DIVISION OF NAVOTAS CITY

10
SCIENCE
Quarter 2

S.Y. 2021-2022
NAVOTAS CITY PHILIPPINES
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2
Second Edition, 2021

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the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Amado S. Banawa Jr., Louie De Leon Odulio, Maris Katrina T. Magpusao, Ryan
V. Hilarion
Editor: Cecilia C. Ingalla
Reviewers: Amado S. Banawa Jr., Louie De Leon Odulio, Maris Katrina T. Magpusao,
Ryan V. Hilarion, Romel D. Saligue, Jocelyn N. Ladica
Illustrators: Amado S. Banawa Jr., Louie De Leon Odulio
Layout Artists: Ryan Verbo Hilarion, Louie De Leon Odulio, Maris Katrina T. Magpusao,
Romel D. Saligue
Management Team: Alejandro G. Ibañez, OIC- Schools Division Superintendent
Isabelle S. Sibayan, OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Loida O. Balasa, Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Russell P. Samson, EPS in Science
Grace R. Nieves, EPS In Charge of LRMS
Lorena J. Mutas, ADM Coordinator
Vergel Junior C. Eusebio, PDO II LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Navotas City

Office Address: BES Compound M. Naval St. Sipac-Almacen Navotas City
____________________________________________
Telefax: 02-8332-77-64
____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
[email protected]
 Table of Contents
What I Know ................................................................................1

Module 1......................................................................................2

Module 2......................................................................................9

Module 3......................................................................................14

Module 4......................................................................................29

Module 5......................................................................................33

Assessment ..................................................................................40

Answer Key ..................................................................................42

References ...................................................................................45
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which among the EM waves listed below can stimulate the human eye?
A. Microwaves B. infrared C. radio waves D. visible light
2. During summer, a trip to a local beach gives us not just precious memories but
also a sunburned skin, which of the following practices prevent you from getting
a sunburn?
A. Stay under the heat of the sun from 10 am onwards.
B. Put on sunscreen lotion with high SPF as often as possible.
C. Wear a bandana or scarf.
D. Massage your skin with baby oil.
3. The ozone layer plays an important role on earth because it acts as a protecting
shield against ultraviolet radiation. All of the following listed below are effects of
ultraviolet radiation EXCEPT _______.
A. Ultraviolet radiation can produce severe skin burns.
B. Prolonged exposure to Ultraviolet radiation may cause eye damage.
C. Small amount of ultraviolet radiation can be used to kill disease-causing
microorganisms.
D. It can interfere with medical equipment in hospitals.
4. Tinted windows help a lot in reducing heat inside a car. This is to decrease the
effect of what particular type of Electromagnetic wave?
A. infrared B. microwave C. radio wave D. X- ray
5. Magnifying glasses are used to make object look bigger than they usually are.
New developments and discoveries have been able to make magnifying
instruments (known as microscopes) much stronger. When Anton
van Leeuwenhoek was able to see bacteria, for the first time, the magnification
he needed was about ...
A. 200X B. 280X C. 1800X D. 2000X
6. The ocular lens in a microscope was marked 20x and the total power of the
instrument was 640x. What was the power of the objective lens?
A. 20X B. 32X C. 640X D. 12800X
7. The coil will experience an induced voltage or an ______________ that will cause a
pulsating direct current (DC) to be generated.
A. electromotive force C. electrode
B. electrolysis D. electron
8. A changing magnetic field occurs when there is ______________ between a source
of a magnetic field and a conductor; it does not matter which moves.
A. relative station C. relative affinity
B. relative mass D. relative motion
9. The object’s image is seen in a plane mirror, the distance from the mirror to the
image depends on ____.
A. the distance of the object to the mirror.
B. the wavelength of light used for viewing.
C. the distance from the image to the mirror.
D. the distance of the observer and the object to the mirror.
10. Using a concave mirror, the image of an object will ____.
A. always be real. C. be either real or virtual.
B. always be virtual. D. will always be magnified.

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 MODULE 1

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the forms and practical applications of EM waves. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is composed of two lessons, namely:

Lesson 1.1 – The Forms of Electromagnetic waves
Lesson 1.2 - Practical Application of the different regions of EM waves

After going through this module, you are expected:

Cite examples of practical applications of the different regions of EM waves.

Lesson The Forms of Electromagnetic

1.1 waves

The world we live in is a world which depends on electricity and radiation.

Everything that a man is using in cyber world depends on the use of EM waves.

As a learner you must unravel a world that is very dependent from qwerty
phone to smartphone and its practical applications of EM waves.

The Forms of Electromagnetic Waves

Transverse waves without a medium! It can travel through empty space. It

travels as vibrations in electrical and magnetic fields. Does have some magnetic and
some electrical properties to it.

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 Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electromagnetic_waves.png

When an electric field changes, so does the magnetic field. The changing
magnetic field causes the electric field to change. When one field vibrates—so does
the other.

RESULT-An Electromagnetic wave.

Electromagnetic waves travel VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometers per second
(the speed of light). At this speed they can go around the world 8 times in one second.

Waves or Particles?
Electromagnetic radiation has properties of waves but also can be thought of as a
stream of particles.
Example: Light

• Light as a wave: Light behaves as a transverse wave which we can filter using
polarized lenses.

• Light as particles (photons): When directed at a substance light can knock

electrons from a substance (Photoelectric effect).

• Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the range of electromagnetic waves when

placed in order of increasing frequency.

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 Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_Spectrum_Properties_edit.svg

From Radio wave to Gamma Ray the wavelength is decreasing while from
Radio wave to Gamma Ray the frequency increases and the highest frequency of EM
wave the highest energy. The EM waves can be classified as non-ionizing radiation
such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light spectrum, and ultraviolet ray
while X-rays and Gamma ray.

Types of Electromagnetic waves

Radio Waves: Instant Communication

Radio waves are the lowest-frequency waves in the EM spectrum. Radio waves can
be used to carry other signals to receivers that subsequently translate these signals
into usable information. Many objects, both natural and man-made, emit radio
waves. Anything that emits heat emits radiation across the entire spectrum, but in
different amounts. Stars, planets and other cosmic bodies emit radio waves. Radio
and television stations and cellphone companies all produce radio waves that carry
signals to be received by the antennae in your television, radio, or cellphone.

Microwaves: Data and Heat

Microwaves are the second-lowest frequency waves in the EM spectrum. Whereas
radio waves can be up to miles in length, microwaves measure from a few centimeters
up to a foot. Due to their higher frequency, microwaves can penetrate obstacles that
interfere with radio waves such as clouds, smoke, and rain. Microwaves carry radar,
landline phone calls and computer data transmissions as well as cook your dinner.
Microwave remnants of the "Big Bang" radiate from all directions throughout the
universe.

