LAB No.

6
CREATING AND EDITING SPREAD SHEET

IN MICROSOFT EXCEL

PRE LAB TASK

Objectives:

 To make Excel worksheet.

 To edit Excel sheet.

Introduction:

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program included in the Microsoft Office suite of

applications. Spreadsheets present tables of values arranged in rows and columns that can be
manipulated mathematically using both basic and complex arithmetic operations and functions.

Theory:
How to Start and Exit Excel 2010

Microsoft Office Excel 2010 provides several methods for starting and exiting the program. You
can open Excel by using the Start menu or a desktop shortcut. When you want to exit Excel, you
can do so by using the File tab, the Close button, or a keyboard shortcut.

Starting Excel 2010 From The Start Menu

To start Excel 2010 from the Windows Start menu, choose Start→All Programs→Microsoft
Office→Microsoft Excel 2010. A new, blank workbook appears, ready for you to enter data. Fig
1.
 Fig 1

Excel 2010 displays a new, blank workbook when you start the program.

Pinning Excel 2010 To The Start Menu

If you use Excel all the time, you may want to make its program option a permanent part of the
Windows Start menu.

Follow these steps to pin Excel 2010 to the Start menu:

a. Click the Start button and then right-click Microsoft Excel 2010 on the Start menu to
open its shortcut menu.

If you don’t see Microsoft Excel 2010 displayed on the recently used portion on the left
side of the Windows Start menu, start Excel 2010 and then repeat this step.

Click Pin to Start Menu on the shortcut menu.

After pinning Excel to the Start menu, the Microsoft Excel 2010 option always appears in the left
column of the Start menu and you can then launch Excel by clicking the Start button and then
clicking this option.

Creating an Excel 2010 Desktop Shortcut

You may prefer having the Excel 2010 program icon appear on the Windows desktop so that you
can launch the program from there.

To create an Excel 2010 desktop shortcut, follow these steps:

1. Choose Start → All Programs →Microsoft Office.

2. Right-click Microsoft Excel 2010, highlight Send to on the shortcut menu, and click
Desktop (Create Shortcut) on its continuation menu.

A shortcut named Microsoft Excel 2010 appears on your desktop. You can rename the
shortcut to something shorter, such as Excel 2010.

3. Right-click the Microsoft Excel 2010 icon on the desktop and then click Rename on the
shortcut menu.

4. Replace the current name by typing a new shortcut name, such as Excel 2010, and then
click anywhere on the desktop.

Exiting Excel 2010

When you’re ready to quit Excel, you have several choices for shutting down the program:

 Choose File→Exit.

 Press Alt+F4.

 Click the Close button (the X) in the upper-right corner of the Excel 2010 program window.

If you try to exit Excel after working on a workbook and you haven’t saved your latest changes,
Excel displays an alert box asking whether you want to save your changes. To save your changes
before exiting, click the Save button. If you don’t want to save your changes, click Don't Save.
IDE of MS Excel

An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that provides

comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally
consists of a source code editor, build automation tools and a debugger. Most modern IDEs have
a completion. Integrated development environments are designed to maximize programmer
productivity by providing tight-knit components with similar user interfaces.

i. IDEs present a single program in which all development is done. This program typically
provides many features for authoring, modifying, compiling, deploying and debugging
software. This contrasts with software development using unrelated tools, such
as vi, GCC or make.

ii. One aim of the IDE is to reduce the configuration necessary to piece together multiple
development utilities, instead providing the same set of capabilities as a cohesive unit.
Reducing that setup time can increase developer productivity, in cases where learning to
use the IDE is faster than manually integrating all of the individual tools. Fig 2
 Fig 2
How to Move Around an Excel Worksheet

You can move around a Microsoft Excel worksheet using the cell cursor (also called the active
cell indicator). The cell cursor is the dark outline around the active cell. To change which cell is
active, you can do either of the following: Fig 3
 Fig 3

 With your mouse: Click the cell you want to be active.

 From the keyboard: Press one of the arrow keys on the keyboard to move the cell cursor
one cell at a time in the direction the arrow is pointing until you reach the cell you want to
be active.

