SCIENCE

1ST QUARTER

PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF

MATTER
“ WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS ?”
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson learners will be able to:
1. Name the basic properties of all kinds of matter
2. Measure mass and volume
3. differentiate between mass and weight
4. Determine properties preen in certain groups of
solid
5. Identify properties that make solid, liquid, and gas
different from from one another.
 MATTER Scie4

Matter is anything that has mass and

takes up or occupies space .
It is made up of particles.
⚫ Particle- the tiny building blocks that
makes up matter.
Examples: Stone, chair, table, book, house , water, milk
air, etc.
Three states of Matter

Hard or soft wet No definite shape, odorless,

cannot be seen
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Why are properties of matter essential
or important?
⚫ They are important because they are useful in
describing and grouping all kinds of matter,
since all matters have several characteristics and
each has a set of properties.
⚫ Property – is a distinguishing quality of an object
made of matter.

• Scie4
⚫ Properties of solid matter such as color, odor, and
taste of objects do not depend on the amount of
matter. They are called special properties of
matter. this is called special properties of matter.
Properties of solid matter that distinguished the
amount of matter are:
length, height, volume, and size.

Scie4
⚫P
 Classification of matter according to
their properties:
1. POROSITY
2.DENSITY
3. BUOYANCY
4. BIODEGRADABILTY
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 POROSITY

It is a property/ characteristics of
a material that lets it absorb
water and other liquids, like
milk,& juice.
 Two types of Porosity
1. Porous materials
 Absorption
⚫ Absorption is the process of taking
liquids through minutes pores of a
substance.
⚫ The materials that absorb liquids are
called absorbent materials or porous.
Non absorbent or Non-porous
materials
POROSITY
Science fact:
⚫ A diaper can absorb and retain wetness because it has
super absorbent polymer (SAP). The SAP is a crystal
–like substance with sand-like texture. It absorbs
moisture and turns it into gel to prevent leaking and to
keep the skin dry.
 Capillarity
⚫ the tendency of a liquid in a capillary tube
or absorbent material to rise or fall as a
result of surface tension.= are the forces that
attract liquid molecules.
⚫ The ability of liquid to pass through a small
fine tube.
Science fact:
⚫ The narrower the tube, the higher the liquid
rises.
Examples of capillarity:
 Capillary action
⚫ Capillary action- it is the ability of a liquid
to flow in narrow spaces without the
assistance of, or even in opposition to,
external forces like gravity. Or the ability of
a liquid to move through a solid.
⚫ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OgcPI7S8_o
⚫ Science Mom’s guide to water
⚫ Just click & shade the link then copy to Google then open this link
 2. DENSITY
DENSITY = is a word we use to describe how
much space an object or substance takes up
(its volume) in relation to the amount of
matter in that object or substance (its mass).
Another way to put it is that density is the
amount of mass per unit of volume.
If an object is heavy and compact, it has a
high density.
⚫ https://www.indypl.org/blog/for-kids/science-experiment-density-buoyancy
 What is MASS?
⚫Mass = is the amount of matter.
⚫ This amount can be measured by
kilogram or gram.
Mass can be measured using the
balance scale, and other tool.
 WHAT IS MASS?

• Mass = is the amount or quantity of matter or

substance in an object or a material.
• This amount can be measured by the
following unit of weight: kilogram(kg) or
gram (g)
• Mass can be measured using the balance
scale or triple beam balance digital flat form
weighing scale, spring balance

•
Some Tools to measure mass:
 Weight
⚫ Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an
object.
It is a measure of how the force of gravity acts upon
that mass. The unit to express weight is Newton.
Newton is named after a great physicist, Sir Isaac
Newton.
⚫ The stronger the pull of gravity on an object is, the
greater the object’s weight becomes.

⚫ Video link: difference bet mass & weight

⚫ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQmCFUvxYQg
 What is Volume?
⚫
⚫Volume = it is the space occupied
by an object.
ow to determine volume of an object:
H
You can determine the :
a.) VOLUME OF REGULAR SOLID
OBJECTS
b.) VOLUME OF LIQUID
C.) VOLUME OF ODD or IRREGULAR
OBJECT
But How?
Volume of Regular solid object
⚫ is the product of the length, width, and height of
object.
⚫ It is express in cubic centimeter (cm³) or cubic
meter (m³) inch (in³)
Formula to get volume of regular solid
Ex. (BOX)
Volume (V) = Length(L) x Width(W) x Height(H)
All you have to do is to multiple the three sides.
Example of getting the volume of a rectangular object.