Infrared Waves: Invisible Heat

Infrared waves are in the lower-middle range of frequencies in the EM spectrum,
between microwaves and visible light. The size of infrared waves ranges from a few

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millimeters down to microscopic lengths. The longer-wavelength infrared waves
produce heat and include radiation emitted by fire, the sun, and other heat-
producing objects; shorter-wavelength infrared rays do not produce much heat and
are used in remote controls and imaging technologies.

Visible Light Rays

Visible light waves let you see the world around you. The different frequencies of
visible light are experienced by people as the colors of the rainbow. The frequencies
move from the lower wavelengths, detected as reds, up to the higher visible
wavelengths, detected as violet hues. The most noticeable natural source of visible
light is, of course, the sun. Objects are perceived as different colors based on which
wavelengths of light an object absorbs and which it reflects.

Ultraviolet Waves: Energetic Light

Ultraviolet waves have even shorter wavelengths than visible light. UV waves are the
cause of sunburn and can cause cancer in living organisms. High-temperature
processes emit UV rays; these can be detected throughout the universe from every
star in the sky. Detecting UV waves assists astronomers, for example, in learning
about the structure of galaxies.

X-rays: Penetrating Radiation

X-rays are extremely high-energy waves with wavelengths between 0.03 and 3
nanometers -- not much longer than an atom. X-rays are emitted by sources
producing very high temperatures like the sun's corona, which is much hotter than
the surface of the sun. Natural sources of x-rays include enormously energetic
cosmic phenomena such as pulsars, supernovae, and black holes. X-rays are
commonly used in imaging technology to view bone structures within the body.

Gamma Rays: Nuclear Energy

Gamma waves are the highest-frequency EM waves and are emitted by only the most
energetic cosmic objects such pulsars, neutron stars, supernova and black holes.
Terrestrial sources include lightning, nuclear explosions, and radioactive decay.
Gamma wave wavelengths are measured on the subatomic level and can pass
through the empty space within an atom. Gamma rays can destroy living cells;
fortunately, the Earth's atmosphere absorbs any gamma rays that reach the planet

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Activity 1: Determine which electromagnetic waves correspond to each letter, then
draw a transverse wave from A to G with the appropriate wavelength and
frequency.

Lesson Practical Application of the

1.2 different regions of EM waves

Practical Applications of EM waves

Radio Waves
For communication, such as television and radio, radio waves are used.
Radio waves are transmitted across the air quickly. If absorbed by the human
body, they do not cause harm, and they can be mirrored to alter their course. These
qualities make them perfect for interactions.

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Microwaves
For cooking food and for satellite communications, microwaves are used.
Microwaves of high frequency have frequencies that are readily absorbed in
food by molecules. When they consume microwaves, the internal energy of the
molecules increases, which induces heating. Microwaves travel through the
atmosphere quickly, so they can travel between Earth stations and orbiting satellites

Infrared

Electrical heaters, cookers for heating food, and infrared cameras that track
people in the dark are used for infrared light.

Infrared light has frequencies that certain chemical bonds absorb. When they
absorb infrared light, which induces heating, the internal energy of the bonds
increases. For electric heaters and for cooking food, this makes infrared light useful.
All objects emit light from the infrared. This light can't be seen by the human eye,
but infrared cameras can track it. To detect people in the dark, this 'thermal imaging'
is useful.

Visible light

Visible light is the light that can be seen by us. It is used in fiber optic
communications, where coded light waves pass from a source to a receiver via glass
fibers.
Ultraviolet Radiation
Ultraviolet radiation, which sterilizes the water and makes it safe to drink, can
kill bacteria found in the water. As it helps to produce vitamin D, ultraviolet radiation
is also beneficial for the skin. Too much exposure to UV, however, can cause skin
problems.
X - rays
Only after the ultraviolet rays, there are X-rays. These have smaller
wavelengths, but it holds more energy than UV energy.
Using an X-ray tube, X-rays are created. They are emitted while moving
rapidly A metal target is struck by electrons. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered
X-rays in 1895.
The flesh but not the bones can be penetrated by long wavelength X-rays. To
help doctors see inside the body, they are used in X-ray imaging. When diagnosing
bone fractures and tumors, they are useful.
All X-rays are dangerous because they can damage healthy living cells of the
body. This is the reason why frequent exposure to X-rays should be avoided. Too
much exposure to X-rays can damage body tissues and can cause cancer.

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Gamma Rays
Gamma rays lie at the other end of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are
shortest in wavelength and highest in frequency. They carry the highest amount of
energy; thus, they are more dangerous. Gamma rays are emitted by stars and some
radioactive substances. They can only be blocked with lead and thick concrete.
Gamma rays are very strong that they can kill living cells. Gamma rays are
used to treat cancer through the process called radiotherapy. They are also used for
sterilization of drinking water.

Activity 2: EM Uses
Write the applications of EM waves on a blank piece of paper.
Note: Fill in the transverse waves and labels for each part of the spectrum in the
diagram below.

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 Activity 3: ANG PLAKARDO!
Make a poster that shows the use and impacts of electromagnetic waves in our
everyday lives. Use the rubrics below to help you decide how you'll design your
poster.

MODULE 2

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the effects of electromagnetic radiation on living things and the environment.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

9
This module includes one lesson, namely
• Lesson 2 – Effects of EM radiation on living things and the environment

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain the effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on living things and the
environment. (S10FE-IIe-f-49)

Lesson Effects of EM radiation on living

2 things and the environment
Have you ever wondered how does a simple device such as television remote
control, barcode scanner, thermal scanner, heat, and smoke sensors works? What
about the Microwave oven? How does it cook food in an instant? Perhaps a member
of your family is watching a program on the television right now and some are busy
with their cellular phones. Ever wonder how these devices serve its purpose to us?

Let me take you to a learning journey and discover HOW these waves affects us.
Embark on self-discovery as you turn the pages of this module.

Detrimental Effects of Electromagnetic Waves

Knowledge of electromagnetic waves shows us how much the

environment can and does affect us. It also gives us the opportunity to deal
with invisible forces in nature that act on our bodies and can-do damages.

Radiation poisoning can cause cancer, damage to brain cells, sperm

abnormalities, and changes in blood pressure. Since electromagnetic
radiation produces both electric and magnetic fields, this radiation may alter
the normal flow of current in an electrical system. Thus, electromagnetic
radiation may bring electrical hazards in potential danger zones such as
transformers and electric devices, causing shocks, short circuits, and
blackouts.