The following table provides more shortcuts for moving the cell cursor within a worksheet.

Press This . . . To Move . . .

Arrow keys One cell in the direction of the arrow

Tab One cell to the right

Shift+Tab One cell to the left

Ctrl+any To the edge of the current data region in a worksheet (the first or last cell that
arrow key isn’t empty)

End To the cell in the lower-right corner of the window(This works only when the
Scroll Lock key has been pressed on your keyboard to turn on the Scroll Lock
function.)

Ctrl+End To the last cell in the worksheet, in the lowest used row of the rightmost used
column

Home To the beginning of the row containing the active cell

Ctrl+Home To the beginning of the worksheet (cell A1)

Page Down One screen down (The cell cursor moves, too.)

Alt+Page One screen to the right

Down

Ctrl+Page To the next sheet in the workbook

Down

Page Up One screen up(The cell cursor moves, too.)

Alt+Page Up One screen to the left

Ctrl+Page Up To the previous sheet in the workbook

Edit Cell Contents

You can edit the contents of a cell directly in the cell. You can also edit the contents of a cell by
typing in the formula bar. When you edit the contents of a cell, Excel is operating in Edit mode.
Some Excel features work differently or are unavailable in Edit mode.

 When Excel is in Edit mode, the word Edit appears in the lower-left corner of the Excel
program window, as shown in the following illustration.

How Does Excel Operate Differently in Edit Mode?

In Edit mode, many commands are unavailable. For example, when Excel is in Edit mode, you
cannot apply conditional formatting or change the alignment of the contents of a cell. Also, the
arrow keys behave somewhat differently when Excel is in Edit mode. Instead of moving the
cursor from cell to cell, in Edit mode, the arrow keys move the cursor around in the cell.

Enable or Disable Edit Mode

If you try to use Edit mode and nothing happens, it might be disabled. You can enable or disable
Edit mode by changing an Excel option.

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , click Excel Options, and then click
the Advanced category.
 2. Under Editing options, do one of the following:

 To enable Edit mode, select the Allow editing directly in cells check box.

 To disable Edit mode, clear the Allow editing directly in cells check box.

Enter Edit Mode

To start working in Edit mode, do one of the following:

 Double-click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit.

 This starts Edit mode and positions the cursor in the cell in the location that you double-
clicked. The cell contents are also displayed in the formula bar.

 Click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit, and then click anywhere in the
formula bar.

 This starts Edit mode and positions the cursor in the formula bar at the location that you
clicked.

 Click the cell that contains the data that you want to edit, and then press F2.

 This starts Edit mode and positions the cursor at the end of the cell contents.

Insert, Delete, Or Replace Cell Contents

To insert characters, click in the cell where you want to insert them, and then type the new
characters.
To delete characters, click in the cell where you want to delete them, and then press
BACKSPACE, or select the characters and then press DELETE.

To replace specific characters, select them and then type the new characters.

To turn on Overtype mode so that existing characters are replaced by new characters while you
type, press INSERT.

NOTE Overtype mode can be turned on or off only when you are in Edit mode. When
Overtype mode is turned on, the character to the right of the insertion point is highlighted in the
formula bar, and it will be overwritten when you type.

 To start a new line of text at a specific point in a cell, click in the where you want to
break the line, and then press ALT+ENTER.

Cancel or Undo Edits

Before you press ENTER or TAB, and before or after you press F2, you can press ESC to cancel
any edits that you made to the cell contents.

After you press ENTER or TAB, you can undo your edits by pressing CTRL+Z, or by

clicking Undo on the Quick Access Toolbar.

Adjust The Way Cell Contents Are Displayed

After you edit cell contents, you may want to adjust the way they are displayed.

 At times, a cell might display #####. This can occur when the cell contains a number or a
date and the width of its column cannot display all the characters that its format requires.
 For example, suppose a cell with the Date format "mm/dd/yyyy" contains 12/31/2007.
However, the column is only wide enough to display six characters. The cell will
display #####. To see the entire contents of the cell with its current format, you must
increase the width of the column.

Change The Width of a Column

a) Click the cell for which you want to change the column width.

b) On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format.

