1

Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

Solution of Some Questions of Question Set :

1.

2 cos x 1 0

i) If f(x) = 1 2 cos x 1 , f   is equal a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d) -3.
3
0 1 2 cos x


2 cos 1 0
3 1 1 0
 
Solution : f   = 1 2 cos 1 = 1 1 1
3 3
0 1 1

0 1 2 cos
3

1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1 − 1 + 0 = 1  (1 − 1) − 1(1 − 0) = −1 Ans. b) -1
1 1 0 1 0 1

2 −6 3 4 − 12 6
ii) If  = 1 0 − 2 , then 3 0 − 6 is equal to
5 −3 4 − 10 6 −8

a) 6  b) -6  c) -12  d) 12 
4 − 12 6 2 −6 3
Solution : 3 0 − 6 = 2  3  (− 2 ) 1 0 − 2 = −12 Ans. c) -12 
− 10 6 −8 5 −3 4

1 a b a b c
iii) If A = 1 b c then b c a is a) 0 b) A c) –A d) none of these.
1 c a 1 1 1

a b c a b 1 C C 1 b a C  C 1 a b 1 a b
1 3 2 3
Solution : b c a = b c 1 = − 1 c b = (− )(− )1 b c = 1 b c = A Ans. b) A
1 1 1 c a 1 1 a c 1 c a 1 c a

GH(Mathematics)
 2
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

1  2
iv) The value of 2 1  is a)  b) -1 c) 0 d) none of these.
  2
1

1  2 1 +  + 2 1 +  + 2 1 +  + 2
R1 + R 2 + R 3
Solution : 2 1  = 2 1 
  2
1   2
1

0 0 0
= 2 1  =0
  2
1

0 a −b
v) The value of − a 0 − c is a) abc b) 0 c) a + b + c d) none of these.
b c 0

0 a −b 0 −a b
Solution : Let = −a 0 −c = a 0 c [Transposing]
b c 0 −b −c 0

0 a −b
or,  = (− 1)(− 1)(− 1) − a 0 − c = -  [taking common (-1) from 1st, 2nd and 3rd row]
b c 0

or, 2  = 0  = 0

4 −2 3
viii) If A = 2 0 6 , then the minor of the element 0 is a) -1 b) 1 c) 0 d) none of these.
7 1 5

4 3
Solution : The minor of the element 0 is = 20 − 21 = −1 . Ans. a) -1
7 5

0 −2 − 3
ix) If A = 2 0 − 6 , then the cofactor of the element 6 is a) -3 b) 6 c) -6 d) none of these.
3 6 0

0 −3
Solution : The cofactor of the element 6 is (− 1)3+ 2 = −(0 − (− 6)) = −6 Ans. c) -6.
2 −6

GH(Mathematics)
 3
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

5 0 3
x) Find the minor and cofactor of the elements in the position (1, 2 ) and (2, 3) respectively of 7 3 −1 .
0 4 2

Solution : Minor of the element in the position (1, 2 )

7 −1
= Minor of the element 0 = = 14 − 0 = 14 .
0 2

Cofactor of the element in the position (2, 3)

5 0
= Cofactor of the element -1 = (− 1)2 + 3 = −(20 − 0) = −20 .
0 4

a b c
xi) Prove that (a + b + c ) is a factor of b c a .
c a b

a b c R +R +R a + b + c a + b + c a + b + c 1 1 1
1 2 3
Solution : b c a = b c a = (a + b + c )b c a .
c a b c a b c a b

a b c
 (a + b + c) is a factor of b c a .
c a b

 0 7 4
 
xii) The matrix − 7 0 − 5 is
− 4 5 0 

a) symmetric b) skew symmetric c) singular d) none of these.

Solution : b) skew symmetric, since aij = −a ji and all the elements of leading diagonal are zero.
1 2 3 
 
xiii) The matrix 0 4 5 is a) a diagonal b) an upper-triangular
0 0 6

c) a lower triangular d) a symmetric matrix.

Solution : b) an upper-triangular, since all the elements below the leading diagonal are zero.

GH(Mathematics)
 4
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

1 0 0
 
xiv) The matrix 5 4 0 is a) a diagonal b) an upper-triangular
3 2 6

c) a lower triangular d) a symmetric matrix.

