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Grad R R

1. The document provides proofs for various vector and tensor analysis identities involving operators like grad, div, and their relations to constants like n, k, a and c. 2. It proves identities such as grad r = r/r^2, div f = grad dot f, and expressions involving del of logarithmic, exponential and power functions. 3. The proofs involve manipulating the operators and constants in terms of unit vectors and differentiating or integrating expressions.

Uploaded by

Joe Dare
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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434 views7 pages

Grad R R

1. The document provides proofs for various vector and tensor analysis identities involving operators like grad, div, and their relations to constants like n, k, a and c. 2. It proves identities such as grad r = r/r^2, div f = grad dot f, and expressions involving del of logarithmic, exponential and power functions. 3. The proofs involve manipulating the operators and constants in terms of unit vectors and differentiating or integrating expressions.

Uploaded by

Joe Dare
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Assignment Vector and Tensor Analysis



Problem 2. Prove that where n, k and a are constants.

a. grad r
r
=
r
:

2 2 2
1 2 3
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3
1 2 3
3 1 2
1 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 1 2 2
2 2 2
1 2 3
2 2 2
2 2 2
1
grad r x x x
i i i x x x
x x x
x x x i x x x i x x x i
x x x
x x x
i i i
x x x x x x x x x
x i x i
x x x
= V + +
| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
| | c c c
= + + + + + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
= + +
+ + + + + +
| |
| = +
|
+ +
\ .
( )
3 3
x i
grad r
r
+
=
r


b.
2 n n
grad r nr

= r :
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3
1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1
2 2 2
2 2 2
n
n
n n n
n n n
grad r i i i x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x x
i i i
x x x
n x x x x n x x x x n x x x x
i i
x x x x x x x

| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
| |
c + + c + + c + +
|
= + +
|
c c c
|
\ .
+ + + + + +
= + +
+ + + +
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
2 2 2
2 3
1
2 2 2
1 2 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2
1 2 3
2
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
2
n
n
n
i
x x
n x x x
x i x i x i
x x x
n x x x x i x i x i
nr

+ +
| |
+ +
|
= + +
|
+ +
|
\ .
= + + + +
= r



c.
3
k k
grad
r r
= r :
2

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2 3
2 2 2
1 2 3
1 2 3
1/ 2
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
3/ 2
2 2 2
1 2 3 1
2
2
k k
grad i i i
r x x x
x x x
i i i k x x x
x x x
k x x x k x x x k x x x
i i i
x x x
k
x x x x

| |
| | c c c
| = + +
|
|
c c c
+ + \ .
\ .
| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
| |
c + + c + + c + +
|
= + +
|
c c c
|
\ .
|
= + +

\
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3/ 2 3/ 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 3
3/ 2
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 3
2 2 2
1 2 3
3
2 2
2 2
k k
i x x x x i x x x x i
k x x x x i x i x i
k
x i x i x i
x x x
k
r

| | | | |
+ + + + + +
| | |
. \ . \ .
= + + + +
(
(
= + +
(
+ + (

= r

d.
2
ln grad r
r
=
r
:

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
3 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1
2
1
ln ln
ln ln ln
2 2 2
2 2 2
grad r i i i x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x x
i i i
x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x x
i i i
x x x x x x x x x
x
x
| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
c + + c + + c + +
= + +
c c c
+ + + + + +
= + +
+ + + + + +
=
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3 2
1 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2
1 2 3
2
x x
i i i
x x x x x x x x
x i x i x i
x x x
r
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ +
=
+ +
=
r




e. ( ) ( ) ' grad r r
r
=
r
:
3

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
' ' '
'
'
grad r i i i r
x x x
r r r
i i i
x x x
r x r x r x
i i i
r r r
r
x i x i x i
r
r
r


| | c c c
= + +
|
c c c
\ .
c c c
= + +
c c c
= + +
= + +
=
r


f.
( ) grad = a r a:

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
grad i i i a x a x a x
x x x
a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x
i i i
x x x
a i a i a i
| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
c + + c + + c + +
= + +
c c c
= + +
=
a r
a

g.

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ' r
grad r r
r

= + (

r
a r a a r
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2
1 1 2
' '
grad r i i i a x a x a x r
x x x
a x a x a x r a x a x a x r a x a x a x r
i i i
x x x
a x a x a x r x a x a x a x r x
a r i a r
r r




| | c c c
= + + + + (
|

c c c
\ .
c + + c + + c + + ( ( (

= + +
c c c
+ + + + (
= + + +
(

a r
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
| |
( )| |
( ) ( )
| |
( ) ( )
( )
2
1 1 2 2 3 3 3
3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
'
'
'
'
i
a x a x a x r x
a r i
r
a x a x a x r
a r i a r i a r i x i x i x i
r
a x a x a x r
r a i a i a i x i x i x i
r
r
r
r

(
(

+ + (
+
(

+ +
= + + + + + (

+ +
= + + + + +
= +
r
a a r

Problem 3: Prove that .where n, k, a and c are constants.

