday tasks considered, accelerometers can have either analog

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International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development; Vol. II Issue II August 2015
www.ijesird.com e-ISSN: 2349-6185

or digital output. The analog output accelerometers hardware can interface with the digital
often have voltage as the output, while digital communication output accelerometers.
output accelerometers have Pulse Width Modulated However, this does not work with digital PWM
(PWM) waveform, I2C, or SPI. The choice between and analog output accelerometers.
the analog and digital type depends on the interface Microcontrollers can interface with digital
hardware. PWM and digital communication output types,
 Analog accelerometers output the most raw but not to the analog output accelerometers. The
data form and their measurement is highly PSoC device has the flexibility of interfacing
flexible. The speed and accuracy with which with all types of accelerometers.
the analog output is measured changes with
the hardware it is interfaced with the
accelerometer.
 Digital PWM output accelerometers
involve intensive computation and timing
analysis to get the acceleration from the
waveform.
 Accelerometers with digital communication
output (I2C/SPI) have Analog to Digital
Convertors (ADC) and digital
communication modules integrated into the
chip along with the basic analog output
accelerometer. This added hardware is fixed
function and increases the cost of the
accelerometer. These accelerometers
provide easy interface to a larger digital
system, but are least flexible. With digital
accelerometers, parameters such as
resolution, sampling speed, bandwidth, and
SNR are limited to a narrow selection range.
Currently there are few systems available to
measure tilt or orientation of the object and to
detect the vibration using 3-axis accelerometer. One Fig 2 Functional Diagram of Accelerometer
of the systems available is to design acceleration
sensor with the help of Data Acquisition System. The sensor element in the accelerometer
But it is not always possible to wire sensor directly works on the principle of differential capacitance.
to acquisition equipment when the sensors are to be Here, the acceleration causes displacement in the
located on a rotating member and in very hostile silicon structure, resulting in a change in
environment – very high temperature, volatile capacitance. The ASIC is included inside the
liquids, and high humidity. package to convert change in capacitance into
Accelerometers are electromechanical devices analog voltage, which is proportional to
that measure different types of acceleration such acceleration. It also features a programmable low
as static and dynamic acceleration. Static pass filter. Thus the output voltages can be read
acceleration includes the orientation with directly by the ADC and processed accordingly.
respect to earth and dynamic acceleration The voltages on the X and Z axes are
involves movement and vibration. measured directly with a single ADC by
Microprocessors with some external multiplexing the input ports. The accelerometer has
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International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development; Vol. II Issue II August 2015
www.ijesird.com e-ISSN: 2349-6185

an internal low pass filter and thus it is not IV.HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

implemented in PSoC. The block diagram of the
system is shown in fig. GPS module:- L10 GPS Protocol is being used in
this work. The version of the protocol is v1.01. L10
is full featured module with super sensitivity while
low power consumption and compact size. It
supports location and navigation applications and
could be widely used for tracing, tracking and
telemetry GIS applications and security etc. In our
work we are using the GPS module to find out the
latitude and longitude of particular location where
the tilt and vibration is occurred. Serial
communication block UART is used to interface the
PsoC module and GPS module. NMEA standard
supports the controlling and configuration of L10
Fig 3: Interfacing of 3 Axes accelerometer with PSoC
GPS module. We extract the latitude and longitude
from standard GPS data frame. Latitude and
The output of the ADC block can be longitude are mentioned in degree and minutes
processed using digital blocks, displayed using an format.
LCD module, or transmitted using the UART, I2C,
or SPI digital communication modules available in GSM module:- In our project we are using SIM900
this chip. The example project makes use of I2C GSM module. We are sending the messages of
UM and transfers the data via the external I2C-USB excess tilt and earthquake detection through this
Bridge hardware. The output is then plotted using GSM module. SIM900 provides frequency bands of
the Cypress I2C-USB Bridge software. 850/900/1800/1900 MHz for voice, SMS, data and
fax. We are using AT command interface. The
interface available with SIM900 are SPI, serial
interface, I2C, GPIO, PWM and ADC.

3-Axes Accelerometer:- The sensor MMA7620QT

is used as gravitational sensor. It is having two
logic inputs g-select1 and g-select-2. By these two
logic inputs it is operated in four modes with
different sensitivities. Those four modes are 1.5g,
2g, 4g, 6g. Sleep mode, filtering and ratiometricity
are some of the features provided by this sensor.
The output is in the form of accelerations along the
3-Axes X, Y and Z i.e Xout, Yout and Zout. These
outputs are interfaced with PsoC module through
RC filtering. Thus we calculate the acceleration
along the three axes and decide the gravitational
constants.

