1

Single-phase transformer
A Transformers Turns Ratio

N1 = No. of turns in primary

N2 = No. of turns in secondary
m = Maximum flux in core in Weber’s
= BmA
1-
2- E1 = 4.44 f N1 m = 4.44 f N1 BmA
3- E2 =4.44 f N2 m = 4.44 f N2 BmA
4- V 1 = E1 and E2 = V 2

Transformer “No-load” Condition

 2

Transformer “On-load
 3

Lag p.f Lead p.f

Unity p.f
 4

Open-circuit or No-load Test

Short –circuit Test (Impedance Test)

5
 6

Single-phase transformer
Example.1. The maximum flux density in the core of a 250/3000-volts, 50-Hz single-phase
transformer is 1.2 Wb/m2. If the e.m.f. per turn is 8 volt, determine (i) primary and secondary
turns (ii) area of the core.

Example 2. A single-phase transformer has 400 primary and 1000 secondary turns. The net
cross-sectional area of the core is 60cm2.If the primary winding be connected to a 50-Hz
supply at 520 V, calculate (i) the peak value of flux density in the core (ii) the voltage induced
in the secondary winding.

Example.3. A single phase transformer has 500 turns in the primary and 1200 turns in the
secondary. The cross-sectional area of the core is 80 sq.cm.If the primary winding is
connected to a 50 Hz supply at 500 V, calculate (i) Peak flux-density, and (ii) Voltage induced
in the secondary.

Example 4 A 2,200/200-V transformer draws a no-load primary current of 0.6 A and absorbs
400 watts. Find the magnetising and iron loss currents. (b) A 2,200/250-V transformer takes
0.5 A at a p.f. of 0.3 on open circuit. Find magnetising and working components of no-load
primary current.

Example5 Asingle-phase transformer has 1000 turns on the primary and 200 turns on the
secondary. The no load current is 3 amp. at a p.f. of 0.2 lagging. Calculate the primary current
and power-factor when the secondary current is 280 Amp at a p.f. of 0.80 lagging.

Example 6. A single-phase transformer with a ratio of 440/110-V takes a no-load current of5A
at 0.2 power factor lagging .If the secondary supplies a current of 120A at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging,
estimate the current taken by the primary

Example 7. A transformer has a primary winding of 800 turns and a secondary winding of
200 turns. When the load current on the secondary is 80 A at 0.8 power factor lagging, the
primary current is 25 A at 0.707 power factor lagging. Determine graphically or otherwise
the no-load current of the transformer and its phase with respect to the voltage
 7

Example 8 .A30kVA, 2400/120-V,50-Hz transformer has a high voltage winding resistance of

0.1 and a leakage reactance of 0.22. The low voltage winding resistance is 0.035 and
the leakage reactance is 0.012 . Find the equivalent winding resistance, reactance and
impedance referred to the (i) high voltage side and (ii) the low-voltage side.

Example 9. Obtain the equivalent circuit of a 200/400-V, 50-Hz, 1-phase transformer from
the following test data :
O.C test: 200 V, 0.7 A, 70 W – on L.V. side
S.C. test: 15 V, 10 A, 85 W – on H.V. side
Calculate the secondary voltage when delivering 5 kW at 0.8 p.f. lagging, the primary voltage
being200V.

Example 10. Consider a 20 kVA, 2200/220 V, 50 Hz transformer. The O.C./S.C. test results
are as follows :
O.C. test : 220 V, 4.2 A, 148 W (1.v. side)
S.C. test : 86 V, 10.5 A, 360 W (h.v. side)
Determine the regulation at 0.8 p.f. lagging and at full load. What is the p.f. on short-circuit?

Example 11. A short-circuit test when performed on the h.v. side of a 10 kVA, 2000/400 V
single phase transformer, gave the following data ; 60 V, 4 A, 100 W.
Ifthe1.v.side is delivering full load current at 0.8p.f.lag and at 400V, find the voltage applied
to h.v.side.

Example 12 A 10 kVA, 500/250 V, single-phase transformer has its maximum efficiency of

94%when delivering 90% of its rated output at unity p.f. Estimate its efficienc ywhen
delivering its full-load output at p.f. of 0.8 lagging.