The energy of electromagnetic waves is used effectively for

transmitting information in communication devices, such as cellular
phones. However, this energy can potentially affect other electronic devices as
well. Computers that process information at fast rates produce current
variations that produce electromagnetic waves, that in turn, carry energy.
These unwanted energies can cause a simple inconvenience, such as sound
or distortions heard on our radios, or seen in television, when a nearby cellular
phone receives a phone call or a text message. They can potentially lead to
dangerous situation, such as when they interfere with a landing equipment
on aircrafts or cause electronic pacemakers or sensitive medical equipment to
malfunction.

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 Ultraviolet rays that reach the surface of the Earth are the main cause
of sunburn and skin cancer. Sunglasses that absorb UV light help protect our
eyes from UV light that can potentially damage the retina and correlate with
the formation of cataracts. Gamma rays that are emitted by radioactive nuclei
and by certain nuclear reactions are part of cosmic rays that reach the Earth
and are absorbed by the atmosphere. They can cause serious damage when
absorbed by living tissue. Since they are highly penetrating, appropriate
shielding and protection must be used when working near such dangerous
radiation.

Activity 4: “R-E-A-P, What you sow!”

DIRECTIONS: Fill in the R-E-A-P box with information from what you have read in
What is it.
R E

A P

R- Read the text (What is it). Jot down the title.

E- Encode (write) the text by putting the main ideas in your own
words.
A- Annotate the text by writing a statement that summarize the
important points
P- Ponder the text by thinking and writing what you have learned.

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 Activity 5. Match-a-ma-call-me!
DIRECTIONS. Match Column I with the application in Column II and its effects in
Column III. Write the letter of the correct answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Column I Column II Column III
(EM Waves) (Applications) (Effects of EM waves)
1. Radio waves A. in UV lamps used by banks to I. Headache from
identify fake bank notes. cellphones
2. Microwaves B. Television and radio II. genetic damage and
broadcasts. cancer
3. Infrared C. used as diagnostic tools for III. sunburned skin
imaging internal organs, such
as lungs.
4. Visible light D. used in barcode scanners IV. can interfere with
landing equipment on
aircrafts.
5. Ultraviolet E. used in sterilizing medical V. weakens the immune
equipment and kill cancer cells. system
6. X – rays F. Color perception VI. Colors of the rainbow
7. Gamma G. radar / cellular phone VII. caused the materials
rays or surroundings to heat
up.

Activity 6: “Fill me in”

Directions: Complete the paragraph by writing the correct term/ word in a separate
sheet of paper.

Electromagnetic waves are classified according to range of frequency and

wavelength. Thus, causing implications on living things and environment. Infrared
wavelengths when increased, causes the environment to 1._________ (heat up /
cools). The colors of the visible light spectrum are seen in 2.________ ( x-rays /
rainbow ). A small amount of 3.____________ ( gamma rays / ultraviolet) can be used
to kill disease-causing microorganisms and stimulate the production of Vitamin D,
which is essential for strong bones and teeth. Discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen which
is widely used in radiography and used to detect internal defects in metal coatings,
considering the unknown nature of this rays, Roentgen named it as 4._________(
ultraviolet rays / x-rays). Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation with the highest
frequency but with the shortest wavelengths, used in the treatment of certain
diseases, such as 5. __________ ( cancer / ulcer ). Electromagnetic radiation
bombarded us daily from the space and within our planet.

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 Activity 7
Read each situation carefully. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. On a cloudy summer day, you may stay away on the beach most of the day and
may feel relatively cool. On the following day, however, you may discover some
sunburns on your skin. Why? Explain this observation in terms of infrared and
ultraviolet radiations.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. The Ozone layer plays an important role on earth because it acts as protecting
shield against ultraviolet radiation. The ozone layer is currently threatened by
human activities, mainly the indiscriminate use and release of chlorofluorocarbon
gases, such as Freon, which is used as refrigerant and solvent in hair sprays. As a
student, how can you help protect the ozone layer?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. A microwave oven is a kitchen appliance that cooks food using microwaves.

Heating food in a microwave oven might turn some of the compounds in a food
container to carcinogens. Microwaving food also decreases food nutritional value.
What suggestions can you give to minimize these effects? What do you think are
some alternative ways of heating prepared food instead of using a microwave oven?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 MODULE 3

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Light: Mirrors and Lenses. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module is divided into 4 lessons, namely:
Lesson 3.1 – Plane Mirror
Lesson 3.2 – Concave and Convex Mirrors
Lesson 3.3 – Concave and Convex Lenses

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) or
images formed by plane and curved mirrors and lenses.

Lesson
Plane Mirrors
3.1

A plane mirror is a flat mirror that reflects light and produces an upright
virtual image at the same magnification or same image size and distance as the
objects they reflect. Therefore, you can use a plane mirror if you want to determine
what is something behind you is.

The imaginary line between your finger and the marked point is the incident
ray, and the imaginary line between the mark point and the image is called the
reflected ray.

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 Figure 1: Law of Reflection

From the normal line, you will notice that there is a certain angle between the
incident ray and the reflected ray. The angle formed between the incident ray and
the normal line is called the angle of incidence (Өi), and the angle formed between
the reflected ray and the normal line is called the angle of reflection (Өr) in the figure.

Remember, the angle of incidence is always equal with the angle of reflection
or known as the Law of Reflection.

Activity 8: Look at me!

Materials needed:
Plane mirror
Paper
Ballpoint pen or pencil

Procedure:
1. Ask your family members to describe your facial feature.
2. List down the description given by your family on a piece of paper.
3. Look yourself into the mirror. Look at the details or features your face has.
4. Using the descriptions given by your family members, try to compare it with
what you have seen in a mirror.
5. List down the similarities from what you see in the mirror and the list
features given by your family members.
Family Members Similarities Your Observations
Observation

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 6. Discuss it with your family members and try answering the following
questions:
a. What can you say about the features given by your family members
and what you see in the mirror?
.
b. Are their similarities and differences between the given features and
what you saw in the mirror?
.

c. How would you relate this with the property of light, reflection?

Activity 9: Look-into-It

Materials needed:
Plane mirror
Paper
Ballpoint pen or pencil

Procedure:

1. On a piece of paper, write your full name in all caps. (e.g. JUAN L. DELA
CRUZ)
2. If you are done writing your name on a piece paper. Start placing it in
front of the mirror and look carefully at the image formed. Write it on
the space provided. .
3. This time, write your name in this format "Juan L. Dela Cruz" in a piece
of paper. Then, place it in front of the mirror and observe. Write your
observation of the space provided. .
4. To add excitement to your understanding about the image formed using
a plane mirror, write your favorite passage or quote on a piece of paper,
place it in front of the mirror at look carefully at the details. Write what
you have seen in the mirror on the space provided. .

An image seen in a plane mirror is the same as what the object is. The size,
shape, distance, height, and width of the object are very similar to the produced
image in the plane mirror.