4

a. 3 div = r :

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 1 1
3
div x i x i x i
x x x
x x x
x x x
| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
c c c | |
= + +
|
c c c
\ .
= + +
=
r


b.
( ) 3 div k k = r :

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
3
div k kx i kx i kx i
x x x
kx kx k x
x x x
k k k
k
| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
c c c
= + +
c c c
= + +
=
r


c.
3
0 div
r
=
r
:

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3 1 2
1 2 3 3 3 3 3
1 2 3
3 3 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
3/ 2 3/ 2 3/ 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
5/ 2 5/
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3
3 3
2 2
2
x x x
div i i i
r x x x r r r
x r x r x r
x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x x




| | c c c | |
= + + + +
| |
c c c
\ .
\ .
c c c
= + +
c c c
c + + c + + c + +
= + +
c c c
(
= + + + + +
(

r
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 5/ 2
2 2 2
2 1 1 2 3 3
3/ 2 3/ 2 3/ 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
5/ 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
5/ 2
2 2 2
1 2 3
3
2
2 2
3 3
0
0
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x

( (
+ + +
( (

+ + + + + + + + +
(
= + + + + + + +

= + +
=




d.
( ) 3
n n
divr n r = + r :

5

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 3 3
1 2 3
/ 2 / 2 / 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 2
2 2
2 2
n n n
n
n n n
n n
div r x x x x i x x x x i x x x x i
x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x
n n
x x x x x x x x x x

| | c c c
(
= + + + + + + + + + +
|
(
c c c

\ .
c + + c + + c + +
= + +
c c c
(
= + + + + +
(

r
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
2 2 2
2
3 1 2 3 3
/ 2 / 2 / 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 3
/ 2
2 2 2
1 2 3
1
2 2 2 2
2
1 2 3 1
2
2
3
n
n n n
n n n
n
n
n
x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
nx x x x nx x x x nx x x x
x x x
n x x x x

( (
+ + +
( (

+ + + + + + + + +
( ( (
= + + + + + + + +
( ( (

+ + +
(
= + + +
(

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
/ 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 3 1 2 3
/ 2 / 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
/ 2
2 2 2
1 2 3
3
3
3
3
n
n n
n
n
x x x x x
n x x x x x x
n x x x
n r
+ + + +
= + + + + +
= + + +
= +


e.
( ) ( ) ( ) 3 ' div r r r r = + (

r :

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
3 1 2
1 2 3
2 2 2
1 2 2
2
' ' '
3 '
3 '
3 '
div r r x i r x i r x i
x x x
r x r x r x
x x x
x x x
r r r x r x r x r
r r r
x x x
r r
r
r
r r
r
r r r






| | c c c
= + + + + (
|

c c c
\ .
c c c
= + +
c c c
= + + + + +
( + +
= +
(

(
= +
(

= +
r





f.
( )
2 n n
divr nr

= c r c :

6

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
/ 2 / 2 / 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1
2 2 2
2
1 1 2 3 1 2
2
2 2
n n n n
n n n
n n n
n n n
n
div r r c i r c i r c i
x x x
r c r c r c
x x x
r r r
c c c
x x x
x x x x x x x x x
c c c
x x x
n n
c x x x x c

| | c c c
= + + + +
|
c c c
\ .
c c c
= + +
c c c
c c c
= + +
c c c
c + + c + + c + +
= + +
c c c
| | |
= + + +
|
\ .
c
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
1 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 3
2
2 2 2
2
1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
2
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
2
2 2
2
n n
n
n
n
n
x x x x c x x x x
n x x x c x c x c x
n x x x c x c x c x
nr

| | |
+ + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
= + + + +
= + + + +
= r c


g.
( ) 0 div = r c :

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3
1 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 1
1 2 3
2 3 3 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 1
1 2 3
0 0 0
0
div
x x x
i r c r c i r c r c i r c r c
x x x
r c r c r c r c r c r c
x x x
| | c c c
= + +
|
c c c
\ .
| | c c c
= + + + + (
|

c c c
\ .
c c c
= + +
c c c
= + +
=
r c r c


h.
( ) ( ) 4 div = (

r r c c r :

( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2
4 4 4
4
div x i x i x i x c x c x c
x c x x c x x c i x x c x c x x c i x x c x x c x c i
x c x c x c x c x c x c x c x c x c
x c x c x c
x c x c x c
= V + + + + ( (

(
= V + + + + + + + +

= + + + + + + + +
= + +
= + +
r r c
( ) 4 = c r

i.
( ) ( ) div div = = ( (

a r c c a r a c :

7

( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
div a i a i a i x c x c x c
x a c x a c x a c i x a c x a c x a c i x a c x a c x a c i
a c a c a c
= V + + + + ( (

= V + + + + + + + + (

= + +
=
a r c
a c


( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
div c i c i c i x a x a x a
x a c x a c x a c i x a c x a c x a c i x a c x a c x a c i
a c a c a c
= V + + + + ( (

= V + + + + + + + + (

= + +
=
c a r
a c

j.
( ) 2 div = (

r a c a c :

( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 2 1 1
{
div
a i a i a i x c x c x c x i x i x i a c a c a c
x a c x a c x a c i x a c x a c x a c i x a c x a c x a c i
x a c x a c x a c i x a c x
= V ( (

= V + + + + + + + + (

= V + + + + + + + + (

+ + + +
r a c a r c r a c
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2
2
2
} a c x a c i x a c x a c x a c i
a c a c a c a c a c a c a c a c a c a c a c a c
a c a c a c
a c a c a c
+ + + + (

= + +
=
= + +
= a c

k.
( ) 2 div = (

r a r a r :

( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 3
2 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
{
div
a i a i a i x x x x i x i x i a x a x a x
x a x a x a c i x a x a x a i x a x a x a i
x a x a x x a x i x a x x a x a x
= V ( (

(
= V + + + + + + + +

(
= V + + + + + + + +

+ + + + +
r a r a r r r a r
( )
( )
2
2 3 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
} i x a x x a x x a i
a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x
a x a x a x
a x a x a x
(
+ + +

= + +
=
= + +
= a r

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