Example 13A 4-kVA, 200/400V, single-phase transformer takes 0.7 amp and 65W on Open-
circuit. When the low-voltage winding is short-circuited and 15 V is applied to the high-
voltage terminals, the current and power are 10A and 75W respectively. Calculate the full-
load efficiency at unity power factor and full-load regulation at 0.80 power-factor lagging
 8

solution
Example.1. The maximum flux density in the core of a 250/3000-volts, 50-Hz single-phase
transformer is 1.2 Wb/m2. If the e.m.f. per turn is 8 volt, determine (i) primary and secondary
turns (ii) area of the core.

Example 2. A single-phase transformer has 400 primary and 1000 secondary turns. The net
cross-sectional area of the core is 60cm2.If the primary winding be connected to a 50-Hz
supply at 520 V, calculate (i) the peak value of flux density in the core (ii) the voltage induced
in the secondary winding.

Example.3. A single phase transformer has 500 turns in the primary and 1200 turns in the
secondary. The cross-sectional area of the core is 80 sq.cm. If the primary winding is
connected to a 50 Hz supply at 500 V, calculate (i) Peak flux-density, and (ii) Voltage induced
in the secondary
 9

Example 4 A 2,200/200-V transformer draws a no-load primary current of 0.6 A and absorbs
400 watts. Find the magnetising and iron loss currents. (b) A 2,200/250-V transformer takes
0.5 A at a p.f. of 0.3 on open circuit. Find magnetising and working components of no-load
primary current.
.

Example5 Asingle-phase transformer has 1000 turns on the primary and 200 turns on the
secondary. The no load current is 3 amp. at a p.f. of 0.2 lagging. Calculate the primary current
and power-factor when the secondary current is 280 Amp at a p.f. of 0.80 lagging.
.
 10

Example 6. A single-phase transformer with a ratio of 440/110-V takes a no-load current of5A
at 0.2 power factor lagging .If the secondary supplies a current of 120A at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging,
estimate the current taken by the primary

Example 7. A transformer has a primary winding of 800 turns and a secondary winding of
200 turns. When the load current on the secondary is 80 A at 0.8 power factor lagging, the
primary current is 25 A at 0.707 power factor lagging. Determine graphically or otherwise
the no-load current of the transformer and its phase with respect to the voltage
 11

Example 8 .A30kVA, 2400/120-V, 50-Hz transformer has a high voltage winding resistance
of 0.1 and a leakage reactance of 0.22. The low voltage winding resistance is 0.035 and
the leakage reactance is 0.012 . Find the equivalent winding resistance, reactance and
impedance referred to the (i) high voltage side and (ii) the low-voltage side.

Example 9. Obtain the equivalent circuit of a 200/400-V, 50-Hz, 1-phase transformer from
the following test data :
O.C test : 200 V, 0.7 A, 70 W – on L.V. side
S.C. test : 15 V, 10 A, 85 W – on H.V. side
Calculate the secondary voltage when delivering 5 kW at 0.8 p.f. lagging, the primary voltage
being200V.
 12

Example 10. Consider a 20 kVA, 2200/220 V, 50 Hz transformer. The O.C./S.C. test results
are as follows :
O.C. test : 220 V, 4.2 A, 148 W (1.v. side)
S.C. test : 86 V, 10.5 A, 360 W (h.v. side)
Determine the regulation at 0.8 p.f. lagging and at full load. What is the p.f. on short-circuit?
 13

Example 11. A short-circuit test when performed on the h.v. side of a 10 kVA, 2000/400 V
single phase transformer, gave the following data ; 60 V, 4 A, 100 W.
Ifthe1.v.side is delivering full load current at 0.8p.f.lag and at 400V, find the voltage applied
to h.v. side.

Example 12 A 10 kVA, 500/250 V, single-phase transformer has its maximum efficiency of

94%when delivering 90% of its rated output at unity p.f. Estimate its efficienc ywhen
delivering its full-load output at p.f. of 0.8 lagging.

Example 13A 4-kVA, 200/400V, single-phase transformer takes 0.7 amp and 65W on Open-
circuit. When the low-voltage winding is short-circuited and 15 V is applied to the high-
voltage terminals, the current and power are10A and 75W respectively. Calculate the full-
load efficiency at unity power factor and full-load regulation at 0.80 power-factor lagging
14
 15

3-phase, transformer

Example.1. A 3-phase, 50-Hz transformer has a delta-connected primary and

Star connected secondary, the line voltages being2 2,000V and 400V respectively .The
secondary has a star- connected balanced load at 0.8 power factor lagging. The line current
on the primary side is 5 A. Determine the current in each coil of the primary and in each
secondary line. What is the output of the transformer in kW?

