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    EV3 Class Chater 1

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    2B Dai Ko DUPLICATE
    The document discusses motor torque calculations for electric vehicles. It covers: 1. Calculating the various forces acting on a vehicle in motion - rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, gradient resistance, and acceleration forces. 2. Calculating these forces for different vehicles at various velocities and road grades to determine the total tractive effort, torque required, and power required. 3. Comparing the different forces and power requirements between 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers, and 4-wheelers. 4. Discussing the concept of drive cycles and their importance in estimating energy consumption and vehicle performance.

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    EV3 Class Chater 1

    Uploaded by

    2B Dai Ko DUPLICATE
    17 views32 pages
    The document discusses motor torque calculations for electric vehicles. It covers: 1. Calculating the various forces acting on a vehicle in motion - rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, gradient resistance, and acceleration forces. 2. Calculating these forces for different vehicles at various velocities and road grades to determine the total tractive effort, torque required, and power required. 3. Comparing the different forces and power requirements between 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers, and 4-wheelers. 4. Discussing the concept of drive cycles and their importance in estimating energy consumption and vehicle performance.

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    The document discusses motor torque calculations for electric vehicles. It covers: 1. Calculating the various forces acting on a vehicle in motion - rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, gradient resistance, and acceleration forces. 2. Calculating these forces for different vehicles at various velocities and road grades to determine the total tractive effort, torque required, and power required. 3. Comparing the different forces and power requirements between 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers, and 4-wheelers. 4. Discussing the concept of drive cycles and their importance in estimating energy consumption and vehicle performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views32 pages

    EV3 Class Chater 1

    Uploaded by

    2B Dai Ko DUPLICATE
    The document discusses motor torque calculations for electric vehicles. It covers: 1. Calculating the various forces acting on a vehicle in motion - rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, gradient resistance, and acceleration forces. 2. Calculating these forces for different vehicles at various velocities and road grades to determine the total tractive effort, torque required, and power required. 3. Comparing the different forces and power requirements between 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers, and 4-wheelers. 4. Discussing the concept of drive cycles and their importance in estimating energy consumption and vehicle performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 32

    Electric Vehicle-III

    1.Motor torque calculations for Electric Vehicle [4 hr]

    Er. Sachidananda Bajagain, IOE Thapathali

    1.1 Calculating the rolling resistance


    1.2 Calculating the grade resistance
    1.3 Calculating the acceleration force
    1.4 Finding the total tractive effort
    1.5 Torque required on the drive wheel
    Learning Objective
    • What is Gross Vehicle Weight?
    • What are the forces on a vehicle while driving?
    • What is effect of road condition in vehicle dynamics?
    • What is aerodynamic drag?
    • What is the force requirement for uphill drive?
    • How much traction force is required?
    • How much torque is required to move a vehicle?
    • How much power is required to drive a vehicle?
    • How much energy is required to carry out a road trip?
    • What is drive cycle?
    • Forces on a vehicle while driving

    ❶ Rolling Resistance Force


    ❷ Aerodynamic Drag
    ❸ Gradient Resistance Force
    ❹ Acceleration Force
    Rolling resistance force

    𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙=𝑐r𝑚𝑔
    v

    where
    cr-coefficient of rolling resistance
    m-mass of the vehicle [kg]
    g -standard gravity [9.8m/s2]
    v-speed of the vehicle [m/s]

    Rolling Resistance Force


    Rolling resistance force

    𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙=𝑐𝑟𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃)

    •Approx. independent of speed

    •Opposing the driving direction

    •Coefficient 𝑐𝑟is around 0.01-0.02

    5
    Aerodynamic drag force
    7
    8
    • Forces on a vehicle while driving
    ❶ Rolling Resistance Force
    𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙= 𝑐𝑟𝑚𝑔cosƟ

    ❷ Aerodynamic Drag
    𝐹aero = 0.5* 𝑐𝑑 ∗ ρ* Af *𝑣2

    ❸ Gradient Resistance Force


    𝐹grad = mg sinƟ

    ❹ Acceleration Force
    𝐹net = ma

    𝐹net = 𝐹trac − ( 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙 + 𝐹aero + 𝐹grad )


    Assignment 1.1
    • Calculate the Forces due to rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag and
    gradient for the following vehicles assuming ρ = 1.2 (kg/𝑚3 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑
    ϴ = 80 for the three vehicle given in table at the given velocity.
    At V1 = 30kmph
    • 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙 = 𝑐𝑟𝑚𝑔cosƟ = 22.5N
    • 𝐹aero = 0.5*ρ* Af *𝑣2 = 29.4N
    • 𝐹grad = mg sinƟ = 273N
    Aerodynamic drag and Power
    • For a two wheeler with velocity of 50kmph , 𝑐𝑑 = 0.9, ρ=1.2 and
    A= 0.5