Solution : c) a lower triangular, since all the elements above the leading diagonal are zero.
1 2 2 1
xv) A=  and B =   , evaluate 2A − B .
3 4 4 3

1 2 2 1 2 4 2 1 0 3
Solution : 2A − B = 2 −  = −  =  Ans.
3 4 4 3 6 8 4 3 2 5

 − 1 1
xvi) If A =  2 3 , find AT .
 1 2

− 1 2 1 
Solution : A T =   Ans.
 1 3 2
xvii) If A is a square matrix then
a) A + AT symmetric b) A + AT skew-symmetric
c) A - AT symmetric d) A - AT skew-symmetric
Solution : a) A + AT symmetric and d) A - AT skew-symmetric, are correct options.
xviii) To multiply a matrix by a scalar k, multiply
a) any row by k b) every element by k c) any column by k.
Solution : b) every element by k , is correct answer.
5 4 1 − 2   − 3 − 14  1 − 2  1 3  3 − 14 
xix) If  X =   , then X equals a)   b)   c)   d)  
1 1 1 3   4 17  3 1   − 2 1  4 − 17 
−1
5 4 1 − 2   5 4  1 − 2 
Solution :  X =   or, X =     ……..(1)
1 1 1 3   1 1  1 3 

5 4 5 4
Let A =   . A = = 5− 4 =1
1 1 1 1

T
 1 −1  1 − 4  1 − 4
Adj.(A ) = [Matrix of cofactors]T =   =   and A −1 =  
− 4 5  −1 5 −1 5 

 1 − 4 1 − 2   − 3 − 14   − 3 − 14 
From (1), X =   =  Ans. a)  
 −1 5 1 3   4 17   4 17 

GH(Mathematics)
 5
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

3 2
xx) If A =   then A(adj A) equals
1 4

10 0   0 10  10 1 
a)   b)   c)   d) none of these.
 0 10  10 0   1 10 
T
 4 − 1  4 − 2
Solution : Adj A = (Matrix of cofactors)T =   =  
 − 2 3   −1 3 

3 2  4 − 2 10 0  10 0 
A(adj A) =    =   Ans. a)   .
1 4  −1 3   0 10   0 10 
xxi) Do yourself.

 1 − 1
xxii) If A =   , then A2 equals a) A b) 2A c) I2 d) none of these.
− 1 1 

2  1 − 1  1 − 1  1 + 1 − 1 − 1  2 − 2  1 − 1
Solution : A =   = = =2
2 − 1 1
= 2A Ans. b) 2A
− 1 1 − 1 1  − 1 − 1 1 + 1   − 2

 x y 4 3 2 6 
xxiii) If 3   = +  then the values of (x, y, z, t ) are
 z t  5 0 4 12
a) (2, 3, 4, 3) b) (2, 3, 3, 4 ) c) (2, 0, 3, 4 ) d) none of these.

 x y 4 3 2 6 
Solution : 3   = + 
 z t  5 0 4 12

or, 
3x 3y  6 9 
3z =
 3t  9 12
or, 3x = 6; 3y = 9; 3z = 9; 3t = 12

 x = 2; y = 3; z = 3; t = 4 Ans. b) (2, 3, 3, 4 )

 x + y 2 x + z  4 7 
xxiv) If  =  , then the values of x, y, z, w are
 x − y 2z + w  0 10
a) 2, 2, 3, 4 b) 2, 3, 1, 2 c) 3, 3, 0, 1 d) none of these.
x + y 2x + z  4 7
Solution :  = 
 x − y 2z + w  0 10
 x + y = 4; x − y = 0; 2x + z = 7; 2z + w = 10

or, x = 2; y = 2; z = 3; w = 4 Ans. a) 2, 2, 3, 4

GH(Mathematics)
 6
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

 a − b 2a + c − 1 5 
xxv) If  =  then the values of a, b, c and d are respectively
2a − b 3c + d   0 13
a) (1, -2, 3, -4) b) (1, 2, 3, 4) c) (1, 2, -3, 4) d) none of these.
Solution : Do yourself.
 x 3 2
 
xxvi) If A =  − 3 y − 7  and A = −A T , then x + y is equal to a) 2 b) -1 c) 0 d) 12.
− 2 7 0 

Solution : Do yourself.
1 0 0 
xxvii) If A = 0 1 0  , then A2 is equal to
a b −1

a) unit matrix b) null matrix c) A d) –A

Solution : Do yourself.
3 x + 1  x − 1 5
xxviii) Given  = , the values of x and y are
y 5  x − 3y 5

a) 4, 1 b) 1, 4 c) 2, 3 d) None of these.
Solution : Do yourself.

