Adverse Nature

Disasters caused by geo-natural causes and their remedies

Page: 116
Natural The time of year it In your opinion, the other parts
disasters takes place of the country where these
that disasters are seen
occur in
your area

Floods During rainy season In the northern, eastern central districts

Drought During summer In the north-western districts
Kalbaisakhi During last of spring All over the country
and first of summer
Tornado During last of spring All over the country
and first of summer
River During rainy season All over the country
erosion
cyclone Any time Especially in coastal regions

Page: 117

Title of Name of Why does this natural If there is If there is

the
the natural information
disaster happen? any folktale any
disaster you provider related to this folktale
are and disaster- related
responsible relation to the
for survival
from of this
disaster
Floods Heavy rainfall, tide,
water coming from
 upstream basins, hill
collapse
Drought No rain for a long time

Earthquake Movement of earth’s The ancient Chinese

tectonic plates. A believed earthquakes
movement on the earth’s were caused by the
surface due to a sudden 'imbalance of yin and
vibration inside the yang' and were
earth. directly related to the
acts of human beings,
especially the
emperors.
Hail Hail is a form of Hailstones are formed
precipitation consisting when raindrops are
carried upward by
of solid ice that forms
thunderstorm updrafts
inside thunderstorm into extremely cold areas
updrafts. of the atmosphere and
freeze. Hailstones then
grow by colliding with
liquid water drops that
freeze onto the
hailstone's surface.
Cyclone Higher ocean
temperatures and low
pressure. In this case, the
sea water temperature
should be at least
26.5ᴼCelsius
Tornado As a result of excess A monster rages and
surface temperature wreaks havoc in the
form of a tornado
Tidal Cyclone occur at full
moon day and new
moon day
Kalboishakhi Due to extreme surface
storm heating

Page: 118 & 119

What time of the year and Local folktales about disaster
why do disasters occur
Floods: Floods occur mainly during the It is said that even after warning the
monsoon season. Floods occur due to villagers on top of the hill, they cut down
heavy rains, tidal bore, loss of navigabilityand ate a dragon and due to its power, the
of rivers, landslides. ground erupted late at night and flooded
the entire area.
Draught: If there is no rain for a long time Non-rainfall due to sun’s displeasure
during the summer season, drought occurs.
Kalaboishakhi storms and tornadoes:
Kalaboishakhi storms and tornadoes occur
during summer due to extreme heat.
Cyclone: Cyclones can occur at any time
of the year. Cyclones are formed due to
high temperature and low pressure in the
ocean.
Tornado: Cyclone occur at full moon day
and new moon day.
Earthquake: Earthquakes can occur at
any time of the year due to a sudden
movement inside the earth.
Hail:
Tidal bore:

Page: 120 & 121

Natural The regions where these The reasons of the disasters thought
Disaster occur by
you
Flood Floods are more likely to 1) Heavy rains upstream.
occur in regions of the 2) Geographical location.
world that receive heavy 3) Effect of seasonal climate.
rainfall and where water 4) The depth of the river is less.
from upstream basins 5) Proposed dams on rivers
does not flow easily to
the ocean. Bangladesh,
India, Pakistan, China are
more prone to floods.
 Cyclone Especially in coastal 1) High temperature of ocean.
areas of the world. 2) Rotation of air due to low pressure
Tidal Bore Earth is in the coastal 1) Unusual ocean waves
zone 2) A cyclone occurs on a full
moon or new moon day
Tornado It can happen anywhere 1) Excessive increase in surface
in the world. temperature.
2) The air becomes warmer and
lighter and rises upward.
3) Excessive decrease in air pressure.
Draught In countries in the middle 1) Prolonged dry weather.
region of the earth, where 2) Not enough rainfall.
the sun shines vertically. 3) Deforestation and greenhouse
effect.
Earthquake Areas along the outer 1) Movement of tectonic plates inside
borders of the pacific the earth.
Ocean. Geo- 2) A sudden tremor in the earth’s
Mediterranean interior.
Himalayan region and
Middle Atlantic region
countries
Eruption In regions of the world 1) Eruption of volcanoes.
where there are active 2) Eruptions are accompanied by
volcanoes. For example, large volumes of lava, gas,
in countries like Japan, water vapor, ash, and rock
Indonesia, Philippines fragments.
etc.
Tsunami In the coastal countries of 1) Undersea earthquakes,
the world. Such as landslides.
Indonesia, Malaysia, 2) Eruption of oceanic volcanoes.
Japan, Sri Lanka, India,
Thailand, Maldives,
Kenya, Somalia etc.