Example.2. A 500-kVA, 3-phase, 50-Hz transformer has a voltage ratio (line voltages) of
33/11-kVand is delta/star connected. The resistances per phase are: high voltage 35, low
voltage 0.876and the iron loss is 3050 W. Calculate the value of efficiency at full-load and
one-half off upload respectively (a) at unity p.f. and (b) 0.8p.f

Example .3 A 100-kVA, 3-phase, 50-Hz 3,300/400 V transformer is -connected on the h.v.

side and Y-connected on the l.v. side. The resistance of the h.v. winding is 3.5 per phase
and that of the l.v. winding 0.02 per phase. Calculate the iron losses of the transformer at
normal voltage and frequency if its full-load efficiency be 95.8% at 0.8 p.f. (lag)

Example 4. A 5,000-kVA, 3-phase transformer, 6.6/33-kV, /Y, has a no-load loss of 15 kW

and a full-load loss of 50 kW. The impedance drop at full-load is 7%. Calculate the primary
voltage when a load of 3,200 kW at 0.8 p.f. is delivered at 33kV.
 16

3-phase, transformer
Example.1. A 3-phase, 50-Hz transformer has a delta-connected primary and
Star connected secondary, the line voltages being2 2,000V and 400V respectively .The
secondary has a star- connected balanced load at 0.8 power factor lagging. The line current
on the primary side is 5 A. Determine the current in each coil of the primary and in each
secondary line. What is the output of the transformer in kW?
Solution. It should be noted that in three-phase transformers, the phase transformation ratio is equal to the turn
ratio but the terminal or line voltages depend upon the method of connection employed. The /Y connection is
shown in Fig.

Example.2. A 500-kVA, 3-phase, 50-Hz transformer has a voltage ratio (line voltages) of
33/11-kVand is delta/star connected. The resistances per phase are: high voltage 35, low
voltage 0.876and the iron loss is 3050 W. Calculate the value of efficiency at full-load and
one-half off upload respectively (a) at unity p.f. and (b) 0.8p.f
 17

Example .3 A 100-kVA, 3-phase, 50-Hz 3,300/400 V transformer is -connected on the h.v.

side and Y-connected on the l.v. side. The resistance of the h.v. winding is 3.5 per phase
and that of the l.v. winding 0.02 per phase. Calculate the iron losses of the transformer at
normal voltage and frequency if its full-load efficiency be 95.8% at 0.8 p.f. (lag)

Example 4. A 5,000-kVA, 3-phase transformer, 6.6/33-kV, /Y, has a no-load loss of 15 kW

and a full-load loss of 50 kW. The impedance drop at full-load is 7%. Calculate the primary
voltage when a load of 3,200 kW at 0.8 p.f. is delivered at 33kV.
.
18
 19

A.C. generators (synchronous machine) (alternators)

P = total number of magnetic poles
N = rotative speed of the rotor in r.p.m.
f = frequency of generated e.m.f. in Hz.

RMS voltage
𝟐𝝅𝒇𝑻ɸ
EA = =√𝟐𝝅𝒇Tɸ =4.44𝒇Tɸ
√𝟐

Magnetization curve (open-circuit characteristic) of a synchronous machine

Vector Diagrams of a Loaded Alternator.

 20

1-drop due to armature resistance, IRa

2-drop due to leakage reactance , IXL
3-drop due to armature reaction IXa
4- Synchronous reactance XS. XS = XL + X a
5- Total voltage drop in an alternator under load is
= IRa + j IXS = I(Ra + j XS) = IZS
6-E0 = No-load e.m.f. it represents the maximum value of the induced e.m.f.
7-E = Load induced e.m.f. It is the induced e.m.f. after allowing for armature
reaction.
8- E is vectorially less than E0 by IXa. Sometimes, it is written as Ea
9-V = Terminal voltage, It is vectorially less than E0 by IZS or it is vectorially less
than E by IZ where

10-
It may also be written as Za.
11- I = armature current
12 - phase a Φ = load p.f. angle
 21

Voltage Regulation

1-Synchronous Impedance or E.M.F. Method.

2-The Ampere-turn or M.M.F. Method.
3-Zero Power Factor or Potier Method.
All these methods require
1-Armature (or stator) resistance Ra
2-Open-circuit/No-load characteristic.
3-Short-circuit characteristic (but zero power factor lagging characteristic
for Potier method).