To understand further about using the plane mirror, let us have another
activity.
To add more to your understanding of the plane mirror, try doing the next

activity.
Do I still need to continue?
You will understand more about how light plays a big part in understanding
the formation of images that you have seen using the mirrors and lenses. So, hold
on tight because you will let yourself float in knowing more of lights.

16
 Lesson
Concave and Convex Mirrors
3.2
A mirror reflects a clear image. The image can be a real image and a virtual
image. To distinguish the difference between real image and a virtual, you must know
where it seemed to appear on the screen. The real image appears on the screen while
the virtual image does not. The formation of real and virtual images happens when
the light rays hit on a mirror. Starting from the location of the object and is reflected
by the mirror screen. A curved mirror is a part of a sphere, known as a spherical
mirror? The image formed by a spherical mirror can either be real or virtual. Let us
dig dip down to understand more about the images created using mirrors.

Do you happen to look at how the vehicle's headlight looks? Visit your dentist
and exposed to the head mirror? Use a microscope and used the mirror at the lower
part to capture the light source? Or try to wave at the convenient store mirror? Are
you aware that this is part of a spherical mirror? What is the purpose of using
different types of a mirror?

Let us try exploring what kind of topic you will have and how this will help
you identify the type of image produce by different mirrors.

Have you tried looking at a spoon before eating? Do you happen to look at
your image? Or even try comparing your image on spoons sides. Looking at how the
appearance of the spoon looks like; it seems like it is a curved mirror having an inner
and outer surface. If a curved mirror is a part of a sphere, then it is called a spherical
mirror. What is Spherical Mirror? Spherical mirrors are curved surfaces that are
silver on one of the sides and has an inward surface as convex mirrors and an
outwards exterior known as concave mirrors. The image formed by a plane mirror is
always virtual seen on the screen. The image formed in a spherical mirror can be a
real image because of how reflected light rays intersect and can be received on-screen
an always inverted. The virtual image is formed with the intersection of reflected
light ray’s extension and cannot be on the screen and upright. There are two types
of spherical mirrors:
1. Concave Mirror:
* is a curved mirror that has a reflective
surface silvered inside of the sphere that
is curved closer distance to the eyes
than in the middle.
* called converging mirror because when
light rays strike at a point in the surface
of the mirror, it reflects and meets at a
certain point.

Figure 2: Parallel line converging at a point

To understand more about locating the image formed using mirrors, let us
first understand the three essential points used in ray diagramming. Ray diagram is

17
a representation of the possible paths light takes in getting from one place to another.
Let us first understand the key points in using curved mirrors for locating images.

Imaged formed by a Concave Mirror:

Figure 3: Anatomy of a Curved Mirrors

Ray Diagram:

Concave Mirror
Example 1: Example 2:

The first ray is parallel to the optical axis The first ray is parallel to the optical axis
and reflects through the focal point. and reflects through the focal point.

The second ray passes through the focal The second ray passes through the focal
point and reflects parallel to the optical point and reflects parallel to the optical
axis. axis.

Is the image real or virtual? Is the image Is the image real or virtual? Is the image
upright or inverted? Is the image upright or inverted? Is the image
reduced or enlarged? Where can you reduced or enlarged? Where can you
find the image? find the image?

18
 Since it is found below the object, the Since it is found behind the mirror, the
image is real. image is virtual.
The image is inverted, reduced, and The image is upright, enlarged, and
located somewhere between C and F. located behind the mirror.

Let us now exercise your understanding in predicting the image formed using
mirrors:

Activity 10: FINDING IMAGE!

DIRECTIONS: Predict the object’s image by doing the ray diagram. Identify the image
location, orientation, size, and type.

Materials needed:
Pencil
Ruler

1. Location of object: 2. Location of object:

The object is farther than the Center of The object is placed at the center of the
the curvature curvature

Location of the image: ________________ Location of the image: ________________

Orientation of image: _________________ Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________ Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________ Type of image formed: ________________

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3. Location of object: 4. Location of object:
The object is between the center of the The object is placed directly at the focal
curvature and focal point point

Location of the image: ________________ Location of the image: ________________

Orientation of image: _________________ Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________ Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________ Type of image formed: ________________

5. Location of object:
The object is between the focal point
and the vertex

Location of the image: ________________

Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________

2. Convex Mirror:
*is a curved mirror that has a
reflective surface silvered inside of the
sphere

*called diverging mirror because when

light rays strike at a point in a convex
mirror it reflects and diverges. Figure 4: Parallel lines diverging

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 Image formed by Convex Mirror:

Convex Mirror
Example:
1.

The first ray comes in parallel to the Light rays do not converge, but the
optical axis and reflects through the sightlines do (represented by broken
focal point. lines).
2.

Second ray comes through the focal A reduced upright virtual image form at
point and reflects parallel to the optical the convergence of sightlines.
axis.

Activity 11: FINDING IMAGE!

DIRECTIONS: Predict the object’s image by doing the ray diagram. Identify the image
location, orientation, size, and type.

1. 2.

Location of the image: ______________ Location of the image: ______________

Orientation of image: _________________ Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________ Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________ Type of image formed: ________________

21
 Concave Mirrors (converging) is a curved mirror that has a reflective surface
silvered inside of the sphere that is curved closer to the eyes than on the middle part.
Concave mirrors are converging mirrors because when light rays strike at a point in
the surface of the mirror, it reflects and meets at a certain point. Placing an object
near the concave mirror will produce a magnified upright virtual image. If one
increases the distance between the object and the concave mirror, the image formed
will be inverted, reduced, and becomes a real image. The image formed by the
concave mirror can be small or enlarged, and it can also be real or virtual.
Convex mirror (diverging mirror) is a curved mirror that has a reflective
surface silvered inside of the sphere. Convex mirrors are diverging mirrors because
when light rays strike at a point in a convex mirror, it reflects and diverges. The
convex mirror will produce a virtual, erect, and reduced image, regardless of the
distance between the object and the mirror.

Activity #12: Where will I put the OBJECT?

DIRECTIONS: Identify the location of the object using the information given.
Location of IMAGE
the object
Concave
Mirror
1. No image No image No image No image
formed formed formed formed

2. The image is The image The image size A real

found beyond formed is is enlarged image is
center of inverted formed
curvature
3. The image is The image The image size A real
found at the formed is is the same image is
center of inverted formed
curvature
4. The image is The image The image size A virtual
found behind formed is is enlarged image is
the mirror upright formed

5. The image is The image The image size A real

found between formed is is reduced image is
the center of inverted formed
curvature and
focal point
Convex
Mirror
6. The image is The image The image size A virtual
found between formed is is reduced image is
focal point and upright formed
vertex

22
 Lesson
Concave and Convex Lenses
3.3

Lenses are used in different purposes. Lenses are piece of glass that is
sometime thicker at the middle and thinner at its edges or thinner at the middle and
thicker at its edges. Lenses are classified as curve inward are called concave, while
those that curve outward are called convex that is based on the curvature of its
surfaces. A convex lens is known as a converging lens, bending light towards a single
focal point. Let us explore more on the wonders of lenses.

