Basic of Evaluation Measurement

Results- practice
Exercise no.2

25/09/23 Engineering Metrology 1

International Systém of Units

25/09/23 2
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Practical examples of the basic gauges
▪ Vernier calliper,
▪ Micrometer,
▪ Dial indicator,
▪ Gauge blocks,
▪ Guages.
Measuring device
Measuring device used to determine the measured value:
➢Absolute - value reading ,
➢Comparative - deviation from the set value,
➢Tolerance of measurement - dimension is within tolerance or not .
The basic measuring device
Vernier Calliper - is a simple hand measuring device for determination of length proportions of
components. In the craft slang is often called Šupler or Šupler (from him. Schub-Lehre). It is used
primarily in engineering and industry. A standard calliper works on the principle of vernier.
Sliding Scale - basic 150 mm.
Vernier Calliper
How to read scale
Vernier Calipers Dial Calipers

Graduation 0,05 mm Graduation 0,01 mm

(1) Main scale 16 mm (1) Main scale 16 mm
(2) Vernier 0,15 mm (2) Vernier 0,13 mm
Reading 16,15 mm Reading 16,13 mm

About left, 0,15mm (2) is read at the position where a main scale graduation line corresponds with
a vernier graduation line.
Ways measurement
Digital calliper

Measurement of external and internal dimension and depth

Special Purpose Caliper Applications
Point jaw type Offset jaw type Depth type

- For uneven surface - For stepped feature - For depth

measurement measurement measurement
Blade jaw type

- For diameter of narrow

groove measurement
Sliding scale
▪ Accuracy - Length can be read with an accuracy of 0.1 mm, 0.05 mm and 0.02 mm,
and digital calipers accurate to 0.01 mm. For less precise measurements used metal
or other ruler for precise measurements using micrometers.
▪ Tenth (1/10) vernier is a scale long 9 mm or 19 mm divided into 10 equal pieces. A
vernier calliper with tenth vernier has the value of the smallest interval 0.1 mm.
Vernier calliper with twentieth vernier has accuracy 0.05 mm and fiftieth vernier has
accuracy 0.02 mm. Since the eighties of the 20th century, digital vernier calliper
(Figure 11) started to be used.
Examples subtraction
A= 7
B = 65
Value = 7,65 mm

A= 8
B = 64
Value = 8,64 mm
Sliding scale
Nonic scale
▪ The principle of the vernier scale with a precision of 0.1 mm is that the nine
divisions basic scale is divided into 10 divisions nonic scale.
Sliding scale
Nonic scale
▪ The principle of the vernier scale with an accuracy of 0.05 mm is that the base
pieces 19 of the scale 20 is divided into a graduated nonic.
Caliper - measuring principle
• Caliper with an accuracy of 0.05 mm
Caliper - measuring principle
• Value of 8.9 mm
Caliper - measuring principle
• Value of 125,3 mm
 Caliper - measuring principle
• Value of 107,55 mm
Caliper - measuring principle
• Value of 54,80 mm
Caliper - measuring principle
• Value of 0,46 mm
The principle of measurement - Angle reading
• Value of 12°10
Micrometric measuring devices
▪ Micrometer used for accurate measurement of external dimensions.
Description
▪ Micrometer is based on a micrometer screw. Using the so-called. Ratchets
achieve constant contact pressure between the probe touches. With this
construction, we are able to achieve precision measurements of 0.01 mm.
It is used for more accurate measurements than caliper. Its main drawback is
the small measuring range and need careful handling
Digital micrometric measuring device

The value of 1 run scale is 0.01 mm. A scale with vernier and with accuracy
of 0.001 mm is produced exceptionally.
 Parts of a micrometre

▪ The u-shaped frame is designed to be rigid and stable. It supports the anvil and the
sleeve of the micrometer.
▪ The frame is held by the user whilst measurements are taken.
Micrometer - principles for work
The measurement procedure
1. The workpiece is clamped onto between the measuring surface.
2. The micrometer screw is screwed "ratchet" until "not slipping„.
3. Micrometer the adjusting ring is fixed.
4. Micrometer with a sliding movement takes off from the workpiece.
5. Subtract the value.
The micrometer is important to keep!!
▪ The gauge must only hold under stirrup or stick leaning against a palm
portion below the thumb and forefinger or thumb to rotate the drum
graduated or ratchet.
To eliminate errors in serial measurements caused by heat-hand
micrometer is often clamped into a holding rack.
Types of micrometers 2 - Mechanical micrometer
- Outside Micrometer
1 - Digital Micrometer
with digital indicator

4 -Mechanical Micrometer with

3- Micro indicating snap interchangeable anvils for increasing the scale
measuring device (Indicating and a digital scale (outside micrometer)
Micrometer)
 Spline Micrometer

Digital Spline Micrometers are micrometers that have stepped-down, smaller measuring faces
that are designed to help you measure difficult applications like shafts, slots and keyways.