Value of Ra
Can be measured directly by voltmeter and ammeter method or by using Wheatstone bridge

Synchronous Impedance method

 22

O.C. Characteristic, S.C. Characteristic

 23

Synchronous
Example 1. A 3-phase, star-connected alternator supplies a load of 10 MW at p.f. 0.85 lagging
and at 11 kV (terminal voltage). Its resistance is 0.1 ohm per phase and synchronous
reactance 0.66 ohm per phase. Calculate the line value of e.m.f. generated

Example 2 The effective resistance of a 2200V, 50Hz, 440 KVA, 1-phase, alternator is
0.5 ohm. On short circuit, a field current of 40 A gives the full load current of 200 A. The
electro- motive force on open-circuits with same field excitation is 1160 V. Calculate the
synchronous impedance and reactance

Example3 A60-KVA, 220V, 50-Hz, 1-alternator has effective armature resistance of 0.016
ohm and an armature leakage reactance of 0.07 ohm. Compute the voltage induced in the
armature when the alternator is delivering rated current at a load power factor of (a) unity
(b) 0.7 lagging and (c) 0.7leading
 24

Example 4 In a50-kVA,star-connected,440-V,3-phase,50-Hzalternator,theeffective armature

resistance is 0.25 ohm per phase. The synchronous reactance is 3.2 ohm per phase and
leakage reactance is 0.5 ohm per phase. Determine at rated load and unity power factor:(a)
Internal e.m.f. Ea (b) no-load e.m.f. E0 (c) percentage regulation on full-load (d) value of
synchronous reactance which replaces armature reaction.
 25

Example 5. Find the synchronous impedance and reactance of an alternator in which a given
field current produces an armature current o f200A on short-circuit and a generated e.m.f.
of 50 V on open-circuit. The armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. To what induced voltage must
the alternator be excited if it is to deliver a load of 100A at a p.f .of 0.8 lagging, with a terminal
voltage of 200V

Example 6 From the following test results, determine the voltage regulation of a 2000-V, 1-
phase alternator delivering a current of 100 A at (i) unity p.f. (ii) 0.8 leading p.f. and (iii) 0.71
lagging p.f.
Test results : Full-load current of 100 A is produced on short-circuit by a field excitation of
2.5A.
An e.m.f. of 500 V is produced on open-circuit by the same excitation. The armature resistance
is 0.8
 26

Example7 A 100-kVA, 3000-V, 50-Hz 3-phase star-connected alternator has effective

armature resistance of 0.2 ohm. The field current of 40 A produces short-circuit current of
200A and an open-circuit emf of 1040 V (line value). Calculate the full-load voltage
regulation at 0.8 p.f. lagging and 0.8 p.f. leading. Draw phasor diagrams.
 27

Example8. A3.5-MVA,Y-connected a alternator at 4160 volts at 50-Hz has the open- circuit
characteristic given by the following data

A field current of 200 A is found necessary to circulate full-load current on short-circuit ofthe
alternator. Calculate by (i) synchronous impedance method and (ii) ampere-turn method the
full- load voltage regulation at 0.8 p.f. Lagging. Neglect resistance. Comment on the results
obtained
 28

Example 9. The following test results are obtained on a 6,600-V alternator:

A field current of 20 A is found necessary to circulate full-load current on short-circuit of the

armature. Calculate by (i) the ampere-turn method and (ii) the synchronous impedance
method the full-load regulation at 0.8 p.f.(lag) .Neglect resistance and leakage reactance
.State the draw backs of each of these methods
 29

Example 10. A 3-phase, 800-kV A, 3,300-V, 50-Hz alternator gave the following results:

The armature leakage reactance drop is 10% and the resistance drop is 2% of the normal
voltage. Determine the excitation at full-load 0.8 power factor lagging by the m.m.f. method
 30

zero power factor

Example 11. A 3-phase, 6,00-V alternator has the following O.C.C. at normal speed :

Field amperes : 14 18 23 30 43
Terminal volts : 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

With armature short-circuited and full-load current flowing the field current is 17 A and
when the machine is supplying full-load of 2,000 kVA at zero power factor, the field current
is 42.5 A and the terminal voltage is 6,000 V.
Determine the field current required when the machine is supplying the full-load at 0.8 p.f.
lagging
31
 32

