RIZAL’S EXILE  Rizal was given the choice to live in the

house of the parish priest, Fr. Antonio

 Jose Rizal’s arrival in Manila on June 26, Obach or at Carnicero’s house
1892 had become very sensational
 He could live in the priest’s quarters
among the Filipinos. His popularity
only if;
feared the Spaniards, and such paid
 He publicly retracted his
careful attention to his every move – all
Masonic and antichurch beliefs
houses where he had been were
 He regularly participate in
searched and the Filipinos seen in his
church rites
company were suspected.
 He conduct himself as a good
 As he had planned, on July 3, 1892 he Spanish subject and a man of
founded the La Liga Filipina in the religion
house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo,
 Rizal made him a bust and composed a
Manila.
poem in his honor A Don Ricardo
 Four days after the civic organization’s Carnicero on his birthday on August 26,
foundation, Jose Rizal was arrested by 1892
the Spanish authorities on four grounds:
1. For publishing anti- Catholic and Life in Talisay
anti- friar books and articles;
2. For having in possession, a  Both men betted on the lottery and
bundle of handbills, the Pobres won 20,000 pesos
Frailes, in which advocacies  Lottery ticket number: 9736
were in violation of the Spanish  He used his money to build an
orders; octagonal house made up of bamboo
3. For dedicating his novel, El and nipa in Talisay
Filibusterismo to the three  Rizal built a school and accepted
“traitors” (Gomez, Burgos, students with no tuition
Zamora) and for emphasizing  The other part was used for his eye
on the novel’s title page that clinic
“the only salvation for the  He also built a house for the ladies in his
Philippines was separation from family who were free to visit him in
the mother country (referring Dapitan
to Spain)”; and  Carnicero also wrote a letter to
4. For simply criticizing the religion Governor General to allow his mother
and aiming for its exclusion and sisters to join him in Dapitan
from the Filipino culture.  May 4, 1893- Carnicero was replaced by
Captain Juan Sitges
RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN  He did not want living with a deportee
 July 17, 1892- Rizal, together with his  He assigned Rizal to live in a house near
guard Captain Ricardo Carnicero, the headquarters
arrived in Dapitan.
 The Jesuits sent is old professor at the  He stayed in dapitan for four years,
Ateneo, Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez- thirteen days and a few hours.
to entice him back to the Church  August 6, 1896- upon arriving in Manila
 He helped clean up the plaza of Dapitan Bay, Rizal was not able to leave
and lit it up at night with coconut oil immediately for Spain since the vessel
lamps Isla de Luzon already left
 Rizal fell in love with the eighteen-year  He was transferred to Spanish cruiser
old Josephine Bracken Castilla and stayed for a month from
 Rizal and Josephine tried to have August 6 to September 2, 1896
themselves married in Catholic rites but  August 19, 1896- the Katipunan plot to
Fr. Obach required that Rizal retract his overthrow the Spanish rule by means of
beliefs revolution. It was discovered by Fr.
 Rizal’s relatives and friends looked at Mariano Gil after Teodoro Patino’s
Josephine with suspicion and disclosure of organization’s secrets
condescension  At that time, Katipunan was already
 Pablo Mercado- a spy of the friars who discovered and the Philippine
posed as Rizal’s relative (Florencio Revolution was already raging.
Namaan- his true name)  August 26, 1896- Bonifacio and
 Pio Valenzuela- an emissary of Andres Katipunan raised the Cry of Revolution
Bonifacio, he was asking for advice on (Sigaw ng Pugadlawin) in the hills of
how to launch a revolution. He offered Balintawak, a few miles North of Manila
to have the Katipunan assist him in  In the afternoon, Governor general
escaping from Dapitan Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the
 Rizal objected to the projected first eight provinces for rising arms
revolution, the revolutionaries must against against Spain (Manila, Bulacan,
have enough arms and weapons Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga,
Nueva Ecija and Tarlac
The End of the Dapitan Exile  Rizal received letters from Governor
 When Cuba was under revolution and General Blanco which absolved him
raging yellow fever epidemic, Rizal from all the blame for the raging
wrote to Governor General Ramon revolution
Blanco offering his service as a military  He transferred to Isla de Panay which
doctor. was sailing for Barcelona, Spain
 Governor General Ramon Blanco- he  Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay
approved the request of Rizal on July 1, and take advantage of the protection of
1896 British Law
 At the midnight of that day, he left
aboard the steamer Espana
 The townspeople of Dapitan wept
because they considred Rizal as a good
son and neighbor
 ARREST AND
 Documentary evidences and oral
testimonies were taken and were used
to implicate Rizal in the Philippines
TRIAL Revolution