1 4 x y2 
xxix) If  =  , y  0 , then x − y + z = a) 5 b) 2 c) 1 d) -3
2 0  z 0

Solution : Do yourself.
1 2
 1 2
xxx) If A =  2 3  and B = 2 1 , then
3 4   

a) both AB and BA exist b) AB exists but BA does not exist

c) neither AB nor BA exist d) AB does not exist but BA exists.
Solution : Do yourself.
xxxi) Given the matrix A has size 3 4 . Then ATB and BAT are possible when B has size
a) 4  4 b) 4  3 c) 3 4 d) 3 3

Solution : Let A = (a ij )34 , then order of AT is (4  3) . Now ATB is possible if number of rows in B is 3. Let
( )3n . BAT is possible if n = 4. Therefore order of B is 3 4
B = bij Ans. c) 3 4

GH(Mathematics)
 7
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

 − i 0
xxxii) If A =   , then A A =
T
a) I b) –iA c) –I d) iA
 0 i 
Solution : Do yourself.
− 2 5 1
xxxiii) Matrix 1 2    is equal to
 3 2   2

a) 22 b) 23 c) 122  d) none of these.

− 2 5 1 1 
Solution : 1 2    = 4 9 2 = 22 . Ans. a) 22 .
 3 2   2  

xxxiv) If A is an orthogonal matrix, then A is

a) 1 b) -1 c) 1 d) 0.

Solution : Since A is an orthogonal matrix, AT A = AA T = I

or, A T A = AA T = I n or, A T A = 1 or, A A = 1

2
or, A = 1  A = 1 Ans. c) 1
xxxv) If A and B be two square matrices such that A2 = A and B2 = B and AB = BA, then

a) (AB)2 = I b) (AB)2 = AB c) (AB)2 = BA d) none of these.

Solution : (AB )2 = (AB )(AB ) = A(BA )B = A(AB )B = (AA )(BB ) = A 2 B2 = AB

2 3 5 
in order that 1 a 2  is a singular matrix is
5 5
xxxvi) The value of a a) − b) c) 2 d) none of these.
2 2
0 1 −1

2 3 5 
Solution : Let A = 1 a 2  . Since A is singular matrix A = 0
0 1 −1

2 3 5
or, 1 a 2 = 0 or, 2(− a − 2) − 3(− 1 − 0) + 5(1 − 0) = 0 or, a = 2 Ans.
0 1 −1

1 0 0
 
xxxvii) If I 3 = 0 1 0 then I 3 + 2I 3 equals to a) I3 b) 2 I3 c) 3 I3
2
d) none of these.
0 0 1

2
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
   
Solution : I 3 + 2I 3 = 0 1 0 + 20 1 0 = 0 1 0 + 20 1 0 = I 3 + I 3 = 2I 3  I2 = I
2  
  Ans. b) 2 I 3
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

GH(Mathematics)
 8
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

sin  cos    sin  cos 

xxxviii) If A =   and B =   find AB.
 1 0  cos  sin  
Solution : Do yourself.

xxxix) For two matrices A & B, (AB )T = BT AT TRUE / FALSE  .

Ans . TRUE

xl) For two matrices A & B, (AB )−1 = A −1B−1 TRUE / FALSE 

Ans. FALSE.

GH(Mathematics)
 9
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

5 2 3 17 19 18
2. Without expanding find the value of i) 7 3 4 ii) 58 60 59
9 4 5 97 99 98

5 2 3 R1 +R2 +R 3 21 9 12 7 3 4
Solution i) : 7 3 4 = 7 3 4 = 3 7 3 4 = 0 [As 1st and 2nd rows are identical]
9 4 5 9 4 5 9 4 5

17 19 18 C 2 + C1 + C 3
17 54 18 17 18 18
Solution ii) : 58 60 59 = 58 177 59 = 3 58 59 59 = 0 [since C2 and C3 are identical].
97 99 98 97 294 98 97 98 98