Output power
Example 12. Derive the condition for the maximum output of a synchronous generator
connected to infinite bus-bars and working at constant excitation. A 3-, 11-kV, 5-MVA, Y-
connected alternator has a synchronous impedance of (1 + j 10) ohm per phase. Its excitation
is such that the generated line e.m.f.is 14kV.If the a alternator is connected to infinite bus-
bars, determine the maximum output at the given excitation

Example 13. A 3-phase, 11-kVA, 10-MW, Y-connected synchronous generator has

synchronous impedance of (0.8 + j 8.0) ohm per phase. If the excitation is such that the open
circuit voltage is 14 kV, determine (i) the maximum output of the generator (ii) the current
and p.f. at the maximum output
33
 34

Synchronous motor

Example 14. A 75-kW, 3-, Y-connected, 50-Hz, 440-V cylindrical rotor synchronous motor
Operates at rated condition with 0.8 p.f. leading. The motor efficiency excluding field and
stator losses, is 95% and X S = 2.5 . Calculate (i) mechanical power developed (ii) armature
current (iii) back e.m.f. (iv) power angle and (v) maximum or pull-out torque of the motor.
 35

Induction motor

Ns: Synchronous speed , N: the actual speed of the rotor

The difference between the synchronous speed Ns and the actual
speed N of the rotor is known as slip
 36

Frequency of Rotor Current

37
38
 39

At running condition
 40

Starting condition( at standstill (‫حالة الوقوف التام‬

Nr=0 , slip (S) = 1
41
 42

Induction motor
Example .1.A slip-ring induction motor runs at 290 r.p.m. at full load, when connected to 50-
Hz supply. Determine the number of poles and slip

Solution. SinceN is 290 rpm; Ns has to be somewhere near it,say300rpm.

If Ns is assumed as 300 rpm, then 300=12050/P .Hence, P=20.
S= (300290)/300=3.33%

Example .2.The stator of a 3-induction motor has 3 slots per pole per phase. If supply
frequency is 50 Hz, calculate
(i) Number of stator poles produced and total number of slots on the stator
(ii) Speed of the rotating stator flux (or magnetic field).

Solution.(i) P = 2n = 2  3 = 6poles
Total No.ofslots = 3 slots/pole/phase  6 poles
 3 phases = 54 (ii)
Ns=120f/P=12050/6=1000r.p.
m.
 43

Example.3.A4-pole, 3-phase induction motor operates from a supply whose frequency

Is 50 Hz. Calculate?
(i) The speed at which the magnetic field of the stator is rotating.
(ii) The speed of the rotor when the slip is0.04.
(iii) The frequency of the rotor currents when the slip is0.03.
(iv) The frequency of the rotor currents at standstill.

Solution. (i) Stator field revolves at synchronous speed, given by

Ns = 120 f/P = 120  50/4 = 1500 r.p.m.
(ii) rotor (or motor) speed, N = Ns (1 s) = 1500(1  0.04) = 1440 r.p.m.
(i) frequency of rotor current , f= sf = 0.0350 =1.5r.p.s = 90r.p.m
(iv) Since at standstill, s = 1, f =sf = 1f =f =50Hz

Example .4.A 3-induction motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied from 50-Hzsystem.
Calculate (i) the synchronous speed (ii) the rotor speed, when slip is 4% and (iii) rotor
frequency when rotor runs at600rpm
Solution.(i) Ns=120f/P=12050/4=1500rpm
(ii) rotor speed, N=Ns(1s)=1500(10.04)=1440rpm

iii) when rotor speed is 600 rpm, slip is

s = (Ns N)/Ns = (1500  600)/1500 = 0.6
rotor current frequency, f = sf= 0.6  50 = 30Hz

Example .5.A 12-pole, 3-phase alternator driven at a speed of 500 r.p.m. supplies power to
an8-pole, 3-phase induction motor. If the slip of the motor, at full-load is 3%,calculate the
full-load speed of the motor
 44

Example6.The power in put to the rotor of 440V, 50Hz, 6-pole, 3-phase, induction motor is
80 kW. The rotor electro motive force is observed to make 100 complete alterations per minute.
Calculate: (i) the slip, (ii) the rotor speed, (iii) rotor copper losses per phase
 45

Example 7.A 440-V, 3-, 50-Hz, 4-pole, Y-connected induction motor has a full-load speed
of 1425rpm.The rotor has an impedance of (0.4+J4) ohm and rotor/stator turn ratio of 0.8.
Calculate (i) full-load torque (ii) rotor current and full-load rotor Cu loss (iii ) power output
if windage and friction losses amount to 500 W (iv) maximum torque and the speed at which
it occurs(v) starting current and (vi) starting torque.
46
 47

Example 8.The power input to a 3-phas induction motor is 60 kW. The stator losses total
1 kW. Find the mechanical power developed and the rotor copper loss per phase if the motor
is running with a slip of3%.