If mirrors use reflection, lenses use refraction. Refraction is when light bends
as it passes through one medium to another. As the light travels from air to glass,
light refracts towards the normal line. As light passes back out from the glass to the
air, it refracted away from the normal line.

Lenses are optical devices that follow the principle of refraction and either
positive or negative that makes the light rays passing through to converge into a
single focal point or diverge outward from the optical axis and into space. Lenses are
either a glass or plastic with curved surfaces. The curvature of the surfaces
determines how much and in what direction the light bends. Lenses bend light
because of a phenomenon called refraction. Refraction occurs when light passes from
one type of material into another, where light waves change its speed and bend.

Remember that light refracts when it changes mediums, the lenses aimed at
the ray of light at a focal point. Lenses are a piece of transparent material, either
glass or plastic, that is used to focus light and form an image. There are two types of
lens - convex lens and concave Lens. In this part, you will learn how and what kind
of image is formed by these two lenses. Let us first understand some essential key
points in helping you to understand more about lenses.
Figure 5: Refraction

Vertex, center
of a lens

Focus or Focal
point, where light
rays converge a
parallel light rays
pass through a lens.

Figure 6: Convex Lens Figure 7: Concave Lens

23
1. Convex Lens
* is thicker in the center than at the
edges that converge incident light rays
that are parallel to the optical axis and
focus them at the focal plane to form a
real image
* called converging lens
Figure 8: Light rays in a
*produces a real or virtual image convex lens
depending on the position of the object.

You will now try to predict what image is formed using different lenses.

Image formed using Convex Lens:

Example 1 Example 2:

The first ray comes in parallel to the

The first ray comes in parallel to the optical axis and refracts through the
optical axis and refracts through the focal point.
focal point.

Second ray goes straight through the The second ray goes straight through
center of the lens. the center of the lens.

The third ray passes through the focal Light rays do not converge, but the
point and refracts at the convex lens. sightlines do.

24
 Where light rays meet the formation of A formation of an enlarged upright
a real, inverted, and reduced image virtual image is seen at the
produces. convergence of the sightlines.
Now, you need to deal with how lenses produce images. You may now try
doing the activity for you to understand more about the image formed in using a
convex lens.

Activity #13: LIGHT BENDER!

DIRECTIONS: Predict the object’s image by doing the ray diagram. Identify the image
location, orientation, size, and type.

Materials needed:
Pencil
Ruler
1. Location of object: 2. Location of object:
The object is placed beyond 2F’. The object is placed at 2f’.

Location of the image: ________________ Location of the image: ________________

Orientation of image: _________________ Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________ Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________ Type of image formed: ________________
3. Location of object: 4. Location of object:
The object is between 2F’ and F’ The object is placed directly at the focal
point, F’

Location of the image: ________________ Location of the image: ________________

Orientation of image: _________________ Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________ Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________ Type of image formed: ________________

25
 5. Location of object:
The object is between the focal point, F’
and the vertex, V.

Location of the image: ________________

Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________

2. Concave Lens:
* is thinner in the center and thicker at
the edges, it diverges parallel incident
light rays and forms a virtual image by
extending traces of the light rays passing
through the lens to a focal point behind
the lens
* called a diverging lens Figure 9: Light rays in
concave lens

Image formed in a Concave Lens:

Example:
1. The first ray comes in parallel to the 3. The light rays do not converge, but
optical axis and refracts from the focal the sight lines do.
point.

2. The second ray goes straight through 4. A virtual image forms where the
the center of the lens. sightlines meet.

26
 Activity #14: LIGHT BENDER!
DIRECTIONS: Predict the object’s image by doing the ray diagram. Identify the
image location, orientation, size, and type.
1. Location of object: 2. Location of object:
The object placed at 2F’. The object is placed at the focal point,
F’.

Location of the image: ________________ Location of the image: ________________

Orientation of image: _________________ Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________ Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________ Type of image formed: ________________
3. Location of object:
The object is between focal point, F and
vertex, V

Location of the image: ________________

Orientation of image: _________________
Size of the image: ____________________
Type of image formed: ________________

Convex lenses or positive lenses (converging lens) are lenses that are thicker
in the center than at the edges it converges incident light rays that are parallel to the
optical axis and focus them at the focal plane to form a real image. In using a convex
lens, remember that a reduced image of the object appears as the distance gets
nearer to the focal point. If you place an object 2F, the size of the object's image is
the same. Placing the object's between 2F and the focal point (F), the image formed
is larger than that of the object. If the object is near the direction of the lens, it
produces an enlarged image beyond the focal point.

Concave lenses or negative lenses (diverging lens) are lenses that are thinner
in the center and thicker at the edges. Concave lenses diverge parallel incident light
rays that form a virtual image by extending traces of the light rays passing through
the lens to a focal point behind the lens. The image produce by a concave lens will
always be a reduced and virtual image.

27
 Activity #15: Where will I put the OBJECT?
DIRECTIONS: Complete the table by identify the location of the object, location of
the image, orientation, size, and type of image.

Location IMAGE
of the
object
Convex Location Orientation Size Type
Lens
Beyond 2F’ The image is found 1. The image size A real
between F and 2F is reduced image is
formed
2. The image is found The image 3. A real
at 2F formed is image is
inverted formed
Between 4. The image The image size 5.
2F’ and F’ formed is is enlarged
inverted
At the No image formed 6. No image No image
focal point, formed formed
F’
7. The image is found The image 8. A virtual
beyond 2F’ formed is upright image is
formed

Concave
Lens
9. The image is found The image The image size 10.
between focal formed is upright is reduced
point and vertex

It is not the end yet. You still need to go over the next part of this module and
be able to understand about Light: Mirrors and Lenses. You are doing great exploring
this. Good luck and enjoy it.

Activity 16: MAKATANG MAKATAO! MAKATANG MAKAPAMILYA!

DIRECTIONS:
1. Make a poem on your what learning and realization in doing the module
Lights: Mirrors and Lenses.
2. After making the poem, present it by creating a video presentation with your
family.

28
 3. Upload it at your Facebook account using the hashtags #SchooName
#10Section #LightsMirrorsandLenses #TulangMakatangPamilya.

Note: You may use the Rubrics below for content creation and presentation:

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 Score

Creativity The poem The poem The poem The poem does
and includes unusual includes some includes not include
Originality and interesting unusual and unusual and unusual or
features and interesting interesting interesting
components that features that features, but do features.
excites the interest the not add to its
audience about audience and meaning
the topic and add relate to the
to the meaning. meaning.