 Under Cell Size, do one of the following:

 To fit all text in the cell, click AutoFit Column Width.

 To specify a larger column width, click Column Width, and then type the width that you
want in the Column width box.

NOTE As an alternative to increasing the width of a column, you can change the format of that
column or even an individual cell. For example, you could change the date format so that a date
is displayed as only the month and day ("mm/dd" format), such as 12/31, or represent a number
in a Scientific (exponential) format, such as 4E+08.

If there are multiple lines of text in a cell, some of the text might not be displayed the way that
you want. You can display multiple lines of text inside a cell by wrapping the text.
NOTE When Excel is in Edit mode, you cannot change the way text wraps.

Wrap text in a cell

a) Click the cell in which you want to wrap the text.

b) On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click Wrap Text.

NOTE If the text is a single long word, the characters won't wrap; you can widen the column or
decrease the font size to see all the text. If not all text is visible in the cell after you wrap the text,
you may need to adjust the height of the row.

On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click Format, and then under Cell Size click AutoFit
Row.

Exit Edit Mode

To stop working in Edit mode, do one of the following:

 Press ENTER.

Excel exits Edit mode and selects the cell directly below the current cell.

You can also specify that pressing ENTER select a different adjacent cell.
 a) Click the Microsoft Office Button , click Excel Options, and then click
the Advanced category.

b) Under Editing options, do one of the following:

 To make the selection remain in the cell that you were editing, clear the After pressing
Enter, move selection check box.

 To control the direction of the selection, select the After pressing Enter, move
selection check box, click the arrow next to Direction, and then select a direction from
the list.

 Press TAB.

 This stops Edit mode and selects the cell to the right of the current cell. Pressing
SHIFT+TAB selects the cell to the left.

 Click a different cell.

 Excel exits Edit mode and selects the cell that you clicked.

 Press F2.

Excel exits Edit mode and leaves the cursor where it is.

Fill Data Automatically in Worksheet Cells

Instead of entering data manually on a worksheet, you can use the Auto Fill feature to fill cells
with data that follows a pattern or that is based on data in other cells.
Automatically Repeat Values That Already Exist In The Column

If the first few characters that you type in a cell match an existing entry in that column, Excel
automatically enters the remaining characters for you. Excel automatically completes only those
entries that contain text or a combination of text and numbers. Entries that contain only numbers,
dates, or times are not automatically completed.

After Excel completes what you started typing, do one of the following:

 To accept a proposed entry, press ENTER.

The completed entry exactly matches the pattern of uppercase and lowercase letters of the
existing entry.

 To replace the automatically entered characters, continue typing.

 To delete the automatically entered characters, press BACKSPACE.

 Excel completes an entry only when the cursor is at the end of the current cell contents.

 Excel bases the list of potential AutoComplete entries on the column that contains the
active cell. Entries that are repeated within a row are not automatically completed.

Turn Off Automatic Completion of Cell Values

If you don't want Excel to automatically complete cell values, you can turn off this feature.

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel Options.
 2. Click Advanced, and then under Editing options, clear or select the Enable AutoComplete
for cell values check box to turn automatic completion of cell values on or off.

Use The Fill Handle to Fill Data

To quickly fill in several types of data series, you can select cells and drag the fill handle .
To use the fill handle, you select the cells that you want to use as a basis for filling additional
cells, and then drag the fill handle across or down the cells that you want to fill.

Hide or Display the Fill Handle

By default, the fill handle is displayed, but you can hide it, or show it if it's hidden.

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel Options.

2. Click Advanced, and then under Editing options, clear or select the Enable Fill handle
and cell drag-and-drop check box to hide or show the fill handle.

3. To avoid replacing existing data when you drag the fill handle, make sure that the Alert
before overwriting cells check box is selected. If you don't want to see a message about
overwriting nonblank cells, you can clear this check box.

Use Auto Fill Options to Change How the Selection is Filled

After you drag the fill handle, the Auto Fill Options button appears so that you can change
how the selection is filled. For example, you can choose to fill just cell formats by clicking Fill
Formatting Only, or you can choose to fill just the contents of a cell by clicking Fill Without
Formatting.
Turn Auto Fill Options On or Off

If you don't want to display the Auto Fill Options button every time you drag the fill handle,
you can turn it off. Likewise, if the Auto Fill Options button does not appear when you drag the
fill handle, you might want to turn it on.