0 a b
3. Without expanding prove that − a 0 c =0
−b −c 0

0 a b 0 −a −b
Solution : Let  = − a 0 c =a 0 − c [ Interchanging rows with columns]
−b −c 0 b c 0

0 a b
or,  = (− 1)(− 1)(− 1)  − a 0 c [taking common (-1) from 1st, 2nd and 3rd row respectively]
−b −c 0

or,  = −  2 = 0  = 0
1 1 1
5. If x + y + z = 0 , then show that x y z = 0.
x3 y3 z3

1 1 1 1 0 0
 ( ) ( )
C 2 − C1 , C 3 − C1
Solution : x y z = x y−x z − x = 1 (y − x ) z3 − x 3 − (z − x ) y3 − x 3
x3 y3 z3 x3 y3 − x 3 z3 − x 3

( ) (
= (y − x )(z − x ) z 2 + zx + x 2 − y2 + yx + x 2 )
= (y − x )(z − x )(z 2
)
− y2 + zx − yx = (y − x )(z − x )(z − y )(x + y + z ) = 0  x + y + z = 0

GH(Mathematics)
 10
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

1+ a 1 1
 1 1 1
8. Prove that 1 1 + b 1 = abc 1 + + +  .
 a b c
1 1 1+ c

1 1 1
+1
1+ a 1 1 a a a
1 1 1
Solution : LHS = 1 1 + b 1 = abc +1
b b b
1 1 1+ c 1 1 1
+1
c c c

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1+ + + 1+ + + 1+ + +
a b c a b c a b c
R1 + R 2 + R 3
1 1 1
= abc
b b
+1
b
1 1 1
+1
c c c

1 1 1 1 0 0
C 2 − C1 , C 3 − C1
 1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 1
= abc1 + + + 
 a b c b b
+1
b = abc1 + + + 
 a b c b
1 0
1 1 1 1
+1 0 1
c c c c

 1 1 1
= abc1 + + +  = RHS.
 a b c

GH(Mathematics)
 11
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

1 + a3 a a2
10. Prove that 1 + b3 b b 2 = (1 + abc )(a − b )(b − c)(c − a ) .
1 + c3 c c2

1+ a3 a a2 1 a a2 a3 a a2
Solution : LHS = 1 + b 3 b b 2 = 1 b b 2 + b3 b b2
1 + c3 c c 2 1 c c 2 c3 c c2

1 a a2 a2 1 a
= 1 b b + abc b 2 1 b [Taking common a, b, c from 1st, 2nd and 3rd row respectively]
2

1 c c2 c2 1 c

1 a a2 1 a2 a
= 1 b b 2 − abc 1 b 2 b [Interchanging C1 with C2]
1 c c2 1 c2 c

1 a a2 1 a a2 1 a a2
= 1 b b + abc 1 b b = (1 + abc )1 b b 2
2 2

1 c c2 1 c c2 1 c c2

1 a a2
= (1 + abc ) 0 b − a b 2 − a 2 R 2 − R1, R 3 − R1 
0 c − a c2 − a 2

 ( ) (
= (1 + abc )(b − a ) c 2 − a 2 − (c − a ) b 2 − a 2 )
= (1 + abc )(b − a )(c − a )(c + a ) − (b + a ) = (1 + abc )(b − a )(c − a )(c − b )

= (1 + abc )(a − b )(b − c )(c − a ) = RHS

GH(Mathematics)
 12
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

x   1
 x  1
11. Prove that = (x −  )(x − )(x −  ) .
  x 1
   1

x   1 x   1
 x  1  − x x −
Solution : LHS = =
0 0
applying R 2 − R1, R 3 − R1, R 4 − R1 
  x 1 −x 0 x− 0
   1 −x 0 0 0

−x x − 0
= (− 1)1+ 4
1  − x 0 x− [Expanding with respect to 4th column]
−x 0 0

x − 0
= (− 1)1+ 4  1 ( − x )  (− 1)3+1 [Expanding with respect to 3rd row]
0 x−

= − ( − x )(x − )(x −  ) = (x −  )(x − )(x −  ) = RHS

x 3 7
14. If x = -9 is a root of 2 x 2 = 0, find the other two roots.
7 6 0

x 3 7 x +9 x+9 x+9
Solution : 2 x 2 = 0 or, 2 x 2 = 0 R1 + R 2 + R 3 
7 6 x 7 6 x

1 1 1
or, (x + 9 ) 2 x 2 = 0
7 6 x

1 0 0
or, (x + 9) 2 x − 2 0 = 0 C 2 − C1 , C3 − C1 
7 −1 x − 7

x−2 0
or, (x + 9)1 =0 or, (x + 9)(x − 2)(x − 7 ) = 0
−1 x − 7

 x = −9, 2, 7 i.e. other roots are 2 and 7.