Page: 124
 Natural Effects on living and non-living elements
disaster
Eruption 1) Layers of igneous rock fall on the ground.
2) Soil fertility change.
3) The course of the river changes.
4) Humans and other animals die.
Earthquake 1) The course of the river changes.
2) Hills and hillocks are formed by the elevation of the ground.
3) Swamps are created by soil erosion.
4) People and animals die.
Tsunami 1) Soil and water pollution occurs.
2) People and animals die.
3) Soil and water become saline.
Cyclone 1) Humans and other animals die.
2) Soil and water become saline.
3) Water becomes polluted.
4) Plants break down.
Tidal Bore 1) Humans and other animals die.
2) Soil and water become saline.
3) Water becomes polluted.
Tornado 1) Plants and crops are damaged.
2) Humans and other animals die.
Floods 1) Large areas are flooded and the water becomes polluted.
2) Animal life is destroyed and endangered.
Drought 1) The soil bursts and becomes cloven.
2) Lack of mineral water.
3) Animal life is endangered.

HW (07/10/23)
1. How are tornadoes formed?
Ans: As a result of severe atmospheric storm. Tornadoes
are caused by excess surface temperature. In this case the
air of that place becomes hot and light and rises upwards
and further decreases. Then the cold and heavy air from its
vicinity rushes towards the low pressure at high speed. As a
 result, wind blows at a speed of 250-300 km per hour. And
this is how tornadoes are created.
2. Why do natural disaster happen?
Ans: Natural disaster are event that occur without human
intervention, which have a negative impact on life and
people. There are many reasons why natural disasters
occur. Generally, a natural disaster is a climatic
phenomenon such as temperature, rainfall, wind etc. caused
by geological processes, biological or spatial phenomena.

3. What are the causes of flood?

Ans: Floods are a well-known phenomenon in Bangladesh.
A flood refers to an excessive flow of water that generally
inundates a dry area. Floods can occur for various reasons,
including heavy rain, reduction of river navigability, tidal
bores, etc. There are different types of floods. For example,
rainfall in mountainous areas can cause flash-flood that can
quickly overflow a place.

4. Difference between cyclone and tornado.

Ans: The difference between cyclone and tornado are given
below:
Cyclone Tornado
1) Cyclones are formed in 1) Tornados can occur
the ocean and hit coastal anywhere and can causes
areas. damage.
2) The duration of a cyclone 2) The duration of a tornado is
is longer than the shorter than the cyclone.
 tornado.
3) Cyclone last more than 3 3) Tornadoes last only 2 to 3
days. minutes.
4) Cyclone can cause 4) Tornadoes can cause
massive destruction in a massive destruction in
large area. small area.
5) Variation in atmospheric 5) Tornadoes are caused by
pressure can cause the excess increase in
cyclones. Cyclone are surface temperature.
formed in the sea and
gradually move towards
the land
6) Advance preparation can 6) There are no early warning
be taken before cyclone for tornado.
hit the land.

5. What is eruption?
Ans: The weak part of the earth surface bursts by the
pressure of the underground, creating a huge hole. Through
the crack molten magma, hot rock fragment sludge, ash,
molten metal materials etc. are released to the surface at
high speed and spread around the mountain. This is called
an eruption.
6. Write the pre-preparedness for flood.
Ans: Pre-preparedness is essential to reduce flood damage.
For example,
• The foundation of the houses should be built higher than
the regular height so that flood water does not enter in the
house.
 • Tube wells should be placed at high places, so they do not
submerge in flood water.
• Livestock is a valuable resource. For this reason, they
should be sent to higher or distant places to protect them.
• Necessary items, including dry food and crop seeds,
should be stocked before the beginning of the month of the
flood.
• House and yard should be kept clean and dry regularly to
avoid snake bites. Avoid moving in the dark at night unless
there is an emergency. Carbolic acid reduces snake
nuisances.
• Young children should be taught how to swim.
7. How is tornado formed?
Ans: Tornado is a narrow, violent, funnel-shaped column
of spiral atmospheric storm. Tornadoes are caused by
excess surface heating. In this case the air of that place
becomes hot and light and rises upwards and further
decreases. The cold and heavy air from its vicinity rushes
towards the low pressure at high speed. As a result, wind
blows at a speed of 250-300 km per hour. Some times this
winds extends downward from a Cumulonimbus cloud to
the ground. And this is how tornadoes are created.
8. Explain the types of flood.
Ans: There are three types of floods in Bangladesh:
i. Seasonal flood: This flood is seasonal and usually seen
during the rainy season due to climatic and geographical
reasons. This flood causes extensive damage to property and
crops.
 ii. Flash flood: This flood also seen in rivers like seasonal
floods. Due to heavy rainfall in hilly areas, this flood occurs
in the low-lying areas near the river.
iii. Tide- based flood: This flood is created by the tidal wave of
the sea. This flood is created by the ebb and flow of the tides
and it usually seen during full moon and new moon.