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel Options.

2. Click Advanced, and then under Cut, Copy, and Paste, clear the Show Paste Options
buttons check box.

Fill Data into Adjacent Cells by Using the Fill Command

You can use the Fill command to fill the active cell or a selected range with the contents of an

adjacent cell or range, or you can quickly fill adjacent cells by dragging the fill handle .

Fill The Active Cell with The Contents of an Adjacent Cell

1. Select an empty cell that is below, to the right, above, or to the left of the cell that
contains the data that you want to use to fill the empty cell.

2. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Fill, and then click Down, Right, Up,
or Left.
TIP To quickly fill a cell with the contents of an adjacent cell, you can press CTRL+D to fill
from the cell above or CTRL+R to fill from the cell to the left. To fill a cell with the contents of
a cell below it (that is, to fill up), on the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Fill, and then
click Up. To fill a cell with the contents of a cell to the right (fill left), on the Home tab, in
the Editing group, click Fill, and then click Left.

Drag the Fill Handle to Fill Data into Adjacent Cells

1. Select the cells that contain the data that you want to fill into adjacent cells.

2. Drag the fill handle across the cells that you want to fill.

3. To change how you want to fill the selection, click Auto Fill Options , and then click
the option that you want.

NOTE If you drag the fill handle up or to the left of a selection and stop in the selected cells
without going past the first column or the top row in the selection, Excel deletes the data within
the selection. You must drag the fill handle out of the selected area before releasing the mouse
button.

Fill Formulas Into Adjacent Cells

1. Select the cell that contains the formula that you want to fill into adjacent cells.

2. Drag the fill handle across the cells that you want to fill.

3. To choose how you want to fill the selection, click Auto Fill Options , and then click
the option that you want.
NOTE If automatic workbook calculation is not enabled, formulas will not recalculate when
you fill cells. To check your workbook calculation options, do the following:

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , click Excel Options, and then click
the Formulas category.

2. Under Calculation options, look under Workbook Calculation.

 Automatic Formulas automatically recalculate.

 Automatic except for data tables Formulas recalculate, unless the formula is in a data
table.

 Manual Formulas never recalculate automatically.

 Recalculate workbook before saving This option is available only if Workbook

Calculations set to Manual. If this check box is selected, formulas do not automatically
recalculate until you save the workbook. Note that several other actions can cause the
workbook to be saved, such as using the Send to command.

Tips

1. You can also fill the active cell with the formula of an adjacent cell by using
the Fill command (on the Home tab in the Editing group) or by pressing CTRL+D to
fill a cell below or CTRL+R to fill a cell to the right of the cell containing the
formula.

2. You can automatically fill a formula downward, for all adjacent cells that it applies
to, by double-clicking the fill handle of the first cell that contains the formula. For
 example, cells A1:A15 and B1:B15 contain numbers, and you type the
formula =A1+B1 in cell C1. To copy that formula into cells C2:C15, select cell C1
and double-click the fill handle.

Fill in A Series of Numbers, Dates, Or Other Built-In Series Items

Using the fill handle, you can quickly fill cells in a range with a series of numbers or dates, or
with a built-in series for days, weekdays, months, or years.

1. Select the first cell in the range that you want to fill.

2. Type the starting value for the series.

3. Type a value in the next cell to establish a pattern.

For example, if you want the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5..., type 1 and 2 in the first two cells. If you want
the series 2, 4, 6, 8..., type 2 and 4. If you want the series 2, 2, 2, 2..., you can leave the second
cell blank.

More examples of series that you can fill

When you fill a series, the selections are extended as shown in the following table. In this table,
items that are separated by commas are contained in individual adjacent cells on the worksheet.

Initial selection Extended series

1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6,...

9:00 10:00, 11:00, 12:00,...

 Mon Tue, Wed, Thu,...

Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,...

Jan Feb, Mar, Apr,...

Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan,...