Presentation The presentation The presentation The The

of the poem of the poem presentation of presentation of
communicates communicates the poem the poem
the main idea and some of the communicates communicates
is easy to important ideas the idea and is any idea, but it
understand, and is unique organized but is not organized
unique and and organized. not unique. and not unique.
outstanding.

Feedback The student The student The student The student

comprehended realized a little of identified the overlooked the
well the purpose the purpose and purpose. purpose.
and objective was objective is
attained. somewhat
attained.

MODULE 4

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the different optical instruments. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module has 1 lesson, namely:
Lesson 4 – Optical Instruments

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their
use in optical instruments (e.g., cameras and binoculars)

29
 Lesson
Optical Instruments
4

The eyes cannot see things clearly if it is minute or distant. It needs devices
to see it. A computer connected to some devices is used for a human to see image
formation different from the image formed with your own eyes. The eye perceives
things the way it seems to appear. Eyes are said to be the gateway of many things,
for it sees the wonders of the world, that is why it is the most interesting optical
instrument. Have you ever wondered how our eyes form images the way other optical
instruments do? Due to the advancement of technology, creating different devices, it
helps people see distant objects the same with the eyes. The eye forms images, and
it gives detail and color to object.

A detailed image will help you understand nature and its value in the
development of different techniques and technologies in improving life. This lesson
will let you know how the human eye sees and how it able to use optical instruments
in seeing things beyond what is possible with the naked eye.

The question would be, how optical instruments can help humans in seeing
minute or distant objects?

A device where light wave enhances the image to be more visible or view it is an
optical instrument. The conventional functionality of optical instruments' such as
magnifying glass or even complicated devices such as microscope and telescope are
to create a larger image and to give detailed information about things being. The use
of converging lenses or convex lenses makes an image appear larger, while, diverging
lenses or concave lenses make the image smaller. Different devices use multiple
lenses to see a clear image of an object whether it is minute or a distant image.

Activity #17: My Oh My Optical Instruments!

DIRECTIONS: Read the selection below and identify the essential key points
related to the topics found in the last part of the reading selection.
Due to the advancement of technology, many optical instruments are
developed and widely used by many people. Some of these are:
A magnifying glass is a converging lens that allows the observer to see a much
larger image of the object. Its magnification power depends on where you placed the

30
magnifying glass between the specimen and the user’s eye. The magnifying glass will
produce an image of an object that is bigger than seen by the human eye.
A compound microscope has two converging lenses; the eyepiece (ocular lens),
which is close to the eye, and the objective lenses that are close to the viewed object.
The eyepiece and the objective lens form an enlarged image of the specimen inside
the microscope. The objective lens will create an enlarged inverted real image. The
eyepiece produces a further virtual erect enlarged final image. The magnifications of
all the lenses multiplied together to make the overall magnification object seen on
the microscope.
Telescopes create an enlarged image of objects—such as distant stars—that
appears tiny because it is far from us. A telescope contains two converging lenses,
namely, the objective and the eyepiece that allows us to see distant objects. The
objective lens forms a real image contained by the focus of the eyepiece lens. The
focal length of the objective lens is for a larger magnification.

1,2,3. Smile. The camera is an optical device that allows you to record the
image of an object, either by a film/photo paper or digital. It uses a lens that produces
a real image on photographic film. It works similarly with how the human eye
works. The iris works as a lens; the pupil is like the aperture, and the eyelid works
like the shutter. The most important part of a camera is the lens, which allows the
image to be magnified and focused.

Binoculars consist of a pair of telescopes mounted together, each having an

objective lens that forms the image upside down, and left and right sides reversed,
the eyepiece creates a virtual enlarged upright image. Binoculars switch left-to-right
and right-to-left image that follows the system of prisms.

An endoscope is a long flexible tube that uses a converging lens and bunches
of optical fibers that are inserted in the body so that a doctor can observe internal
passages such as a person’s esophagus or intestine. An endoscope uses the concept
of total internal reflection that conveys an image at the end of the tube, then the
image is seen through a monitor or screen.

An overhead projector uses a mirror that focuses light from an intense source
onto a pair of converging lenses. An overhead projector projects a real image of the
transparency on the screen. These lenses bend the light rays were the rays that
spread outward from one point on the transparency. The OHP bends and merge to a
certain point and focus on a real image on the screen.

Optical Context Mirror or Concave or Describe the

Instruments Clues Lens Convex image formed
Magnifying glass

Compound
microscope

Telescope

31
 Camera

Binoculars

Overhead
projector

Activity #18: LIGHTS! CAMERA! ACTION!

Directions: Create your pinhole camera following the simple procedure below. (Note:
Please ask assistance with your parent in doing this activity.)

Materials needed:
Pencil
Cutter
Scissors
Ruler
Wax Paper
Scotch Tape
Blanket

Procedure:
1. Using your pencil creates a hole in one side of the shorter side of the
shoe box.
2. Cut a 2 inches square in each side across the shorter side with hole.
3. Cut a square of wax paper measuring 3 inches on each side using a
pair of scissors.
4. Place your wax paper directly over the square in the box. Using your
scotch tape, tape the edges of the wax paper to the box.
5. Try looking for an object as your material in taking a picture. Be sure
to be in a dimly lit room. Stand at about 5 feet from the object to be
observed.
6. Using your blanket, cover your head and pinhole camera. Take note
that the part with wax paper is facing you and the pinhole is facing the
object.
7. Hold your pinhole camera at arm’s length from your face while
observing the object. Be sure that you will see an upside-down image of
the object.
8. Draw the image seen in the space provided.

32
 MODULE 5

MODULE 5

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of electricity. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module concentrates on:

• Lesson 5 – Nature and uses of Electric Motor and Generator

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator.

Have you ever ridden on a bicycle? Or play a toy car before when you are in
grade 7 or elementary days. Electric motor is seen in different appliances from
washing machine, blender, electric fan and even automobiles. Think of how you can
make a simple electric motor.

Lesson Nature and Uses of Electric Motor

5 and Generator

33
Electric motor Defined

An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into rotational

mechanical energy. The motor effect is shown when a current-carrying conductor
within a magnetic field moves in the direction of the force. The force on a moving
current-carrying conductor may be varied by changing the magnetic field. A simple
DC motor can be assembled using a single coil that rotates in a magnetic field. The
direct current in the coil is supplied via two brushes. The forces exerted on the
current-carrying wire creates a rotation-causing force on the coil.
Parts of the Electric Motor

Armature - has many loops of wire wound around an iron cylinder, this rotates as
current flows through the wire.
Brushes - (+ and -) supply electrical current to the commutator.

Commutator - switches the direction of current flow, so that the poles of the magnet
are reversed.