4. PsoC module:- Architecture PsoC 4 module is

Fig. 4: Hardware Set-up used for this project and the chip is CY8C4245AXI
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International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development; Vol. II Issue II August 2015
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by Cypress Semiconductors. This chip belongs to V.SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

4200 family. PsoC 4 is a scalable and
reconfigurable platform architecture for a family of PSoC Creator:- PSoC Creator is a free Windows-
mixed-signal programmable embedded system based Integrated Design Environment (IDE). It
controllers with an ARM Cortex-M0 CPU. It enables concurrent hardware and firmware design
combines programmable and reconfigurable analog of PSoC 3, PSoC 4, and PSoC 5LP based systems.
and digital blocks with flexible automatic routing. Create designs using classic, familiar schematic
The PSoC 4200 product family, based on this capture supported by over 100 pre-verified,
platform, is a combination of a microcontroller with production-ready PSoC Components; we can see
digital programmable logic, high-performance the list of component datasheets. Figure 5 shows the
analog-to-digital conversion, opamps with system design with PSoC creator.
Comparator mode, and standard communication
and timing peripherals. The PSoC 4200 products
will be fully upward compatible with members of
the PSoC 4 platform for new applications and
design needs. The programmable analog and digital
sub-systems allow flexibility and in-field tuning of
the design. Provides up to 32 kB of flash with Read
Accelerator up to 4 kB of SRAM. 32-bit MCU
subsystem, programmable digital, programmable
analog low power operation, capacitive sensing,
segment LCD drive, serial communication, timing
and pulse width modulation, upto 36 programmable
GPIOs, PsoC creator design environment are some
of the special features. Fig.4 shows the block
diagram of PSoC 4 architecture.

Fig 6. Designing system with PSoC creator

With PSoC Creator, we can:

1. Drag and drop component icons to build your
hardware
system design in the main design workspace.
2. Co design your application firmware with the
PSoC hardware, using the PSoC Creator IDE C
compiler.
3. Configure components using the configuration
tools.
4. Explore the library of 100+ components.
5. Review component datasheets.

VI .EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Response time of the circuit is very low.

Fig.5. Block Diagram of PSoC 4 architecture.
And the system is more reliable because of use of
GSM module. When the reference voltage along Z-

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International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Research & Development; Vol. II Issue II August 2015
www.ijesird.com e-ISSN: 2349-6185

axis is more than or equal to 0.8 volts then the monitoring. When any movement is sensed at
excess tilt will be detected. And when the reference particular location then the message regarding the
voltage along X-axis is more than or equal to 1.8 movement is received on the mobile phone.
volts then the earthquake is detected. Message will be received for excess tilt and
As soon as the movement of the sensor is detected, earthquake with the latitude and longitude of the
we can receive the results on our mobile through location.
GSM module on our mobile. We have connected Safety issues of bridge engineering are closely
the GPS module to receive the latitude and related to the people's safety of lives and properties.
longitude of particular location where excess tilt Bridge accidents occur frequently, so new idea or
and vibration is taking place. new mechanism must be introduced into
Thus the safety of bridges can be obtained. management system to improve bridge security, and
If the original position of the bridge is changed then to protect the safety of public possessions and
because of heavier traffic then the tilt is detected. lives, which is the uppermost aim.
We will come to know whether the bridge is safe or
not for use.
Even for the huge machines in the factories
this type of safety can be obtained. We will come to REFERENCES
know whether that machine is tilted from its
original position or not. So that workers working [1] Wen-Tsai Sung, Chia-Cheng Hsu.: „Intelligent
around that machine can be aware. environment monitoring system based on Innovative
Experimental results are obtained as follows: Integration Technology via Programmable System On Chip
platform and ZigBee network’ (IET Communications,
2013) (Institution of Engineering and Technology) E-mail:
[email protected] Published in IET Communications
[2] C. Semiconductor, “Programmable System-on-Chip,”
http://www.cypress.com/psoc/.
[3] Qiu D., Gao L.: „Application of virtual reality technology
in bridge structure safety monitoring’. Int. Conf. on
Computer and Information Application (ICCIA), 2010
[4] Thiesse F., Michahelles F.: „Embedded interaction
interacting with the internet of things’ (IEEE Computer
Society, 2010)
[5] Rong Liu:„The Analysis and Design of Urban Bridge
Safety Early-warning Management System’ Proceedings of
the 2010 IEEE IEEM
[6] www.sensorembedded.com

Fig.7: Experimental Results

VII CONCLUSION
This paper employed a CY8C4245AXI
development module with chip number
CY8C4245AXI-483 to establish a tilt and vibration

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