Blade Micrometer

The anvil and spindle of blade micrometers are blade-shaped

so that hard-to-reach dimensions such as the diameter of a
narrow external groove can be measured.
 Disk Micrometre (rotating)

The measuring faces of disc micrometers are disc-shaped to allow the measurement of shrouded features
such as gear teeth.
This micrometer is ideal for the measurement of root tangent length of spur and helical gears.

Screw Thread Micrometer

And other types of measuring devices operating on the

principle micrometer screw.
1- Spline Micrometer 2-Disk Micrometer

3-Micrometer 40 AS with sliding spindle and 4 - Screw Thread Micrometer

measuring blades

And other types of measuring devices operating on the principle micrometer screw.
Micrometer - measuring principle

THE SECOND SCALE

THE FIRST SCALE

• Valeu of 8,255 mm
Micrometer – measuring principle

Measurements provided by a micrometer are made up of a combination of

values taken from the sleeve scale, the thimble scale and, on some
micrometers, the vernier scale.
 Micrometer
• Value of 54,80 mm
Micrometer
• Value of 5,955 mm
Micrometer
▪ Value of 6,005 mm
Micrometer

▪ Value of 5,995 mm
Dial indicator
▪ Dial indicators are simple measuring gauges for precise
measurement of a very small distance. Dial indicators can be
single-turn, multi-turn or less than single-turn.
▪ Dial indicators have only a small stroke. That is why they are
mainly used for comparative measurements in conjunction with
a hard measuring stand. Zero on the scale is scrollable so it is
possible to set the relative zero in any position of the contact.
Dials Indicator

Dial indicator analog Dial indicator digital

Dial indicator with stands

1. Removable cap
2. Stroke of the touch bar
3. Display
4. Control buttons
5. Clamping stem
6. Touch bar
7. Measuring touch 901
8. Data output
9. Battery compartment
Dial indicator – measuring principle
▪ Value of 1,93 mm
Dial indicator – measuring principle
▪ Value of 0,386 mm
Gauge blocks
▪ Gauge blocks were introduced in measurement for the first
time by a Swedish scientist C. E. Johanson. Gauge blocks realize
concrete length as distance of grinding and lapping end surface.
The most often used gauge blocks in the shape of a cross 9 x 30
mm to nominal length 10.5 mm and 9 x 35 mm over 10.5 mm of
length. The measurement surfaces are machined with a very
high dimensional precision, surface roughness and flatness.
Gauge blocks

[3]
Gauge blocks
▪ Gauge blocks are produced in sets with graded sizes. To assemble an exact
proportion, gauge blocks assemble together and create a block of gauge blocks.
Gauge block are connected by insertion of one cleansed gauge block on the
second and adhesive force retains thaem together thanks to high flatness and
low roughness. This process is called suction. Two connected gauge blocks can
withstand power up to 1000 N. When assembling gauge blocks, there is a rule
that to compile the dimension we use the minimum of gauge blocks. Assembled
gauge blocks should be composed only for the time necessary. They are
disassembled similarly to assembly – moving towards each other. They must not
be unstuck because the surface of gauge blocks can be degraded. The next
figure shows description of a gauge block.
Progress at suction of gauge blocks
Calliper gauges division
▪ non-tolerance - they have only one shape, which is compared with the controlled
item,
▪ tolerance – they have a good side and a rejected side.
▪ They are used to check the upper (lower) limit size of shafts (holes).
▪ The controlled dimension lies in the tolerance field if the good side passes and the
rejected fails.

▪ In practice 3 types of calliper gauges:

▪ workshop – used in production,
▪ take over – used when the customer takes over the products,
▪ comparison – to check workshop and take over calliper gauges.
Limit gap gauge double-sided
The standard requires a clear distinction of the rejected side from the good
side, for example:
▪ color mark rejected side,
▪ by contraction of the rejected side,
▪ by shortening of the measuring surface of the rejected side,
▪ number or word mark.
LIMIT GAP GAUGE DOUBLE-SIDED
- For Outside Measurement - shaft

- For Inside Measurement - hole

 FLAT LIMIT BORE
Calliper gauges GAUGE
LIMIT GAP GAUGE DOUBLE-SIDED

LIMIT PLUG GAUGE

LIMIT GAP GAUGE SINGLE-SIDED -

ADJUSTABLE

SCREW THREADS
 Thank you for Attention!
Ing. Lenka Čepová, Ph.D.

(A1008) +420 597 324 396

(TL1, RP104) +420 597 329 463

[email protected]

www.vsb.cz, www.346.vsb.cz, http://lms.vsb.cz

25/09/23 Engineerring Metrology 54