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#3 - Linear Systems - Substitution

This document provides a review of solving linear systems using substitution. It includes examples of setting up and solving systems by substitution. Key points are that substitution involves (1) isolating one variable in one equation, (2) substituting that equation into the other, and (3) solving the resulting single equation to find the point of intersection. Several practice problems are provided to allow students to apply the substitution method to various linear systems.

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70 views4 pages

#3 - Linear Systems - Substitution

This document provides a review of solving linear systems using substitution. It includes examples of setting up and solving systems by substitution. Key points are that substitution involves (1) isolating one variable in one equation, (2) substituting that equation into the other, and (3) solving the resulting single equation to find the point of intersection. Several practice problems are provided to allow students to apply the substitution method to various linear systems.

Uploaded by

mbuswell
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#3 ~ Linear Systems: Substitution

Recall 1
Recall 2
Substitution
Some Helpful Videos
Action Items

Recall 1
○ A linear system is two (or more) relations represented together at the same time.

○ (
A solution to a linear system is an assignment of values 𝑥 1, 𝑦 ) that is a
1
member of all relations in the system.
In other words, the solution is a point that is on every line in the system.
In other words, the point of intersection of the lines in the system is the solution.

○ We can use algebra to represent systems and verify solutions.

○ Linear systems can have zero, one or lots of solutions.

Recall 2
○ Simplifying expressions by expanding and collecting like terms.
Example: The linear expression 3(𝑥 + 4) − 5(𝑥 + 1) + 8𝑥 will simplify as
=3𝑥 + 12 − 5𝑥 − 5 + 8𝑥
=6𝑥 + 7

○ Solving Linear Equations.


Example: The equation 3(𝑥 + 4) − 5(𝑥 + 1) + 8𝑥 = 9𝑥 − 2(4𝑥 + 4) has the
solution
6𝑥 + 7 = 𝑥 − 8
5𝑥 = − 15
𝑥= −3

○ Rearranging Linear Equations.


Example: The equation 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 10 = 0 can be rearranged as
2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = − 10 and also as
2
𝑦= 5
𝑥 + 2 and also as
5
𝑥= 2
𝑦−5
Substitution
● Substitution is an algebraic method of solving linear systems.

Step 1: Ensure that (at least) one of the equations in the system is solved for y (or x).

Step 2: Substitute the equation that is solved for y (or x) into the other equation and
solve that new linear equation for x (or y).
This is the abscissa (or ordinate) at the point of intersection.

Step 3: Substitute this number into one of the equations and solve for y (or x).
This is the ordinate (or abscissa) at the point of intersection.

● Example: Use substitution to find the point where 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 1 and 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −8


meet.

Solution: Step 1: Notice the first line is already solved for 𝑦 so it can be substituted.
If it was not we would have to rearrange the equation.
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 1
(𝑦) = (4𝑥 − 1)

Step 2: Substituting the first equation into the second we get


3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = − 8
3𝑥 − 2(𝑦) = − 8
3𝑥 − 2(4𝑥 − 1) = − 8
And solving we get 𝑥=2
This is the x-coordinate (abscissa) at the point of intersection.
We still need to find the y-coordinate (ordinate) when 𝑥 = 2

Step 3: Substituting 𝑥 = 2 into either line in the system we get 𝑦 = 7

The lines in the system intersect at the point (2, 7).

● The algebra gets interesting when solving linear systems that have zero or many
solutions. Think how many 𝑥-values satisfy 3𝑥 = 3 or 3𝑥 = 0 or 0𝑥 = 3 or
0𝑥 = 0.
Some Helpful Videos

Solving Linear Equations

Solving Linear Systems Using Substitution

#3 Action Items

❏ Read Key Ideas on Pg 87


❏ Assigned learning tasks #1-7 are listed below.
❏ Complete them digitally or using pencil and paper and hand in by attaching files of your
work to this assignment.
❏ Save your work in your notes binder. Be organized.
❏ Questions listed after the “enriched” are optional.

1. Solve each equation.


a) 15 − 𝑥 = − 5 b) 4𝑥 = 22

c) 6𝑧 + 8 = 9𝑧 − 7 d) 2𝑦 − 6 = 10 + 11𝑦 + 5

𝑥 4
e) 5(2𝑥 − 1) + 9 = 2(𝑥 − 2) f) 12
= 21

2 3𝑦+1
g) 3
𝑥 + 1 = 11 h) 2
= 5

Enriched:
𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 5𝑦 1
i) 2
− 3
= 4− 10
j) 3
− 6
= − 2

𝑥+2 𝑥−2 𝑥+1 2 − 3𝑥


k) 2
+ 5
= 2 l) 3
− 2
= − 1
2. Solve the following systems using the method of substitution.

a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 9 b) 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 4 and 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16

c) 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 21 and 4𝑥 − 16 = 𝑦 d) 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10 and 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7

e) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 and 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 13 f) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4

3. The difference between two angles in a triangle is 11°.


The sum of the same two angles is 77°.
Use a linear system to determine the measures of all three angles in the triangle.
Hint1: First find the two angles that sum to 77°.and differ by 11°
Hint2: Recall the Angle Sum Triangle Theorem

4. Simplify each equation, and then solve the linear system by substitution

a) 2(𝑥 − 4) + 𝑦 = 6 and 2𝑥 − 2(𝑦 − 3) = 13

b) 2(𝑥 − 1) − 4(2𝑦 + 1) = − 1 and 𝑥 + 3(3𝑦 + 2) − 2 = 0

5. The following three lines all intersect at one point.


Find the value of k.
Hint: First find the coordinates of the point of intersection.

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7 and 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 16 and 4𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 = 9

6. Solve using the substitution method.


(a) 𝑦 = − 3𝑥 − 5 (b) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7
4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 8 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5

2 8
7. Enriched: Solve the system:
𝑥
+ 𝑦
=0

3 4 −2
𝑥
+ 𝑦
= 𝑥𝑦

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