Jan-07, Apr-07 Jul-07, Oct-07, Jan-08,...

15-Jan, 15-Apr 15-Jul, 15-Oct,...

2007, 2008 2009, 2010, 2011,...

1-Jan, 1-Mar 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,...

Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,...

text1, textA text2, textA, text3, textA,...

1st Period 2nd Period, 3rd Period,...

Product 1 Product 2, Product 3,...

1. Select the cell or cells that contain the starting values.

2. Drag the fill handle across the range that you want to fill.

To fill in increasing order, drag down or to the right. To fill in decreasing order, drag up or to the
left.

Tips

1. You can also specify the type of series by using the right mouse button to drag the fill
handle over the range and then clicking the appropriate command on the shortcut menu.
 For example, if the starting value is the date JAN-2007, click Fill Months for the series
FEB-2007, MAR-2007, and so on; or click Fill Years for the series JAN-2007, JAN-
2008, and so on.

2. If the selection contains numbers, you can control the type of series that you want to
create.

Fill cells with a series of numbers

a) On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Fill, and then click Series.

b) Under Type, click one of the following options:

1. Linear Creates a series that is calculated by adding the value in the Step value box to
each cell value in turn.

2. Growth Creates a series that is calculated by multiplying the value in the Step
value box by each cell value in turn.

3. Date Creates a series that fills date values incrementally by the value in the Step
value box and dependent on the unit specified under Date unit.

4. AutoFill Creates a series that produces the same results as dragging the fill handle.
  You can suppress series AutoFill by holding down CTRL as you drag the fill handle of a
selection of two or more cells. The selected values are then copied to the adjacent cells,
and Excel does not extend a series.

Fill data by using a custom fill series

To make entering a particular sequence of data (such as a list of names or sales regions) easier,
you can create a custom fill series. A custom fill series can be based on a list of existing items on
a worksheet, or you can type the list from scratch. You cannot edit or delete a built-in fill series
(such as a fill series for months and days), but you can edit or delete a custom fill series.

NOTE A custom list can only contain text or text mixed with numbers. For a custom list that
contains numbers only, such as 0 through 100, you must first create a list of numbers that is
formatted as text.

Format Numbers as Text

1. Select enough cells for the list of numbers that you want to format as text.

2. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click the arrow on the Number Format box,
and then click Text.

TIP You might have to click More to see the Text format in the list.

In the formatted cells, type the list of numbers.

Use A Custom Fill Series Based On an Existing List of Items

1. On the worksheet, select the list of items that you want to use in the fill series.

2. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel Options.
 3. Click Popular, and then under Top options for working with Excel, click Edit Custom
Lists.

4. Verify that the cell reference of the list of items that you selected is displayed in
the Import list from cells box, and then click Import.

5. The items in the list that you selected are added to the Custom lists box.

6. Click OK twice.

7. On the worksheet, click a cell, and then type the item in the custom fill series that you
want to use to start the list.

8. Drag the fill handle across the cells that you want to fill.

Use A Custom Fill Series Based On a New List of Items

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel Options.

2. Click Popular, and then under Top options for working with Excel, click Edit Custom
Lists.

3. In the Custom lists box, click NEW LIST, and then type the entries in the List
entries box, starting with the first entry.

Press ENTER after each entry.

4. When the list is complete, click Add, and then click OK twice.

5. On the worksheet, click a cell, and then type the item in the custom fill series that you
want to use to start the list.

6. Drag the fill handle across the cells that you want to fill.
Edit or Delete a Custom Fill Series

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Excel Options.

2. Click Popular category, and then under Top options for working with Excel, click Edit
Custom Lists.

3. In the Custom lists box, select the list that you want to edit or delete, and then do one of
the following:

 To edit the fill series, make the changes that you want in the List entries box, and then
click Add.

 To delete the fill series, click Delete.

How to Use Custom Lists with Excel 2010's Autofill Feature

In Excel 2010, you can use the AutoFill feature to create a custom list with names, locations, or
other items and then use the AutoFill handle to fill these list items in order in a workbook.