Documentary Evidences:
 September 30- the Isla de Panay had
already sailed past Port Said in Egypt -includes letters which allegedly implicate
and now sailing in the Mediterranean Rizal in the Propaganda Movement, several
 A telegraphic message was received transcripts of speech wherein his name was
ordering that Rizal be placed under used by the Katipunan, as well as several of
arrest his poems which were highly nationalistic in
 Bernardino Nozaleda- Archbishop of nature.
Manila who clamored for the arrest of
1. A letter from Antonio to Mariano Ponce,
Rizal who was said to be the spirit of
dated Madrid, October 16, 1888, showing
Philippine Revolution
Rizal’s connection with the Filipino reform
 October 3- the Isla de Panay arrived in
campaign in Spain.
Barcelona and Rizal was sent to a
prison-fortress, Montjuich Castle 2. A letter of Rizal to his family, dated
 Rizal’s interview with Despujol he would Madrid, August 20,1890, stating that the
be shipped back to Manila deportations are good for they will
 On the night of the same day, after the encourage the people to hate tyranny.
interview, Rizal was taken aboard the
Colon which was loaded with Spanish 3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar
troops sailed for Manila toDeodato Arellano, dated Madrid, January
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto 7, 1889,implicating Rizal in the propaganda
Lopez- they exerted all their efforts to movement campaign in Spain.
find a lawyer in Singapore who could
4.A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly
aid their friend
written by Rizal in Manila on September 12,
 Attorney Hugh Fort- an English lawyer in
1891
Singapore
 Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lionel, the 5.A letter from Carlos Oliver to an
judge in Singapore denied the request unidentifiedperson, dated Barcelona,
 November 3, 1896- the Colon arrived in September 18, 1891,describing Rizal as the
Manila Bay and Rizal was taken to Fort man to free the Philippines
Santiago
 November 20, 1896- Rizal was brought 6.A Masonic lodge document, dated
before a Spanish military tribunal Manila,February 9, 1892, honoring Rizal for
headed by Colonel Francisco Olive his patriotic services
 Oral testimonies were taken and were 7.A letter signed Dimasalang (Rizal’s
used to implicate Rizal in the Philippines pseudonym)to Tenlunz (Juan Zulueta’s
Revolution pseudonym), dated Hongkong, May 24,
1892,stating that he was preparing a safe Dapitan school boys sing that they know
refuge for Filipinos who may persecuted by how to fight for their rights
the Spanish authorities
Testimonial Evidences:
8.A letter to Dimasalang to an unidentified
committee, dated Hongkong, June 1, 1.Martin Constantino
1892,soliciting the aid of the committee in 2.Aguedo del Rosario
the “patriotic work” 3.Jose Reyes
4. MoisesSalvador
9.An anonymous and undated letter to the 5.Jose Dizon
Editor of Hongkong Telegraph, ensuring the 6.DomingoFranco
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan. 7.Deodato Arellano
8.Ambrosio Salvador
10.A letter from Idefonso Laurel to Rizal, 9.Pedro Serrano Laktaw
dated Manila, September 3, 1892, saying 10.Dr. Pio Valenzuela
that the Filipino people look up to him 11.Antonio Salazar
(Rizal) as their savior 12.Francisco Quison
11. A letter from Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, 13.Temoteo Paez
informing anunidentified correspondent of
the arrest and thebanishment of Doroteo  Governor General appointed Captain
Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador. Rafael Dominquez to institute charges
against Rizal
12. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don  Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade- the lawyer of
Juan A.Tenluz, dated Madrid, June 1, 1893 Jose Rizal and brother of his former
recommending theestablishment of a bodyguard Jose Taviel de Andrade
special organization to help thecause of the  December 13- the case was forwarded
Filipino people. to Governor general Camilo de
Polavieja- replacement of Governor