GH(Mathematics)
 13
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

0 x y z
−x 0 z y
19. a) Evaluate the determinant by Chio’s Method .
−y −z 0 x
−z −y −x 0

0 x y z x 0 y z
−x 0 0 −x z y
C1  C2 
z y
Solution : =−
−y −z 0 x −z −y 0 x
−z −y −x 0 −y −z −x 0

x 0 x y x z
0 −x 0 z 0 y
− x2 xz xy
1 x 0 x y x z 1
=− = − 2 − xy yz x 2 + z2
(x )4−2 −z −y −z 0 −z x (x ) − xz − x 2 + y2 yz
x 0 x y x z
−y −z −y −x −y 0

x xz xy
= − 2  (− x ) y
1
yz x + z 2 [Taking (–x) common from 1st column]
2
(x ) z − x 2 + y2 yz

1 z y 1 z y
= − 2  (− x )(x ) y
1
yz x +z = y
22
yz x + z2
2
(x ) z − x + y2
2
yz z − x + y2
2
yz

1 z 1 y
1 y yz y x + z2
2
1 0 x 2 + z2 − y2
= = 3− 2 2
(1)3−2 1 z 1 y (1) y − x 2 − z 2 0
z y − x2
2
z yz

( )( ) ( )( ) (
= 0 − y2 − x 2 − z 2 x 2 + z 2 − y2 = x 2 − y2 + z 2 x 2 − y2 + z 2 = x 2 − y2 + z 2 )
2
Ans.

GH(Mathematics)
 14
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

3 1 1 1
1 2 1 1
19. c) Evaluate the determinant by Chio’s Method
1 1 4 6
1 1 5 8

3 1 3 1 3 1
3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
5 2 2
1 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1
Solution : = = 2 11 17
1 1 4 6 (3)4− 2 1 1 1 4 1 6 9
2 14 23
1 1 5 8 3 1 3 1 3 1
1 1 1 5 1 8

5 2 5 2
1 51 81
1 1
=  3− 2
2 11 2 17
= =
1
(51  111 − 81  66) = 7 Ans.
9 (5) 5 2 5 2 45 66 111 45
2 14 2 23

GH(Mathematics)
 15
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

x+a x x x
x x+b x x
19. e) Evaluate by Chio’s method :
x x x+c x
x x x x+d

x +1 x x x
x+a x x x a a a a
x x+b x x x x +1 x x
Solution : = abcd b b b b
x x x+c x x x x +1 x
c c c c
x x x x+d x x x x +1
d d d d

1+ x + x + x + x 1+ x + x + x + x 1+ x + x + x + x 1+ x + x + x + x
a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d
R1+R 2 +R 3 +R 4 x x +1 x x
= abcd
x
b b
x x +1
b
x
b
c c c c
x x x x +1
d d d d
1 1 1 1
x x +1 x x
(
= abcd 1 + x + x + x + x
a b c d
) x
b b
x
b
x +1 x
b
c c c c
x x x x +1
d d d d

1 1 1 1 1 1
x x +1 x x x x
b b b b b b
(a b c d (1)
1
= abcd 1 + x + x + x + x  4 − 2 ) x
1
x
1
x
1 1
x +1 x
1
x
1

c c c c c c
1 1 1 1 1 1
x x x x x x +1
d d d d d d
1 0 0
= abcd 1 + (
x
a
+ x
b
+ x
c
+ x
d
) (
0 1 0 = abcd 1 + x + x + x + x
a b c d
)
0 0 1

GH(Mathematics)
 16
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

1 a a2 a3
1 b b2 b3
19. f) Evaluate the determinant by Chio’s Method
1 c c2 c3
1 d d2 d3