For example, say your company has offices in several locations and you get tired of typing out
the sequence in each new worksheet that requires them. After creating a custom list with these
locations, you can enter the entire sequence of cities by entering one of the locations in the first
cell and then dragging the AutoFill handle to the blank cells where the rest of the locations
appear.

Creating A Custom List

Follow these steps to create a custom list:

1. Click the File tab and then click Options.

The Excel Options dialog box appears.

2. Click the Advanced tab.

The Advanced options appear in the right pane.

3. Click the Edit Custom Lists button in the General section.

The Custom Lists dialog box appears.

4. Click inside the List Entries list box and then type each entry (in the desired order),
pressing Enter after each list item.

5. Click the Add button.

The new list appears in the Custom Lists box. Fig 1

Fig 1

Create a custom list to quickly enter items that you frequently type in worksheets.

6. Click OK two times to close both dialog boxes.

Now you're ready to put the custom list to use in a worksheet.

If you've already entered the list of items in the worksheet, you don't need to type these items
again in the List Entries text box. Instead, click inside the Import List from Cells text box and
click the Collapse Dialog Box button (to the right of this text box) and then drag through the
range of cells to select the list items. Click the Expand Dialog Box button, click the Import
button to copy this list into the List Entries list box, and click OK two times.

Using A Custom List

To use a custom list, you've created, follow these steps:

1. Type one of the list items in a cell and then press Enter.

You can type any item from the custom list; it doesn't have to be the first item.

2. Select the cell containing the list item.

3. Drag the AutoFill handle (in the lower right corner of the cell) in the desired
direction to create the list.

Using of Formulas (Add, Avg, Multiply, Div, Percentage)

Basic Numeric Information

ABS Returns the absolute value (i.e. the modulus) of a supplied

number

SIGN Returns the sign (+1, -1 or 0) of a supplied number

GCD Returns the Greatest Common Divisor of two or more

supplied numbers

LCM Returns the Least Common Multiple of two or more

supplied numbers
 Basic Mathematical Operations

SUM Returns the sum of a supplied list of numbers

PRODUCT Returns the product of a supplied list of numbers

POWER Returns the result of a given number raised to a

supplied power

SQRT Returns the positive square root of a given

number

QUOTIENT Returns the integer portion of a division between

two supplied numbers

MOD Returns the remainder from a division between

two supplied numbers

AGGREGATE Performs a specified calculation (e.g. the sum,

product, average, etc.) for a list or database, with
the option to ignore hidden rows and error
values(New in Excel 2010)

SUBTOTAL Performs a specified calculation (e.g. the sum,

product, average, etc.) for a supplied set of values

To Change the Font:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

 2. Click the drop-down arrow next to the Font command on the Home tab. The font drop-
down menu appears.

3. Move your mouse over the various fonts. A live preview of the font will appear in the
worksheet. Fig 2

Fig 2

4. Select the font you want to use.

To Change the Font Size:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

2. Click the drop-down arrow next to the font size command on the Home tab. The font
size drop-down menu appears.

3. Move your mouse over the various font sizes. A live preview of the font size will appear
in the worksheet. Fig 3
 Fig 3

4. Select the font size you want to use.

You can also use the Grow Font and Shrink Font commands to change the size. Fig 4

Fig 4

To Use the Bold, Italic, And Underline Commands:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

2. Click the Bold, Italic, or Underline command on the Home Tab. Fig 5
 Fig 5

To Add a Border:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

2. Click the drop-down arrow next to the Borders command on the Home tab. The border
drop-down menu appears. Fig 6

Fig 6

3. Select the border style you want to use.

You can draw borders and change the line style and color of borders with the Draw
Borders tools at the bottom of the Borders drop-down menu.
To change font color:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

2. Click the drop-down arrow next to the font color command on the Home tab.
The color menu appears.

3. Move your mouse over the various font colors. A live preview of the color will appear in
the worksheet. Fig 7

Fig 7

4. Select the font color you want to use.

Your color choices are not limited to the drop-down menu that appears. Select More Colors at
the bottom of the menu to access additional color options.