Example9.The power input to the rotor of a 400V, 50.Hz, 6-pole,3-phaseinductionmotor is

20 kW. The slip is 3%. Calculate (i) the frequency of rotor currents (ii) rotor speed (iii) rotor
copper losses and (iv) rotor resistance perp has if rotor current is 60A.

Example10 A3-phase,6-pole,50-Hz induction motor develops 3.73kW at 960 rpm. What will
be the stator input if the stator loss is280W?

Example11.The power input to the rotor of a 400V, 50-Hz, 6-pole, 3-induction

motoris75 kW. The rotor electromotive force is observed to make 100 complete
alteration per minute. Calculate:
(i) Slip (ii) rotor speed (iii) rotor copper losses per phase (iv) mechanical power
developed
 48

Example 12.A 100-kW (output), 3300-V, 50-Hz, 3-phase, star-connected induction motor has
a synchronous speed of 500 r.p.m. The full-load slip is 1.8% and F.L. power factor0.85. Stator
copper loss=2440W.Ironloss=3500W.Rotationallosses=1200W. Calculate (i) the rotor copper
loss (ii) the line current (iii) the full-load efficiency
 49

Example 13.A 400 V, 50-Hz, 6-pole, -connected, 3-induction motor consumes 45 kW with
a line current of 75 A and runs at a slip of 3%. If stator iron loss is 1200 kW, windage and
friction loss is 900 W and resistance between two stator terminals is 0.12 , calculate (i)
power supplied to the rotor P2 (ii) rotor Cu loss Pcr(iii) power supplied to load Pout (iv)
efficiency and (v) shaft torque developed.
 50

Example14 A3-phase induction motor has a 4-pole, star-connected stator winding and runs
on a 220-V, 50-Hz supply. The rotor resistance per phase is 0.1 and reactance 0.9 . The
ratio of stator to rotor turns is 1.75. The full-load slip is 5%. Calculate for this load:
(a) the load torque in kg-m
(b) speed at maximum torque
(c) rotor e.m.f. at maximum torque
 51

Example 15.A 3-phase induction motor has a 4-pole, Y-connected stator winding.
The motor runs on50-Hz supply with 200V between lines. The motor resistance and stand
still reactance per phase are 0.1 and 0.9 respectively .
Calculate
(a) The total torque at 4% slip (b) the maximum torque
(c) The speed at maximum torque if the ratio of the rotor to stator turns is 0.67. Neglect stator
impedance.

Example16 .Estimating the starting torque exerted by an 18.65-kW, 420-V,6-pole,50- Hz,

3-phase induction motor when an external resistance of 1 is inserted in each rotor phase.
stator impedance : (0.25 + j0.75) rotor impedance : (0.173 + J 0.52)
stator /rotor voltage ratio: 420/350 connection: Star-Star
 52

Example17.A3-phase, star-connected400V,50-Hz,4-pole induction motor has the following per

phase parameters in ohms, referred to the stators. R1 = 0.15, X1 =0.45, R2=0.12, X2=0.45,
Xm=28.5 Compute the stator current and power factor when the motor is operated at rated
voltage and frequency with s=0.04.
 53

Example 18.A 220-V, 3-, 4-pole, 50-Hz, Y-connected induction motor is rated 3.73 kW.The
equivalent circuit parameters are:
R1 = 0.45, X1=0.8;R2= 0.4, X2=0.8, B0=–1/3 0mho
The stator core loss is 50W and rotational loss is150W.For a slip of 0.04, find
(i)input current p.f .(iii)air-gap power(iv) mechanical power(v)electro-magnetic
torque(vi)output power and (vii) efficiency
 54

Example 19. A 440-V, 3-50-Hz, 37.3 kW, Y-connected induction motor has the following
parameters: R1 = 0.1,X1=0.4, R2=0.15, X2=0.44
Motor has stator core loss of 1250 W and rotational loss of 1000 W. It draws a no-load line
current of 20 A at a p.f. of 0.09 (lag). When motor operates at a slip of 3%, calculate (i) input
line current and p.f. (ii) electromagnetic torque developed in N-m (iii) output and (iv)
efficiency of the motor.