1 a 1 a2 1 a3
1 a a2 a3 1 b 1 b2 1 b3
1 b b2 b3 1 1 a 1 a2 1 a3
Solution : = = 4−2
1 c c2 c 3
(1) 1 c 1 c2 1 c3
1 d d2 d 3
1 a 1 a2 1 a3
1 d 1 d2 1 d3

b − a b2 − a 2 b3 − a 3 1 b + a b 2 + ba + a 2
= c − a c2 − a 2 c 3 − a 3 = (b − a )(c − a )(d − a )1 c + a c 2 + ca + a 2
d − a d2 − a 2 d3 − a 3 1 d + a d 2 + da + a 2

1 b+a 1 b 2 + ba + a 2
1 c+a 1 c 2 + ca + a 2
= (b − a )(c − a )(d − a )
1
(1)
3− 2
1 b+a 1 b 2 + ba + a 2
1 d+a 1 d 2 + da + a 2

= (b − a )(c − a )(d − a )
(c + a ) − (b + a ) (c 2
) (
+ ca + a 2 − b 2 + ba + a 2 )
(d + a ) − (b + a ) (d 2
) (
+ da + a 2 − b 2 + ba + a 2 )
c − b c2 + ca − b2 − ba
= (b − a )(c − a )(d − a )
d − b d 2 + da − b2 − ba

c−b (c − b)(a + b + c)
= (b − a )(c − a )(d − a )
d−b (d − b)(a + b + d )
1 (a + b + c)
= (b − a )(c − a )(d − a )(c − b )(d − b )
1 (a + b + d )
= (b − a )(c − a )(d − a )(c − b )(d − b )(a + b + d ) − (a + b + c )

= (b − a )(c − a )(d − a )(c − b )(d − b )(d − c ) Ans.

GH(Mathematics)
 17
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

19. g) Evaluate the determinant by Chio’s Method

0 2 1 −1 2 0 1 −1
−2 5 −2 0 −2 5 −2
Solution :
0
=− C1  C 2 
−1 − 5 0 3 − 5 −1 0 3
1 2 −3 0 2 1 −3 0

2 0 2 1 2 −1
0 −2 0 5 0 −2
1 2 0 2 1 2 −1
=−
(2)4 − 2 − 5 −1 −5 0 −5 3
2 0 2 1 2 −1
2 1 2 −3 2 0

− 4 10 −4 −4
− 4 10 − 4
1 1 1 −2 5 −2 1
=− −2 5 1 = − 
4 4 (− 4)3− 2 − 4 10 −4 −4
2 −8 2
2 −8 2 2

1 0 − 12
= 0 − 12  (− 12) =
1 144
= =9
16 12 0 16 16

1 2 3
21. If A = 3 4 5 , prove that A + A T is a symmetric and A − A T is skew symetric matrix.
5 6 7

1 2 3 1 3 5 
Solution : Given A = 3 4 5 ,  A = 2 4 6
T

5 6 7  3 5 7 

1 2 3 1 3 5 2 5 8 
Now A + A T = 3 4 5 + 2 4 6 = 5 8 11
  = symmetric, since aij = a ji  i, j .
5 6 7 3 5 7  8 11 14

1 2 3  1 3 5  0 − 1 − 2
and A − A = 3T
4 5 - 2 4 6 = 1
 0 − 1  = skew symmetric, since
5 6 7 3 5 7  2 1 0 

a ij = −a ji  i, j and all the elements of leading diagonal are zero.

GH(Mathematics)
 18
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

1 2 3
22. Express A = 3 4 5 , as a sum of two matrices such that one of them is symmetric and other is skew-
5 6 7

symmetric matrix.
1 2 3 1 3 5 
Solution: Given A = 3 4 5 ,  A = 2 4 6
 T

5 6 7  3 5 7 

1 2 3  1 3 5  2 5 8 
Now A + A = 3 T
4 5 + 2 4 6 = 5 8 11
 
5 6 7 3 5 7  8 11 14

1 2 3  1 3 5  0 − 1 − 2
and A − A = 3
T
4 5 - 2 4 6 = 1
 0 − 1 
5 6 7 3 5 7  2 1 0 

Also, A =
1
2
( 1
) (
A + AT + A − AT
2
)
2 5 8  0 − 1 − 2
1  1
or, A = 5 8 11 + 1 0 − 1 
2 2
8 11 14 2 1 0 

1 5 4  0 −1 −1 
 2   2 
or, A =  5 2 4 11 2  +  12 0 − 1  = B + C , say.
2
  
 4 11 2 7   1 1
2
0


Clearly B = symmetric, since in B, aij = a ji  i, j and C = skew symmetric, since in C,

aij = −a ji  i, j and all the elements of leading diagonal are zero.

a b c 0 0 1 
 c − 4 and B = 0 1 0 . If AB = BA, find the values of a , b , c , d .