To add a fill color:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

2. Click the drop-down arrow next to the fill color command on the Home tab.
The color menu appears.
 3. Move your cursor over the various fill colors. A live preview of the color will appear in
the worksheet. Fig 8

Fig 8

4. Select the fill color you want to use.

To Change Horizontal Text Alignment:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

2. Select one of the three horizontal Alignment commands on the Home tab.

o Align Text Left: Aligns text to the left of the cell

o Center: Aligns text to the center of the cell

o Align Text Right: Aligns text to the right of the cell Fig 9
 Fig 9

To Change Vertical Text Alignment:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

2. Select one of the three vertical Alignment commands on the Home tab.

o Top Align: Aligns text to the top of the cell

o Middle Align: Aligns text to the middle of the cell

o Bottom Align: Aligns text to the bottom of the cell. Fig 10

Fig 10
By default, numbers align to the bottom-right of cells, while words and letters align to the
bottom-left of cells.

Formatting Numbers and Dates

One of Excel's most useful features is its ability to format numbers and dates in a variety of
ways. For example, you might need to format numbers with decimal places, currency symbols
($), or percent symbols (%).

To Format Numbers and Dates:

1. Select the cells you want to modify.

2. Click the drop-down arrow next to the Number Format command on the Home tab.
Fig 11

Fig 11

3. Select the number format you want. For some number formats, you can then use
the Increase Decimal and Decrease Decimal commands (below the Number Format
command) to change the number of decimal places that are displayed.

Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn about the different number formats. Fig 12
 Fig 12

Change The Alignment and Orientation of Labels

You can change the alignment of axis labels on both horizontal (category) and vertical (value)
axes. When you have multiple-level category labels in your chart, you can change the alignment
of all levels of labels. You can also change the amount of space between levels of labels on the
horizontal (category) axis.
 1. On a chart, click the axis that has the labels that you want to align differently, or do the
following to select the axis from a list of chart elements:

a. Click anywhere in the chart.

This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.

b. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow in the Chart
Elements box, and then click the axis that you want to select.

2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click Format Selection.

3. In the Format Axis dialog box, click Alignment.

4. Under Text layout, do one or more of the following:

a. In the Vertical alignment box, click the vertical alignment position that you
want.

b. In the Text direction box, click the text orientation that you want.

c. In the Custom angle box, select the degree of rotation that you want.

Tip You can also change the horizontal alignment of axis labels, by right-clicking the axis, and

then click Align Left , Center , or Align Right on the Mini toolbar.

Print Only Selected Areas Of A Spreadsheet In Excel 2010

Sometimes you might need to print out data contained in an Excel Spreadsheet, but printing out
the entire thing is a waste. Today we show you how to print out only specific areas of the
document that you need.

Open the Spreadsheet with the data you need and hold down the Ctrl key while highlighting the
area of the document you want to print out. Fig 13
 Fig 13

Click the Page Layout tab on the Ribbon, then the Print Area button and Set Print Area… Fig 14

Fig 14
While still under Page Layout click on Print Titles… Fig 15

Fig 15

The Page Setup screen opens up and you’ll want to select the Sheet tab. From here type in the
Columns and Rows that you want to repeat (if any) then click on Print Preview. This allows you
to include any headers or labels associated with the data. Fig 16

Fig 16
Now you’ll be able to preview the area you’ve selected and can print it out. Fig 17

Fig 17

You can also select multiple areas of the spreadsheet. Just select another area and when you click
on Print Area select Add to Print Area. Fig 18

Fig 18
Then when you go into Print Preview you can page through the different areas you’ve selected.
Fig 19

Fig 19

The Print Areas will stay set until you clear them out. Just click on Print Area then select Clear
Print Area. Fig 20

Fig 20

This also works basically the same in Excel 2010, but when you select Print Preview, Backstage
View opens and you can select your printing options from there. Fig 21
 Fig 21

This is a great way to save ink and paper if you only need to print out specific areas of a
spreadsheet. Being able to include column headings and row labels is also nice so the data you
print out makes more sense.

LAB SESSION

Create a grade sheet of your class using MS Excel and attach the print
out of it with this Lab. The Spreadsheet must contain average marks of
each subject, student’s Final Marks/Percentage and Grades. Also try to
create this as a Data Form.