HEAT TRANSFER

Q.1 One end of 2.35 m long and 2.0 cm radius aluminum rod (K = 235 Wm−1 K −1 ) is held at 20∘ C. The other
end of the rod is in contact with a block of ice at its melting point. The rate in kg 𝑠 −1 at which ice melts is
10
(Take latent heat of fusion for ice as 3 × 105 J/kg)
(A) 48𝜋 × 10−6 (B) 24𝜋 × 10−6 (C) 2.4𝜋 × 10−6 (D) 4.8𝜋 × 10−6

Q.2 Four rods of same material with different radii 𝑟 and length 𝐿 are used to connect two reservoirs of heat at
different temperatures. Which one will conduct most heat?
(A) 𝑟 = 2 cm, L = 0.5 m (B) r = 2 cm, L = 2 m
(C) r = 0.5 cm, L = 0.5 m (D) r = 1 cm, L = 1 m

Q.3 A cylinder of radius 𝑅 made of a material of thermal conductivity 𝑘1 is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of
inner radius 𝑅 and outer radius 2𝑅 made of a material of thermal conductivity 𝑘2 . The two ends of the
combined system are maintained at different temperatures. There is no loss of heat from the cylindrical
surface and the system is in steady state. The effective thermal conductivity of the system is
k k 1 1
(A) 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 (B) 1 2k1 +k2
(C) (k1 + 3k 2 )
4
(D) (3𝑘1 + 𝑘2 )
4

Q.4 The wall with a cavity consists of two layers of brick separated by a layer of air All three layers have the same
thickness and the thermal conductivity of the brick is much greater than that of air. The left layer is at a
higher temperature than the right layer and steady state condition exists. Which of the following graphs
predicts correctly the variation of temperature T with distance d inside the cavity?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q.5 A rod of length L and uniform cross-sectional area has varying thermal conductivity which changes linearly
from 2 K at end A to K at the other end B. The ends A and B of the rod are maintained at constant
temperature 100∘ C and 0∘ C, respectively. At steady state, the graph of temperature : T = T(x) where x =
distance from end A will be

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q.6 A wall has two layers A and B each made of different material, both the layers have the same thickness. The
thermal conductivity of the material A is twice that of B. Under thermal equilibrium the temperature
difference across the wall B is 36∘ C. The temperature difference across the wall A is
(A) 6∘ C (B) 12∘ C (C) 18∘ C (D) 72∘ C

Q.7 A ring consisting of two parts ADB and ACB of same conductivity k carries an amount of heat H. The ADB
part is now replaced with another metal keeping the temperatures T1 and T2 constant. The heat carried
ACB
increases to 2H. What should be the conductivity of the new ADB part? Given ADB = 3 :

7 5
(A) 3 k (B) 2k (C) 2 k (D) 3k
Q.8 Three identical rods AB, CD and PQ are joined as shown. P and Q are mid points of AB and CD respectively.
Ends A, B, C and D are maintained at 0∘ C, 100∘ C, 30∘ C and 60∘ C respectively. The direction of heat flow in
PQ is
 (A) from P to Q (B) from Q to P (C) heat does not flow in PQ (D) data insufficient

Q.9 The temperature drops through each layer of a two-layer furnace wall is shown in figure. Assume that the
external temperature T1 and T3 are maintained constant and T1 > T3 . If the thickness of the layers x1 and x2
are the same, which of the following statements are correct.

(A) 𝑘1 > 𝑘2
(B) k1 < k 2
(C) k1 = k 2 but heat flow through material (1) is larger than through (2)
(D) k1 = k 2 but heat flow through material (1) is less than that through (2)

Question No. 10 to 12 (3 questions)

Two rods A and B of same cross-sectional are A and length 𝑙 connected in series between a source
(𝑇1 = 100°𝐶) and a sink (𝑇2 = 0°𝐶) as shown in figure. The rod is laterally insulated

Q.10 The ratio of the thermal resistance of the rod is

R 1 R R 3 4
(A) RA = 3 (B) RA = 3 (C) RA = 4 (D) 3
B B B

Q.11 If 𝑇𝐴 and 𝑇𝐵 are the temperature drops across the rod 𝐴 and 𝐵, then
T 3 T 1 T 3 T 4
(A) TA = 1 (B) TA = 3 (C) TA = 4 (D) TA = 3
B B B B

Q.12 If GA and GB are the temperature gradients across the rod A and B, then
G 3 𝐺 1 G 3 G 4
(A) GA = 1 (B) 𝐺𝐴 = 3 (C) GA = 4 (D) GA = 3
B 𝐵 B B

Q.13 A composite rod made of three rods of equal length and cross-section as shown in the fig. The thermal
conductivities of the materials of the rods are K/2, 5K and K respectively. The end A and end B are at
constant temperatures. All heat entering the face A goes out of the end B there being no loss of heat from
the sides of the bar. The effective thermal conductivity of the bar is

(A) 15K/16 (B) 6K/13 (C) 5K/16 (D) 2K/13

Q.14 A black metal foil is warmed by radiation from a small sphere at temperature T and at a distance d. It is
found that the power received by the foil is P. If both the temperature and distance are doubled, the power
received by the foil will be:
(A) 16 P (B) 4 P (C) 2 P (D) P

Q.15 The rate of emission of radiation of a black body at 273°C is E, then the rate of emission of radiation of this
body at 0°C will be
(A) E/16 (B) E/4 (C) E/8 (D) 0

Q.16 The power radiated by a black body is P and it radiates maximum energy around the wavelength 𝜆0 . If the
3𝜆0
temperature of the black body is now changed so that it radiates maximum energy around wavelength 4
,
the power radiated by it will increase by a factor of
(A) 4/3 (B) 16/9 (C) 64/27 (D) 256/81

Q.17 Star S1 emits maximum radiation of wavelength 420 nm and the star S2 emits maximum radiation of
wavelength 560 nm, what is the ratio of the temperature of S1 and S2?
(A) 4/3 (B) (4/3)1/4 (C) 3/4 (D) (3/4)1/2

Q.18 Spheres P and Q are uniformly constructed from the same material which is a good conductor of heat and
the radius of Q is thrice the radius of P. The rate of fall of temperature of P is x times that of Q when both are
at the same surface temperature. The value of x is
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/3 (C) 3 (D) 4

Q.19 The spectral emissive power 𝐸𝜆 for a body at temperature 𝑇1 is plotted against the wavelength and area
under the curve is found to be A. At a different temperature T2 the area is found to be 9 A. Then 𝜆1 /𝜆2 =

(A) 3 (B) 1/3 (C) 1/√3 (D) √3

Q.20 A black body calorimeter filled with hot water cools from 60°C to 50°C in 4 min and 40°C to 30°C in 8 min.
The approximate temperature of surrounding is
(A) 10°C (B) 15°C (C) 20°C (D) 25°C

Q.21 A system S receives heat continuously from an electrical heater of power 10W. The temperature of S
becomes constant at 50°C when the surrounding temperature is 20°C. After the heater is switched off, S
cools from 35.1°C to 34.9°C in 1 minute. The heat capacity of S is
(A) 100 J/°C (B) 300 J/°C (C) 750 J/°C (D) 1500 J/°C

ANSWERS
Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 C Q.4 D Q.5 B Q.6 C Q.7 A Q.8 A Q.9 A Q.10 A Q.11 B
Q.12 B Q.13 A Q.14 B Q.15 A Q.16 D Q.17 A Q.18 C Q.19 D Q.20 B Q.21 D