23. Let A = d
5 − 6 7  1 0 0

Solution : Do yourself.
 3 − 2 1 0
24. If A =   and I =   , then find the value of k such that A = kA − 2I .
2

 4 − 2 0 1 
Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)
 19
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

 − 1 2 − 2
1
25. If A = − 2 1 2  , prove that AA T = I3 Alternatively, Prove that A is an orthogonal matrix.
3
 2 2 1 

 − 1 2 − 2  −1 - 2 2
1  1
Solution : AA = − 2 1
T
2   2 1 2
3 3
 2 2 1   − 2 2 1 

 − 1 2 − 2  − 1 - 2 2  1+ 4 + 4 2 + 2 − 4 − 2 + 4 − 2
1
2   2  1
= AA = − 2 1
T
1 2 =  2 + 2 − 4 4 + 1 + 4 − 4 + 2 − 2
9 9
 2 2 1  − 2 2 1  − 2 + 4 − 2 − 4 + 2 + 2 4 + 4 + 1 

9 0 0  1 0 0 
= 0 9 0 = 0 1 0 = I 3 .
1
9
0 0 9 0 0 1

26. Find the inverse of following matrices :

2 5 3  1 − 2 3
2 5
a) 1 7  b) 3 1 2 c)  0 2 − 1 .
  1 2 1  − 4 5 2

2 5 2 5
Solution a) : Let A =   , therefore A = = 14 − 5 = 9
1 7  1 7
T
 7 − 1  7 − 5
Adj.(A) = (Matrix of cofactors)T =  =
− 5 2 −1 2

adj.(A ) 1  7 − 5
A −1 = =  Ans.
A 9 −1 2

2 5 3 2 5 3
3 1 2
b) Let A =   , therefore A = 3 1 2 = 2(1 − 4) − 5(3 − 2) + 3(6 − 1) = 4
1 2 1  1 2 1

T
 1 2 3 2 3 1
 − 
 2 1 1 1 1 2
 5 3 2 3 2 5
Adj.(A) = (Matrix of cofactors)T =  − − 
 2 1 1 1 1 2
 5 3 2 3 2 5
 − 
 1 2 3 2 3 1

T
− 3 −1 5 − 3 1 7 − 3 1 7
 adj.(A )
5 
1
=  1 −1 1  =  − 1 − 1  A −1 = =  − 1 − 1 5  Ans.
A 4
 7 5 − 13  5 1 − 13  5 1 − 13

GH(Mathematics)
 20
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

1 2 3
2 − 4 5
27. Find Adj A, if A =  .
6 1 0

Solution : Do yourself.
1 2 −1
28. If A =   , prove that A − 5A − 2I = 0 , where I is the unit matrix of order 2 and hence find A .
2

3 4

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 0
Solution : 1st Part : LHS = A 2 − 5A − 2I =    − 5  − 2 
3 4 3 4 3 4 0 1

7 10   5 10  2 0 0 0
=  − − = 0 0 = 0 = RHS.
15 22 15 20 0 2  
2nd part : A 2 − 5A − 2I = 0 or, 2I = A 2 − 5A

or, I =
2
(
1 2
A − 5A ) or, IA−1 =
2
(
1 2
)
A − 5A A −1 or, A −1 =
1
2
(A − 5I)

1 1 2 5 0  1 − 4 2
or, A −1 =   −  =  
2 3 4 0 5  2  3 − 1

 3 2
29. If A =   , prove that A 2 − 4A − I = 0 , where I is the unit matrix of order 2 and hence find A −1 .
2 1 
Solution : Do yourself.
1 2 2 
30. If A = 2 1 2 , prove that A 2 − 4A − 5I = 0 and hence find A -1 .
2 2 1 

2
1 2 2  1 2 2 1 0 0
Solution : 1st Part : LHS = A 2 − 4A − 5I = 2 1 2 − 42 1 2 − 50 1 0
2 2 1  2 2 1  0 0 1