13.Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio
Blanco
Jacinto) in a reunion to the Katipunan on
 Rizal’s actual trial began on December
July 23, 1893, in which thefollowing cry
26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of
uttered “Long Live thePhilippines! Long
Banners of the Cuartel de Espana in Fort
LiveLiberty! Long live Doctor Rizal!Unity!”
Santiago
14.Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik (Jose  Rizal was charged with three crimes:
Turiano Santiago) in the same Katipunan rebellion, sedition, and formulation of
reunion, where in they shouted: “Long live illegal associations
the eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to the  In defending himself, Rizal presented
oppressor nation!” twelve arguments
1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela,
15.A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Rizal was against rebellion
Talisay in which the author makes the 2. He had not written a letter
addressed to the Katipunan
 comprising revolutionary 11. He lived an exemplary life in
elements Dapitan- the politico-military
3. Without his knowledge, his commanders and missionary
name was used by the priests in the province could
Katipunan; if he really was attest to that
guilty, he could have escaped 12. If according to witnesses the
while he was in Singapore speech he delivered at Doroteo
4. If he was guilty, he should have Ongjunco’s house had inspired
left the country while in exile; the revolution, then he wanted
he shouldn’t have built a home, to confront these persons. If he
bought a parcel of land or really was for the revolution,
established a hospital in then why did the Katipunan
Dapitan sent an unfamiliar emissary to
5. If he was really the leader of the him in Dapitan? It is so because
revolution, the revolutionists all his friends were aware that
should have consulted him. he never advocated violence
6. He did not deny that he wrote
the by-laws of the La Liga  The court judged Rizal guilty for the
Filipina, but to make things charges and voted for the death penalty
clear, the organization was a  December 28, 1896- Governor General
civic association, not a Polavieja signed Rizal’s death warrant
revolutionary society ordering him to be shot at 7:00 o’clock
7. After the first meeting of La in the morning at Bagumbayan
Liga, the association was  Rizal signed it saying that he was
displaced because of his exile in innocent
Dapitan, thus, did not last long.
8. If the La Liga was reorganized EXECUTION
nine months later, he had no
idea about it. Dr. Jose Rizal, a national hero of the Philippines,
9. If the La Liga had a was executed on December 30, 1896, at
revolutionary purpose, then Bagumbayan, now known as Rizal Park or
Katipunan should not have Luneta Park, in Manila. Rizal's execution marked
been organized a pivotal moment in the Philippine struggle for
10. If the Spanish authorities found independence against Spanish colonial rule.
his letters having bitter
Reasons behind the Execution:
atmosphere, it was because in
1890 his family was being he execution of Jose Rizal was primarily driven
persecuted resulting to their by political and ideological reasons. While Rizal
dispossession of properties and was not directly involved in the armed struggle
deportation of all his brothers- for Philippine independence, his writings and
in-law. advocacy for reforms posed a threat to the
Spanish colonial authorities.
 1. Writings and Novels: Rizal already knew that he was a dead man
even before his death verdict was handed
Rizal's novels, "Noli Me Tangere" and "El down. He was executed by a firing squad of
Filibusterismo," were critical of the Spanish native soldiers at Bagumabayan, Manila on
colonial regime, exposing the abuses and December 30, 1896.
injustices suffered by the Filipino people under
Spanish rule. The novels, though fictional, had a • At 3:30 am, Fr. Balaguer led a
profound impact on the public and were mass, where Rizal made a
perceived as a challenge to the status quo. confession and received
Communion.