Current source - supplies current to coil, so that the coil becomes a magnet
Field coil - strengthens the electromagnetic field
Horseshoe electromagnet (or permanent magnet) - produces a magnetic field so the
wire loop will rotate

34
Electric generator Defined
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. A simple electric generator is made when a coil or any closed loop of
conductor moves through or cuts across magnetic field lines. The coil will experience
an induced voltage or an electromotive force that will cause a pulsating direct current
(DC) to be generated. The pulsating direct current fluctuates in value but does not
change direction. A changing magnetic field occurs when there is relative motion
between a source of a magnetic field and a conductor; it does not matter which
moves. Electromagnetic induction is a process in which electric current is generated
in a conductor by a moving or changing magnetic field. A changing magnetic field
may also arise from a changing nearby current. By Ohm’s Law the amount of induced
current is directly proportional to the induced voltage.

Parts of Electric Generator

Direct Current Alternating Current

Armature - strengthens the fields so current will flow.

Brushes - conduct current from the slip rings to wires.
Commutator (D.C. only) - changes A.C. current to D.C. current.
Magnet - provides magnetic field through which armature is rotated.
Slip rings (A.C. only) - conducts current from the armature to the brushes.
Wire coils - create an electric field which interacts with the magnet.

Continue to exhibit your expertise, keep it up!

35
Activity 19: Match the term in column A to the statements in Column B.

Number Column A Column B

________1. A. motor effect The force on a moving current-carrying
conductor may be varied by changing the
______________.
________2. B. electric motor A ___________can be assembled using a single
coil that rotates in a magnetic field.
________3. C. direct current An ______ is a coil of wire that uses current to
produce a strong magnetic field.
________4. D. rotation- An ___________ is a device that converts
causing force mechanical energy into electrical energy.
________5. E. magnetic field The pulsating direct current fluctuates in value
but does not change __________.
________6. F. electric An _________ is a device that converts electrical
generator energy into rotational mechanical energy.
________7. G. coil The forces exerted on the current-carrying wire
creates a ______________ on the coil.
________8. H. direction The coil will experience an ________ or an
electromotive force that will cause a pulsating
direct current (DC) to be generated.
________9. I. Electromagnetic The _________ in the coil is supplied via two
induction brushes.
________10. J. arise A simple electric generator is made when a
______ or any closed loop of conductor moves
through or cuts across magnetic field lines.
________11. K. Ohm’s Law A changing magnetic field occurs when there is
relative motion between a source of a magnetic
field and a ________; it does not matter which
moves.
________12. L. simple DC _____________ is a process in which electric
motor current is generated in a conductor by a moving
or changing magnetic field.
________13. M. conductor A changing magnetic field may also _____ from
a changing nearby current.
________14. N. induced voltage By ________ the amount of induced current is
directly proportional to the induced voltage.
________15. O. electromagnet The _________ is shown when a current-carrying
conductor within a magnetic field moves in the
direction of the force.

Activity 20: Tell and Explain

Directions: Tell the functions of the following parts of electric motor and explain
them briefly.
1. Armature:
Function: _______________________________________________________________.

36
 Explain:_________________________________________________________________.

2. Brushes:
Function: _______________________________________________________________.
Explain:_________________________________________________________________.

3. Current Source:
Function: _______________________________________________________________.
Explain:_________________________________________________________________.

4. Horseshoe magnet:
Function: _______________________________________________________________.
Explain:_________________________________________________________________.

5. Commutator:
Function: _______________________________________________________________.
Explain:_________________________________________________________________.

6. Field Coil:
Function: _______________________________________________________________.
Explain:_________________________________________________________________.

Activity 21: Label the parts of Electric Motor and Generator

I.Electric Motor

37
Activity 22:

Directions: Fill in the Blank. Write the correct answer using CAPITAL LETTERS from
the box below.

1. An ______________ is a coil of wire that uses current to produce a strong

magnetic field.
2. The _____________ is shown when a current-carrying conductor within a
magnetic field moves in the direction of the force.
3. The force on a moving current-carrying conductor may be varied by changing
the _____________.
4. An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into rotational
____________.
5. A simple ___________ can be assembled using a single coil that rotates in a
magnetic field.
6. The direct current in the ______ is supplied via two brushes.
7. The forces exerted on the _______________ creates a rotation-causing force on
the coil.
8. An ________________ is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
9. A simple electric generator is made when a coil or any closed loop of
____________ moves through or cuts across magnetic field lines.
10. The coil will experience an _____________ or an electromotive force that will
cause a pulsating direct current (DC) to be generated.
11. The ___________________________ fluctuates in value but does not change
direction.
12. A changing magnetic field occurs when there is _________________ between a
source of a magnetic field and a conductor; it does not matter which moves.
13. ______________________ is a process in which electric current is generated in
a conductor by a moving or changing magnetic field.
14. A changing magnetic field may also arise from a ____________ nearby current.

38
 15. By _______________ the amount of induced current is directly proportional to
the induced voltage.

COIL DC MAGNETIC CONDUCTOR MECHANICAL

MOTOR FIELD ENERGY
electric relative current- Ohm’s law electromagnetic
generator motion carrying wire induction
pulsating motor changing electromagnet induced voltage
direct current effect

Activity 23: Make an H- Diagram

It is time to distinguish the similarities and differences of the electric motor

and generator. Write the Electric motor on the left side of the diagram and write the
generator to the right side of the diagram. Write in the middle part of the diagram
the similarities of the two concepts and write the differences on both side of the
diagram.

Electric Motor Generator

Differences Differences

Similarities

39
Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. To detect people/animals in the dark, thermal imaging is used. Which
among the EM waves corresponds to this application?
A. infrared C. radio waves
B. microwaves D. ultraviolet

2. Which among the following statements shows the application of x-ray?

A. It is used to sterilize air.
B. It is used to detect fake bank notes.
C. It is used to diagnose bone fracture in humans.
D. It is used in TV and radio broadcast.

3. Electromagnetic waves are all around us and take many forms, how
would you protect yourself and your family to EM waves?
A. Keep your smartphone as far away from your body.
B. Deactivate the Wi-Fi feature of your devices when sleeping.
C. Replace wireless with wired devices.
D. All of the above

4. What could be the possible effect of unwanted radio waves in

airports?
A. Usage of cellular phones may cause distractions.
B. It will cause the surrounding to heat up.
C. It will interfere with the landing equipment.
D. It will cause panic and hysteria.

5. An object is in front of a converging lens at a distance greater than 2F.

The image formed by the lens is:
A. real, inverted, and reduced.
B. real, inverted, and enlarged.
C. virtual, upright, and enlarged.
D. virtual, upright, and reduced.