1 2 2  1 2 2  1 2 2 1 0 0
 2 1 2   2 1 2  − 4  2 1 2  − 5 0 1 0 
=       
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1  0 0 1

9 8 8 4 8 8  5 0 0 0 0 0
= 8 9 8 − 8 4 8  − 0 5 0 = 0 0 0 = 0 =RHS.
8 8 9 8 8 4 0 0 5 0 0 0

GH(Mathematics)
 21
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

2nd part :

Now A2 − 4A − 5I = 0

or, 5I = A 2 − 4A or, I =
5
(
1 2
A − 4A )
or, I  A -1 =
5
( )
A − 4A A −1 = (A − 4I3 )
1 2 1
5

 1 2 2  1 0 0  − 3 2 2
1      1
or, A = 2 1 2 − 40 1 0  =  2 − 3
-1
2 Ans.
5 5
2 2 1 0 0 1   2 2 − 3

 cos  sin  
31. Prove that the matrix   is orthogonal matrix.
− sin  cos 
Solution : Do yourself.

32. Find the matrices A and B when 3A + 2B = I3 ; A + B = 2BT .

Solution : Do yourself.
1 2
33. If f (x ) = x 2 + 2x and A = 
−  , find f (A ) .
 4 3 
Solution : Do yourself.
2 3 − 8 
34. If A =   and B =  8  , find a matrix C such that 2AC = B.`
0 − 2  
Solution : Do yourself.
cos  − sin 
35. If A() =   , prove that A()A() = A()A() = A( + ) .
 sin  cos  

cos  − sin  cos  − sin 

Solution : A()A() = 
 sin  cos    sin  cos  
 

cos  cos  − sin  sin  − cos  sin  − sin  cos 

=  
sin  cos  + cos  sin  − sin  sin  + cos  cos 

cos( + ) − sin ( + )

=  = A( + )
 sin ( + ) cos( + ) 

Similarly we can prove that A()A() = A( + ) .

 A()A() = A()A() = A( + )

GH(Mathematics)
 22
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

 1 2 1 4
36. If A =   and B =   , prove that BA = −AB and hence show that (A + B)2 = A2 + B2 .
 − 1 − 1 1 − 1

1 4  1 2   − 3 − 2
Solution : BA =    = 
1 − 1  − 1 − 1  2 3

 1 2 1 4  3 2
AB =  1 −1 =  BA = −AB
 − 1 − 1  
− 2 − 3 
 

Now, (A + B)2 = (A + B)(A + B) = A2 + AB + BA + B2 = A2 + AB − AB + B2 = A2 + B2

37. If A = 
5 − 1 3

0
, B=
−
2 3
 , prove that AB
T
( )
T  7 8
= .
0  1 2  1 1 4  18 7
Solution : Do yourself.

38. If A be a skew symmetric matrix then prove that A 2 is symmetric.

Solution : Since A be a skew symmetric, AT = −A .

Now A2( ) T
= (AA ) = ATAT = (− A)(− A) = A2
T

Therefore A2 is symmetric.

39. If A be a m th order symmetric matrix and P be a matrix of order m n , prove that PT AP is symmetric.

Solution : Let A = (aij)mm and P = (pij)mn

Since A is symmetric, AT = A
We have to prove PT AP is symmetric. i.e. PTAP = PTAP .
T
( )
( ) 
Now PTAP = PT (AP ) = (AP )T PT
T

T
( ) T
= PTATP = PTAP .

 PT AP is symmetric.

40. If B2 = B , prove that (I − B)2 = I − B and AB = BA = 0 where A = I − B .

Solution : Do yourself.
41. If A and B are symmetric matrices, prove that AB – BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
Solution : Do yourself.

42. For the matrix A satisfying the equation A 2 − A + I = 0 , find the matrix X such that AX = I .

Solution : AX = I  X = A -1 .

Now, A 2 − A + I = 0  I = A - A 2 or, IA = A - A A
-1 2
(−1
)

or, A-1 = I − A as AA −1 = I   X = I − A Ans.

GH(Mathematics)
 23
Solution of some questions of Matrix and Determinant Question Set

4 3
43. If A =   , find the values of x and y so that A − xA + yI2 = 0 .
2

 2 5
Solution : Do yourself.

GH(Mathematics)