• Later, at 5:00 am, he ate his last

2. Propaganda Movement: breakfast and signed some
Rizal was associated with the Propaganda memorabilia which will be
Movement, a group of Filipino intellectuals in passed to his mother and his
Europe advocating for reforms in the sister, Trinidad.
Philippines. The movement sought to address • During this time, Jose Rizal and
issues such as discrimination, abuse of power by Josephine Bracken were
friars, and lack of representation in Spanish canonically blessed as husband
governance. and wife by Fr. Balaguer.
3. Association with the Katipunan: • A few minutes before 7 Rizal is
While Rizal was not directly involved in the transferred from Fort Santiago
revolutionary activities of the Katipunan, a to Ateneo Municipal de Manila,
secret society that aimed for Philippine where he spent his last hours.
independence, some members of the He was visited by his mother
movement sought his support. The discovery of and his sister Narcisa.
the Katipunan's existence and its revolutionary • At 8 in the morning, he arrived
plans heightened Spanish concerns. at Bagumbayan Field, with his
4. Political Pressure on Governor-General elbows tied behind his back,
Blanco: wearing his black suit, black
necktie, black hat, black shoes
The Spanish colonial administration was under and white vest. During his long
pressure to suppress any potential uprising, and march he was accompanied by
Governor-General Ramon Blanco was facing Jesuit priest, Fr. Vicente
criticism for being too lenient. To demonstrate Balaguer.
their commitment to maintaining control,
Spanish officials ordered Rizal's arrest and swift • At 9:00 am, he was blindfolded
trial. and asked to kneel down facing
the firing squad. Three minutes
What happened during the Execution? later, the firing squad fired their
 weapons at Rizal, which led to revolutionary organization that
his death. had been founded by Andres
Bonifacio, grew in strength and
• At 9:05, Rizal was declared support, and many Filipinos
dead. joined the cause.
• Later in the day, he was buried • Increased international
in a shallow grave at Paco attention: Rizal's execution
Cemetery. drew international attention to
Effects of Rizal’s Execution in the Philippines the plight of the Filipinos under
Spanish colonial rule. It helped
The tragic passing of Jose Rizal was not merely a to generate sympathy for the
moment frozen in history. It ignited an Philippine cause and raised
indomitable flame within the hearts of Filipinos awareness about the need for
across generations. Rizal's martyrdom served as reform.
a crucible, and drew out nationalism,
inspiration, and pride, infusing these virtues • Contributed to the end of
deeply into the very fabric of our identity. Spanish colonial rule: Rizal's
execution, along with the
• Rizal’s execution sparked an ongoing Philippine Revolution,
awakening realization that the contributed to the eventual end
destiny of the Philippines lies in of Spanish colonial rule in the
the hands of its people, Philippines. The revolutionaries
particularly the impassioned continued to fight for their
youth, who carry within them independence, and in 1898, the
the aspirations for a sovereign Philippines was ceded to the
and empowered nation. United States as part of the
Treaty of Paris.
• The sacrifice and tragic
execution of Jose Rizal stand as Summary of the Topic:
enduring testaments that
inaugurate the definition of the The anniversary of Rizal's execution, December
national hero, leaving a 30, is commemorated as Rizal Day in the
footprint that until today his Philippines. It is a national holiday dedicated to
legacy continues to embrace honoring Rizal's life, sacrifices, and
the ideals of courage, a catalyst contributions to the country's struggle for
for change, and a symbol of an independence.
eternal Filipino spirit. Rizal's execution was a result of the perceived
• Increased support for the threat he posed to Spanish colonial authority
revolution: Rizal's death further due to his writings, association with reform
galvanized Filipinos to support movements, and the potential influence he
the revolution. The Katipunan, a could have on the growing sentiment for
independence in the Philippines. His death,
however, had the unintended consequence of
galvanizing the Filipino people and inspiring
them to continue the struggle for freedom.

Rizal's execution played a pivotal role in

galvanizing the Filipino people's resolve to
pursue independence, marking a crucial chapter
in the nation's history and contributing to the
broader movement for decolonization in
Southeast Asia.