Pair of Linear Equations

in two Variables

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Introduction
• Recall, in Class9, we have learnt that an equation having the highest degree of variables
as one is called a Linear Equation.
• An equation which can be put in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a,b and c are real no.s
and a&b =/ 0.
• For example: 2x + 3y = 6 ; x - 2y - 4 = 0, etc.... are Linear Equations in two variables.

Pair of Linear Equations in two Variables

• When we study two linear equations at a time, then such a pair of equations is known
as "Pair of Linear Equations in two Variables"
Example: 2x + 3y + 5 = 0
5x + 7y + 9 = 0 }
Pair of Linear Equations in two Variables

/padhleakshay
• GENERAL FORM of a Pair of Linear Equations in two Variables:
a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2 y + c2 = 0 } (Sari linear equations issi taraf ki dikhti hain..OK)
• A solution of such an equation is a pair of values x&y, which makes the two sides of the
equation equal.
For example, let us put x = 1 and y = 1 in the LHS of the equation 2x + 3y + 5 = 0.
LHS = 2(1) + 3(1)
=2+3
=5
which is equal to the RHS.
Therefore, x = 1 and y = 1 is a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = 5

(*Solution of linear equations ka matlab x aur y ki values nikalna...Ok)

 Solution of Linear Equations
A pair of linear equations in two Variables can be solved by using two methods:
1) Graphical Method
2) Algebraic Method
Substitution Method

Elimination Method

Cross-multiplication Method
(NOT IN SYLLABUS)

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Graphical Method (Imp)
For any two Linear Equations in two Variables, only one of the following three
possibilities can arise:
(i) The two lines will "intersect each other at one point".
Y

•
X
0

(ii) The two lines will not "intersect each other i.e they are"parallel"
Y

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X
0
(iii) The two lines will become "Coincident or overlapping".
Y

X
0
*Matlab jab bhi ham 2 linear equations ka graph banaege toh upar ki 3 situations me se koi
bhi ek tarah ka graph ban sakta hai..theek hai. Jab question karoge toh jyada acche se samaj
aayega don't worry!
 RATIO COMPARISON: (V.imp)
If we have two linear equations as
a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2= 0 , then following situations are possible.
*a * *
=
1 b1 Intersecting One Solution CONSISTENT
a2 b2
|
|

lines (unique Sol.) Equations

/padhleakshay
a1 b1 c1 Infinitely CONSISTENT (Ratt Lo iss
a2 = b2 = c2
Coincident
|
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lines many sol. Equations

table ko)
a1 b1 c1 INCONSISTENT
a2 = b2 = c2
| Parallel No Solution
|
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lines Equations

* * *
#Abb jara dekho question kaisa pucha jata hai...
Example: On Comparing the ratios a1/a2, b1/b2 & c1/c2 state whether the following
linear equations will intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident:
(i) 5x - 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y - 9 = 0

/padhleakshay
SOL: Comparing given equations with the general form we get:
a1 = 5 , b1 = -4 , c1 = 8
a2= 7 , b2= 6 , c2 = -9

a1 5 b1 -4 -2 c1 8
=> a2 = 7
; = = ;
c2 = -9
|

b2 6 3
|

|
|
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5 -2
Clearly, a1 = b1 as 7 = 3
| |
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|

a2 b2
|

Hence, the given lines will intersect at one point.

(ii) 2x + 3y = 9
4x + 6y = 18
(iii) x + 2y - 4 = 0
2x + 4y - 12 = 0

(*Ye Wale dono khud karke dekhna ho jayenge abb toh tumse...OK!)
 Algebraic Methods
*Suno iske dono methods tumhe questions ki practice se jyada samajh aayenge rather ki
mai tumhe kuch bhi verbally batau isliye questions karte hain...Ok!
(1) SUBSTITUTION METHOD
Example: Solve: x - 2y = 8
x+y=5

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SOLUTION: Given equations are x - 2y = 8 ..............(1)
x + y = 5 ..............(2)
From equation(2), we get x = 5 - y ..............(3)
Now, Substituting x = 5 - y in equation(1), we get
x - 2y = 8 Putting y = -1 in eq(3), we get
=> (5-y) - 2y = 8 => x = 5 - (-1)
=> 5 - 3y = 8 => x = 5 + 1
=> - 3y = 8 - 5 => x = 6
=> - 3y = 3
=> y = 3/-3
=> y = -1

Therefore, the solution is x = 6 & y = -1.

Example: Solve: x + y = 14

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x-y=4
SOLUTION: Given equations are x + y = 14 ..............(1)
x - y = 4 ..............(2)
From equation(1), we get y = 14 - x ..............(3)
Now, Substituting y = 14 - x in equation(2), we get
x-y=4 Putting x = 9 in eq(3), we get
=> x - (14 - x) = 4 => y = 14 - 9
=> x - 14 + x = 4 => y=5
=> 2x = 4 + 14
=> 2x = 18
=> x=9
Therefore, the solution is x = 9 & y = 5.
 (2) ELIMINATION METHOD
Example: Solve: 3x + 4y = 10
2x - 2y = 2
SOLUTION: In this method, we always try to eliminate any one of the variables,
either x or y.
We have, 3x + 4y = 10 ..........(1)
2x - 2y = 2 ..........(2)
Multiplying eq(2) by 2, the equation becomes

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3x + 4y = 10 ..........(3)
4x - 4y = 4 ..........(4)
Now, adding eq(3) & (4) to eliminate the variable y, we have
/
3x + 4y = 10
/
4x - 4y = 4
7x = 14
x = 14/7
x=2
Putting x = 2 in equation(1), we get
=> 3 × 2 + 4y = 10
=> 6 + 4y = 10

/padhleakshay
=> 4y = 10 - 6
=> 4y = 4
=> y=1

Therefore, the solution is x = 2 & y = 1.

*After studying from

these notes

*NOTE: Worksheet (important questions of all typology with answers) is

provided as a separate PDF on website padhleakshay.com