    • For a two wheeler with velocity of 25kmph , 𝑐𝑑 = 0.9 ρ=1.2 and


    A= 0.5

    • For a two wheeler with velocity of 10kmph , 𝑐𝑑 = 0.9 ρ=1.2 and


    A= 0.5
    Traction Power & Torque
    • The traction power creates a force ona vehicle to move forward
    P𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐 = Ft𝑟ac ∗ 𝑣

    • The resulting torque T on the vehicle wheel created by the force


    • 𝑇= Ft𝑟ac ∗ 𝑟𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙
    • The energy consumed by vehicle is
    𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 =∫𝑃t𝑟ac* dt
    Assignment 1.2
    • Gradient Resistance Force
    𝐹grad = mg sinƟ
    Calculate the gradient force, torque and
    power at 5 degree and 12 degree and
    velocity 30kmph for following vehicle
    1. 2-wheeler of m=180 kg, r wheel =0.28m
    2. 3-wheeler of m=600kg, r wheel =0.2m
    3. 4-wheeler of m=1000kg, r wheel =0.31m
    Rolling Resistance Force
    • Rolling Resistance Force
    𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙= 𝑐𝑟𝑚𝑔cosƟ
    The rolling resistance coefficient is a function of
    • Tyre material
    • Tyre structure
    • Tyre temperature
    • Tyre inflation pressure
    • Road roughness
    • Road material
    • Tread geometry
    • Presence of absence of liquid on the road
    Force due to rolling resistance is also a function velocity at high
    speed only.
    𝑐𝑟= 𝑐𝑟0 (1+v/160)
    Rolling Resistance Force and power (2W
    and 3W)
    Rolling Resistance Force and power
    required (4W)
    Aerodynamic Drag Force and power
    required
    v Calculate aerodynamic drag forcce and
    power required for 2-wheeler with 𝑪𝑫(𝟎.𝟗 ,
    A=0.5sq.m, ρ=1.2 kg m−3 at velocity
    50kmph, 25kmph and 10kmph respectively.
    Aerodynamic Drag Force and
    power required
    v Calculate aerodynamic drag forcce and
    power required for 2-wheeler with 𝑪𝑫(𝟎.𝟗 ,
    A=0.5 sq.m, ρ=1.2 kg m−3 at velocity
    50kmph, 25kmph and 10kmph respectively.
    Ø 𝑭𝑫(𝟓𝟎𝒌𝒎𝒑𝒉) =𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ (𝟓𝟎/𝟑. 𝟔) 𝟐 = 52.1N
    Ø 𝑭𝑫(𝟐𝟓𝒌𝒎𝒑𝒉) =𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ (𝟐𝟓/𝟑. 𝟔) 𝟐 = 13N
    Ø 𝑭𝑫(𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒎𝒑𝒉) =𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ (𝟏𝟎/𝟑. 𝟔) 𝟐 = 2N
    Ø 𝑷𝑫(𝟓𝟎𝒌𝒎𝒑𝒉) =723.6 W
    Ø 𝑷𝑫(𝟐𝟓𝒌𝒎𝒑𝒉) =90.2 W
    Ø 𝑷𝑫(𝟏𝟎𝒌𝒎𝒑𝒉) =5.5 W
    Gradient Resistance Force:

    Source: IIT Madras


    Power required to climb:

    Source: IIT Madras


    Power required for acceleration:

    Source: IIT Madras


    Average power for acceleration:

    Source: IIT Madras


    Power for acceleration:

    Source: IIT Madras


    Comparing Force and Power : 2W

    Note:
    Ø Gredient and acceleration not required together
    Source: IIT Madras
    Ø Gredient never done at high speed
    Comparing Force and Power : 3W
    Comparing Force and Power : 4W
    (Sedan)
    Comparing Force and Power :
    4W (Sedan)

    Source: IIT Madras


    Drive Cycle:
    Ø A driving cycle is a series of data points representing
    the speed of a vehicle versus time.
    Ø It defines how vehicle is driven.
    Ø It will helps to estimate energy consumption, range,
    charging behaviour, regenerative braking etc.
    Ø Each vehicle type (2w, 3w, 4w) may have its own drive
    cycle.
    Ø Each city may have its own drive cycle.
    Assignment 2.1
    Assignment 2.1

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