6. In most of the cameras, the location of the image is adjusted to appear

on the film by changing its-
A. shape of the lens.
B. position of the lens.
C. focal length of the lens.
D. diameter of the diaphragm.

40
7. A camera uses a ______lens to form______ images.
A. converging .... real
B. converging .... virtual
C. diverging .... real
D. diverging .... virtual

8. What is the use of the lens in the telescope?

A. They focus the light and make distant objects appear brighter,
clearer and magnified.
B. They focus the light and make distant objects appear brighter,
clearer and smaller.
C. They reflect the light and make distant objects appear brighter,
clearer and magnified.
D. They reflect the light and make distant objects appear brighter,
clearer and smaller.
9. Electromagnetic induction is a process in which electric current is
generated in a conductor by a moving or _________ magnetic field.
A. Changing
B. Increasing
C. Decreasing
D. Constant

10. By __________________ the amount of induced current is directly

proportional to the induced voltage.
A. Kirchhoff’s Law
B. Ohm’s Law
C. Coulomb’s Law
D. Lenz’s Law

41
Module 1

Module 2

42
Module 3

43
Module 4

Module 5

44
References:
Module 1: Textbooks
Palima, D.Z. , Ines, MD.B. – Physics, Philippine Copyright 2004; Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.
Calamlam, J.M. , Florido, A. –Science and Technology, Philippine Copyright 2015;
ABIVA Publishing House, Inc.
Padua, A., Crisostomo, R. – Practical and Explorational Physics Modular Approach,
Philippine Copyright 2003; Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Navaza, D., Valdes, B. – Physics Second Edition, Philippine Copyright 2001; SIBS
Publishing House, Inc.
Bentillo, E, et al. – Physics Textbook, Philippine Copyright 2012 ; UP-NISMED ,
Department of Education
Online sources:
Electromagnetic waves.png. (2020, September 11). Wikimedia Commons, the free
media repository. Retrieved 04:35, November 17, 2020 from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Electromagnetic_waves
.png&oldid=454935325.
Module 2: Textbooks
Palima, D.Z. , Ines, MD.B. – Physics, Philippine Copyright 2004; Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.
Calamlam, J.M. , Florido, A. –Science and Technology, Philippine Copyright 2015;
ABIVA Publishing House, Inc.
Padua, A., Crisostomo, R. – Practical and Explorational Physics Modular Approach,
Philippine Copyright 2003; Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Navaza, D., Valdes, B. – Physics Second Edition, Philippine Copyright 2001; SIBS
Publishing House, Inc.
Bentillo, E, et al. – Physics Textbook, Philippine Copyright 2012 ; UP-NISMED ,
Department of Education
Module 3: Textbooks
Acosta, H. D., Alvarez, L. A., Angeles, D. G., Arre, R. D., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A.
S., . . . Salazar, N. G. (2015). Unit 2 Module 3: Lights: Mirrors and Lenses. In
Science – Grade 10 Learner’s Material (First Edition ed., Ser. 2015, pp. 173-
211). Pasig City, NCR: Department of Education.
Acosta, H. D., Alvarez, L. A., Angeles, D. G., Arre, R. D., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A.
S., . . . Salazar, N. G. (2015). Unit 2 Module 3: Lights: Mirrors and Lenses. In
Science – Grade 10 Teacher’s Guide (First Edition ed., Ser. 2015, pp. 136-150).
Pasig City, NCR: Department of Education.
Online sources
Abramowitz, M., Spring, K. R., & Davidson, M. W. (n.d.). Introduction to Lenses and
Geometrical Optics. Retrieved September 23, 2020, from https://www.olympus-
lifescience.com/en/microscope-resource/primer/lightandcolor/lensesintro/
Blakesley, K. (2019, March 02). Types of Spherical Mirrors. Retrieved September
25, 2020, from https://sciencing.com/types-spherical-mirrors-7228359.html
Boundless Physics. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2020, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/other-optical-
instruments/

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Concave Mirrors And Convex Mirrors - Image Formation, Ray Diagram. (2020,
September 21). Retrieved September 23, 2020, from
https://byjus.com/physics/concave-convex-mirrors/
Difference Between Concave and Convex Lens - Image Properties. (2020, August
25). Retrieved September 23, 2020, from https://byjus.com/physics/difference-
between-concave-convex-lens/
Flournoy, B. (2020, January 21). What Is a Plane Mirror? Retrieved September 23,
2020, from https://sciencing.com/plane-mirror-5103685.html
Physics Tutorial: The Anatomy of a Curved Mirror. (n.d.). Retrieved September 25,
2020, from https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/Lesson-3/The-
Anatomy-of-a-Curved-Mirror
Ray Diagrams. (n.d.). Retrieved September 25, 2020, from
https://isaacphysics.org/concepts/cp_ray_diagrams
Module 4: Textbooks
Acosta, H. D., Alvarez, L. A., Angeles, D. G., Arre, R. D., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A.
S., . . . Salazar, N. G. (2015). Unit 2 Module 3: Lights: Mirrors and Lenses. In
Science – Grade 10 Learner’s Material (First Edition ed., Ser. 2015, pp. 173-
211). Pasig City, NCR: Department of Education.
Acosta, H. D., Alvarez, L. A., Angeles, D. G., Arre, R. D., Carmona, M. P., Garcia, A.
S., . . . Salazar, N. G. (2015). Unit 2 Module 3: Lights: Mirrors and Lenses. In
Science – Grade 10 Teacher’s Guide (First Edition ed., Ser. 2015, pp. 136-150).
Pasig City, NCR: Department of Education.
Online sources
Optical Instruments - Definition & Examples: Types of Optical Instrument. (2020,
August 26). Retrieved September 23, 2020, from
https://byjus.com/physics/optical-instruments/
Bloomfield, L. (1997, April 08). How does an overhead projector work? Retrieved
September 23, 2020, from
https://howeverythingworks.org/1997/04/08/question-1130/
Pinhole Camera. (2019, June 14). Retrieved September 23, 2020, from
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/books/pinhole-camera/
Module 5: Textbook
K-12 Grade 10 Learner’s Module in Science. Force, Energy and Motion. Department
of Education
Online Sources:
K-12 Grade 10 Learner’s Module in Science. Force, Energy and Motion. Department
of Education
Electric Motor and Generator (2020, September 2)
©www.EasyTeacherWorksheets.com
FGC 700-1000 T21.jpg (category Electric motors) (22 August 2020) Wikimedia
Commons, the free media repository. Retrieved 05:57, September 25, 2020 from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Electric%20motor&title=
Special%3ASearch&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/medi
a/File:FGC_700-1000_T21.jpg
Generator (7 January 2009) Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository.
Retrieved 06:45, September 25, 2020 from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:High-Current_Copper-
Brush_Commutated_Dynamo.jpg

46
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