HW (10/10/23)
1) How many type of disaster are there?
Ans: There are 2 types of disaster:
i. Man-made disaster.
ii. Natural disaster.
2) What is disaster?
Ans: Disaster is a situation that creates a crisis or
emergency and affects a significant portion of a
particular community.
3) What is volcano?
Ans: Mountain formed by the release of hot molten
material from the earth’s underground through a crack
or weak part of the earth’s surface.
4) How many types of volcanoes are there?
Ans: There are 3 types of volcanoes:
i. Dormant volcano,
ii. Extinct volcano,
iii. Active volcano,
5) What is the Richter scale?
Ans: The Richter scale is a scale for determining the
intensity of an earthquake.
6) What is seismograph?
Ans: The instrument used to measure and record the
magnitude of earthquakes is called seismograph.
7) What is called a flood?
Ans: A flood is an excess flow of water that generally
inundates a dry area.
8) How many types of floods are there in Bangladesh?
Ans: There are 3 types of floods:
i. Seasonal flood.
ii. Flash flood
iii. Tide-based flood
9) What is navigability?
Ans: Navigability is the ability of a river to hold
water.
10) What is Hail?
Ans: The water particles slowly freeze into ice as the
thunderstorm cloud enters the cooler parts of the
atmosphere as a result of the upward flow of air. At
some point, the ice pieces fall to the ground in the
form of hail along with rain.

Question Answer:
1. Why do natural disasters happen?
 Ans: Natural disasters are events that occur without human
intervention, which have a negative impact on life and people.
There are many reasons why natural disasters occur. Generally, a
natural disaster is a climatic phenomenon such as temperature,
rainfall, wind etc. caused by geological processes, biological or
spatial phenomena.
2. What is the difference between a tornado and cyclone?
Ans: The difference between Tornado and Cyclone is as follows-
1. Tornadoes usually form over land, but most cyclones form at
sea.
2. Cyclones usually last for several weeks, after the destruction
tornadoes lose motion in a matter of seconds to hours.
3. Write differences between cyclone and tidal bore.
Ans: Tow differences between cyclone and tidal bore are given
below-
cyclone Tidal bore
1) Cyclones are formed due 1) Sea water swells and
to low pressure creates tidal bore
2) A tidal bore may or may 2) Cyclones occur during
not occur during a tides, because tidal bore
cyclone are created from cyclones.

4. Explain why Bangladesh is a cyclone prone country.

Ans: Cyclones are formed in the deep sea. The two factors that
mainly play a role in the formation of cyclones are low pressure
and high temperature. Generally, for a cyclone to form, the ocean
temperature must be greater than 2.5⁰C. Unfortunately it exists
throughout the year in the Bay of Bengal. That is why Bangladesh
is a cyclone affected country.
5. How are tornadoes formed?
Ans: Tornado is a severe atmospheric storm. Tornadoes are caused
by excess surface temperature. In this case the air of that place
 becomes hot and light and rises upwards and further decreases.
Then the cold and heavy air from its vicinity rushes towards the
low pressure at high speed. As a result, wind blows at a speed of
250-300 km per hour. And this is how tornadoes are created.
6. Explain the causes of cyclones.
Ans: There are various reasons behind the formation of cyclones.
For example-
i. Sea temperature,
ii. Distance form equator,
iii. Atmospheric humidity,
iv. Atmospheric pressure difference.
7. Write folktales about earthquakes.
Ans: The earth is actually placed on a very large bull’s horn. When
the bull gets tired of carrying the burden of this world, it moves
from one horn to the other. As the earth moves from one horn to
the other, the earth undergoes a jolt, and people of the earth feel
the earthquake.
8. Explain the effects of cyclones on the environment.
Ans: Cyclone is a natural disaster which has a huge negative
impact on the natural environment. A vast area is damaged due to a
cyclone. Houses and agricultural land in coastal areas are damaged
due to the flood caused by a cyclone. Water logging occurs in
some places. Forests can be damaged due to the destruction of
forest plants and the death of animals and birds of all the cyclones
caused in the coastal region of Bangladesh, the 1970 cyclone
recorded the highest death.
9. What causes flooding?
Ans: Flood is a well-known phenomenon in Bangladesh. A flood
refers to an excessive flow of water that generally inundates a dry
area. Floods can occur due to various reasons including heavy
rains, reduction of navigability of rivers, tidal bore etc. floods are
also caused by deforestation and removal of wetlands, diversion of
 waterways or flood control such as river embankments and
widespread environmental issues such as climate change and sea
level rise.

10. What is an eruption?

Ans: An eruption is the release of underground material from a
volcano. Underground hot air, water vapour, molten rock, mud,
ash, gas come out at high speed through some cracks or holes. All
these ejected material come into contact with the cool air of the
surface and cool quickly and form a solid form.

11) Write tidal bore and why it occur?

Ans: Tidal bore refers to the phenomenon of sea waves rising high
and hitting the shore to reduce the impact.
i. A tidal bore caused by a tsunami.
ii. Tidal bore can also cause by strong tides in narrow and
shallow river channels or estuaries.
iii. Cyclones also case tidal bore.
12) What causes tsunamis?
Ans: Tsunami can caused by various reasons. Earthquake, volcanic
eruption, landslides are among the reasons. Rise and fall of
tectonic plates are also reason of tsunami.