What is the volume of a box with a length of 150 cm,

width of 50 cm. and length 100 cm. ?
Formula :
(Volume) V= (Length) L x (Width) W x (Height) H
V= L x W x H
= (150 x 50) x 100
= 7 500 cm x 100 W= 50 cm
= 750,000 cm³
L= 150 cm

H= 100 cm
How to get the volume of a square box:

⚫ If the sides of the box measures 6 cm each , what is

its volume of the box?
⚫ Formula: V= Side L x Side W x Side H
V= (6 cm x 6 cm) x 6 cm
W= 6 cm V= 36 cm x 6 cm
V = 216 cm3
L= 6 cm

H = 6 cm
 Volume of liquid
A graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of
liquid.
 How to determine the volume of liquid
in a graduated cylinder?

The surface of the graduated cylinder is curved.

This curve is called MENISCUS. The line that
corresponds to the meniscus is the volume of the
liquid.
For liquids that appear deep at the center like
water, read the lower meniscus.
 Meniscus
Note : Determine the meniscus at eye level
Another Example of Meniscus:
 BUOYANCY
Buoyancy is the tendency of an object to float
or rise when put in a liquid.
The buoyancy of an object is affected by the
buoyant force exerted on it.
Buoyant force is the upward push exerted by a
liquid, like water, on an object.
⚫ (Discuss the volume of irregular object in connection to buoyancy)
Volume of Irregular or Odd Objects
⚫ The volume of irregular objects, like ring or stone is
determined by water displacement.
⚫ In fluid mechanics, displacement occurs when an
object is largely immersed in a fluid, pushing it out
of the way and taking its place.
⚫ In the case of an object that floats, the amount of
fluid displaced will be equal in weight to the
displacing object.
Procedure in determining volume
of irregular object
⚫ 1st – measure the initial volume ( Ví) of water
inside the cylinder, the record it.
⚫ 2nd – then carefully immerse the object into the
water, then record it as the final volume(Vf)
⚫ 3rd – Get the difference between the initial
volume(Vi) reading and the final volume(Vf)
reading of water.
⚫ The difference or the answer is the volume of the
irregular solid object
FORMULA ON HOW TO GET THE
VOLUME OF SOLID IRREGULAR OBJECT
 Formula:
⚫ Final volume – initial volume = volume of
irregular object
V0 = Vf – Vi
= 9 ml - 7 ml
= 2 ml
 Density of an object/substance
The density of a substance determines whether it will
float or sink in water or another liquid
Science fact: :
Consider two objects with the same mass.
The object with less space has greater density
and
The object that takes up the bigger space is less
dense than the other, then object float.
 Density formula
Reminder:
The unit for density is gram per milliliter ( g/mL³) or
gram per cubic centimeter (g/ cm³).
⚫ * gram stands for mass
* centimeter or milliliter stands for volume
Density = Mass (g)
Volume (cm³)
D= m/v
 Densities of some Substances
SUBSTANCE Density (g/cm³) SUBSTANCE Density (g/cm³)
Air 0.0013 Water 1.00
Balsa wood 0.13 Aluminum 2.70
Cork 0.24 Lead 11.30
Gasoline 0.68 Mercury 13.60
Ice 0.92 Gold 19.30

Lets try :
1. Why does ice float on water? (base on chart above)
* The density of ice is 0.92 g/cm³ while the density of water is 1.00 g/cm³
So the ice is less dense than water, hence it will float.

