Cloud Technologies

Chapter 1 – Introduction

Nanyang Polytechnic/School of Engineering

Cloud Technologies
Module Outline
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 Introduction to Cloud Technology
 Evolution of cloud computing
 What is cloud technologies?
 Benefits of using cloud technologies
 Cloud technologies applications
 Cloud Services
 Software as a service (SaaS)
 Platform as a service (PaaS)
 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
 Cloud Deployment Model
 Public cloud
 Private cloud
 Hybrid cloud
 Community cloud
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Module Outline
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 Virtualization
 What is virtualization?
 Why virtualization?
 Disadvantages of virtualization
 Virtualization and cloud
 Virtualization layers
 Virtualization techniques
 Virtualization and security
 Types of virtualization.
 Cloud Deployment Model
 Public cloud
 Private cloud
 Hybrid cloud
 Community cloud
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Module Outline
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 Cloud management & Cloud Security
 Cloud Management
 What is Cloud Management?
 Characteristics of Cloud Management
 Hybrid Cloud Management Challenges
 Cloud Management Platform (CMP)
 Cloud Security
 Cloud Computing Security and Risk
 Personal Computing Security
 Change of Mindset

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Module Outline
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 Emerging trends
 Cloud computing extension
 Edge computing
 Microservices
 Serverless computing
 Cloud computing trends
 5G
 IoT
 Big data
 AI

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Evolution of Computing
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Evolution of Cloud Computing
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Computing Models
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 Grid Computing
 Resource sharing across several domains
 Decentralized, open standards
 Global resource sharing

 Utility Computing
 Don’t buy computers, lease computing power
 Upload, run, download
 Ownership model

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Grid Computing
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 A form of distributed computing that implements a virtual

super-computer made up of a cluster of networked or Inter-
networked computers acting in unison to perform very large
tasks
 The term Grid comes from an analogy to the Electric (Power)
Grid
 Electric grid provides pervasive access to power.
 Computing grid provides pervasive, consistent, and inexpensive
access to vast computational resources.
 Grid computing is all about achieving greater performance
and throughput by pooling resources on a local, national, or
international level.
 Goal: to create the illusion of a simple yet large and powerful
self managing virtual computer out of a large collection of
connected heterogeneous systems sharing various
combinations of resources
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Grid Computing
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 Types of resources shared
 Computation power (CPUs)
 Storage
 Communication
 Software
 Special equipment and devices
 Grid computing applications
 Weather forecasting
 Biomedical research
 Industrial research
 Engineering research
 Computational Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Finance

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Utility/On-Demand Computing
11  Utility computing is a model of pricing and delivery
 Provision of computational and storage resources as a
metered service, similar to those provided by a traditional
public utility company (such as power companies)
 In certain aspect, cloud computing is a form of utility
computing
 public cloud services which is billed for usage
 excludes private cloud deployed within enterprise

 On-demand computing is seen as an increasingly popular

enterprise model in which computing resources are made
available to the user as needed
 Evolved to overcome the challenges of meeting fluctuating
resource demands efficiently
 Over-engineering or under-engineering both have their
cons.
 Cloud computing has elements of on-demand computing
 Resources can be added or deleted based on needs
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What is Cloud Computing?
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 Cloud computing entails

 accessing of services, including applications, storage, and
servers through the Internet
 making these services accessible to companies for a fee
 enabling companies to store and access programs or data
virtually anywhere anytime i.e. in a cloud, rather than on local
hard drives or servers.
 In short, cloud computing is the evolution of
 integrating various technologies (networking, virtualization,
servers, applications)
 providing a better support for companies to build their IT
infrastructure with lower total cost of ownership (TCO)
 Why do we call it a cloud?
 We don’t really care where the applications or servers are
running or located. It is somewhere out there in the “cloud”
Cloud Technologies
Cloud Computing Definition
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Wikipedia Definition

Cloud computing is a concept of using the internet to allow people to

access technology-enabled services.

It allows users to consume services without knowledge of control over

the technology infrastructure that supports them.

NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) Definition

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.

This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five

essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment
models.
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Cloud Computing Characteristics
14  Broad network access
 Capabilities are available over the network (Internet)
and accessed through standard mechanisms that
promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client
platforms (e.g. mobile devices, laptops, and PDAs).
 Resource Pooling
 Resources are shared (i.e., multiple users use the same
resource) at the network level, host level, and
application level via multi-tenancy and shared resources

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Cloud Computing Characteristics
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 Rapid Elasticity
 Rapidly increase and decrease their
computing resources as needed, as
well as release resources for other
uses when they are no longer
required.

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Cloud Computing Characteristics
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 Measured Service
 Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported
providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of
the utilized service.
 Service is metered and billed if needed.
 Pay as you go.
 On-demand self-service
 Consumer can automatically provision computing resources (e.g.
application, server, network storage) as needed without requiring
human interaction
 Resources can be requested and made available as required

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Why Cloud Computing?
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 No equipment outlay required
 Reduced complexity
 No need to pay for servers not required
 Guard against obsolete hardware
 No need to worry about capacity planning
 Can add and remove capacity anytime to meet demands
 Low start-up cost
 New organization need not worry about setting up expensive
hardware and servers.
 Less in-house IT staff, less expenses
 Pay as use
 Ease the software maintenance
 No CD to install on all computers
 No need to worry about software upgrade Cloud Technologies
Why Cloud Computing?
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 Convenient for users

 Simply log in and use the applications anywhere, and
anytime
 Location independence
 Redundancy and disaster planning
 Let the cloud provider take care of ensuring
infrastructure, storage and applications redundancy
 Let the cloud provider take care of disaster planning
 Off-site backup, alternative locations, etc.

Cloud Technologies