2. Will a gold ring float or sink when dropped in water?

* The density of gold is 19.30 g/cm³ higher than the water density which is only
1.00 g/cm³ hence the gold will sink.
How to get the density of an object
⚫ Formula: example
Density =g/cm³
Object 1: O:bject 2
Mass = 20 g Volume = 5 cm³ Mass = 20 g Volume = 25 cm³

Density = 20 g Density = 20 g
5 cm³ 25 cm³
= 4 g/cm³ = 0.8 g/cm³

The object has greater density than The object is less dense than water
water (1.00g/cm³) – so it will sink So this object float
 BIODEGRADABILTY
⚫It is capable of decaying
through the action of living
organisms.
 BOIDEGRADABLE & NON
BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS
⚫ Why do we classify materials as
biodegradable or non biodegradable?
⚫ Everyday materials are classified as
being biodegradable or non-biodegradable
, and this classification tells you if
the material in question will decompose.
 Biodegradable materials
⚫ Biodegradable materials will decompose
under certain weather, water, and oxygen
conditions over a relatively short period of
time, such as months to a few years, & it gives
bad odor.
⚫ These materials include organic matter such as
food scraps, plant trimmings, paper, wood and
grass clippings
Benefits of biodegradable Materials:
= It helps make the soil fertile.
How it helps?:
The decomposers, which are microorganisms
(such as bacteria, enzymes, & fungi) that cause
biodegradable materials to decay, it breakdown
biodegradable waste, then they return the
nutrients to the soil.
EXAMPLES OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS
 NON-BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS
⚫ Non-biodegradable materials do not decompose over
a short period of time. Materials such as plastics, glass
bottles and metals will often remain completely intact
in the environment for many years. In fact, items like
glass bottles may never biodegrade.
⚫ It may become toxic and if not may cause pollution if
not properly stored or disposed of.
⚫ These may destroy the environment and harm living
organisms.
Example of non-biodegradable materials
 Science fact:
⚫ Why glass bottle may never degrade?

⚫ Because its life cycle is so long, and because glass doesn't

leach any chemicals, it's better to repurpose and reuse it
over and over again before recycling it.

⚫ Landfill – is a place where garbage collected from the

community are dumped by the government.
 Decaying Time of Materials
Materials Estimated Materials Estimated
time of decay time of decay

1. Banana peel 2 months 8. Steel can 100 years

2. Notebook paper 3 months 9. Aluminum can 350 years
3. Comic book 6 months 10. Plastic bag 400 years
4. wool 1 year 11. Plastic six pack ring 450 years
5. Milk cartoon 5 years 12. Polysterene foam cup maybe never
6. Wooden bat 20 years 13. Car tire maybe never
7. Leather gloves 40 years 14. Glass bottle maybe never
 Causes and Effects of Decay
⚫ The process of decay is caused by bacteria,
enzymes, and fungi. They eat and decompose dead
organic materials that are left exposed in air.
The decay or decomposition process produces bad
odor and certain gases, including ammonia and
hydrogen sulfide.
Vocabulary:
⚫ Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the
formula H. S. It is a colorless chalcogen hydride gas with
the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. It is very
poisonous, corrosive or can cause rust, and flammable.
⚫ Ammonia is a colorless gas with a characteristic
pungent or strong smell. It dissolves in water to give
a strongly alkaline solution.
⚫ a solution of ammonia, used as a cleaning fluid.
Ways to help control decay of matter
⚫ Food preservation can be defined as the process
of treating and handling food in such a way as to
stop or greatly slow down spoilage and prevent
foodborne illness while maintaining nutritional
value, texture and flavor.
⚫ Foodborne illness is caused by consuming contaminated foods or
beverages.
⚫ Example of food preservation: drying, refrigeration/
freezing, vacuum packing, salting/curing , smoking,
preservatives, pickling, canning.
Science fact:
⚫ Ammonia is corrosive or decompose. ... Exposure to
high concentrations of ammonia in air causes
immediate burning of the eyes, nose, throat and
respiratory tract and can result in blindness, lung
damage or death. Inhalation of lower
concentrations can cause coughing, and nose and
throat irritation.
 Healthy reminders & tips:
* Spoiled food should not be eaten anymore.
Spoiled food can be identified to have an awful smell, molds grow on
breads and fruits. Can goods with bulging top contains spoiled food.
* Food poisoning happens when you eat spoiled food.
It may cause vomiting, stomach pain, cramps, or diarrhea or even
cause death.
* Decaying wastes should be properly disposed. They can be breeding
grounds of cockroaches, rats, and mosquitoes, which carry diseases
such as leptospirosis, dengue,, and malaria.
* Bury decaying matter in the ground, this way, the soil becomes fertile
when the material decays.
WAYS FOR ZERO WASTE