Cvl100 sem1 (2022-23)

Minor Arun Kumar

60min for 10questions (1 marks)+10 questions (4marks)

4marks questions (10*4=40)

Q1(4marks). Consider the following information regarding river water after mixing with wastewater
effluent (ultimate BOD in mixture water: L(0); initial DO deficit =2.2mg/L; time for reaching critical
location=2.5days; DO deficit at critical location=5.9 mg/L; saturated DO level =8.7mg/L; organic matter
decay rate constant =2.3/day; oxygen reaeration rate constant=0.4/day). Given that minimum DO in
river needs to be maintained at 4mg/L. For the same time for reaching to critical location and same
initial DO deficit, choose the correct statement:

(a) Maximum allowable ultimate BOD in mixture water = 80% of current ultimate BOD in mixture
water
(b) Maximum allowable ultimate BOD in mixture water = 20% of current ultimate BOD in mixture
water
(c) Maximum allowable ultimate BOD in mixture water = 120% of current ultimate BOD in mixture
water
(d) Maximum allowable ultimate BOD in mixture water = 180% of current ultimate BOD in mixture
water

Answer:

(a) Maximum allowable ultimate BOD in mixture water = 80% of current ultimate BOD in mixture
water

Q2(4marks). Equilibrium reaction constant for conversion of carbonic acid(H2CO3) to bicarbonate

ions(HCO3-) is 4.45*10-7. Equilibrium reaction constant for conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonate
ions(CO32-) is 4.69*10-11. Ratio of carbonate ions to carbonic acid (H2CO3) in solution with pH 6 would
be____________(upto 2 decimal places):

Answer: (a)20.87*10-6

Q3(4marks). Say, bacteria degrades phenol at maximum growth rate of 18(1/day) when phenol
concentration is very high. Bacterial growth rate becomes half of maximum growth rate at 15mg/L
phenol concentration. Bacteria-phenol interaction can be modeled using Monod’s equation for relating
bacteria growth rate constant and phenol concentration. Bacteria converts 40% of phenol in making
new bacterial cells. Rate of degradation of 50mg/L phenol by 3500mg/L bacterial concentration would
be _________________(g/L/d; upto 2 decimal places):

Solution

dX/dt= kg*X kg= (18/day)*S/{(15+S)}

dS/dt= (1/Y)*(dX/dt)dS/dt=(1/0.4)*(3500mg/L)*[(18*50)/(15+50)] answer: ds/dt=121.15 (g/L/d)

Q4(4marks). In a disinfection study, 30% of pathogen died within 10minutes. If the rate of pathogen
die-off followed first order kinetics and were proportional to the number remaining, time required for
obtaining a 3-log pathogen removal would be _______________(minutes; upto 2 decimal places):

Solution

Nt/N0=exp(-k*t) (1-0.30)=0.7=exp(-k*10minutes) => k=(-0.03567/min)

3=-log(Nt/N0)=> Nt/N0=10-3 =0.001 =exp(-kt)

time=[Ln(Nt/N0)]/(-k) =[Ln(0.001)]/(0.03567)=193.67 minutes (answer)

Q5(4marks). Biological nitrification is a process where ammonium ions is converted to nitrate ions by
aerobic bacteria (unbalanced equation: NH4++O2  NO3-+H2O). Choose the correct statement regarding
70% conversion of X mol/L ammonium ions to nitrate ions will be __________________:

(a) Electron donor concentration =0.7X mol/L; Electron acceptor concentration =1.75X mol/L
(b) Electron donor concentration =0.7X mol/L; Electron acceptor concentration =0.7X mol/L
(c) Electron donor concentration =1.75X mol/L; Electron acceptor concentration =0.7X mol/L
(d) Electron donor concentration =1.75X mol/L; Electron acceptor concentration =1.75X mol/L

Answer: (A) Electron donor concentration =0.7X mol/L; Electron acceptor concentration =1.75X mol/L

Q6(4marks). A wastewater treatment plant receives wastewater (5-day BOD=200mg/L; SS=240mg/L).

primary settling tank effluent (5-day BOD=130mg/L; SS=120mg/L) enters into aerobic biological
treatment process. The secondary settling effluent consists of 5-day BOD as 30mg/L and SS as 30mg/L.
ratio of 5-day BOD removal in primary settling tank to overall removal of 5-day BOD in wastewater
treatment plant would be______________(two decimal places):

Solution: Ratio= (200-130)/(200-30)= 0.41 Answer: 0.41

Q7(4marks). A society wastewater enters into a nearby pond (volume =400m3) at the rate of 100m3/d
(initial raw wastewater characteristics : biomass concentration=0; substrate concentration=90mg/L).
Aerobic biodegradation of substrate of wastewater happens in pond (kd=0.06/day; Ks=60mg/L;
k0=3/day). Value of remaining substrate concentration leaving the pond would be
__________________(mg/L; value till two decimal places)

Solution

S =[Ks *{1+(HRT)*kd}]/[ {(HRT)*k0} -1-{(HRT)*kd}]

S =[60mg/L *{1+(4)*0.06}]/[ {(4)*3} -1-{(4)*0.06}]

S =[60mg/L *{1.24}]/[ {11-0.24}]=74.4/10.76=6.91 mg BOD5/L

Q8(4marks). In PST, my student is proposing to add PAC and alum. Choose the correct statement:

(a) PAC adsorbs trace concentrations of organic compounds and ions from PST water.
(b) Alum is added to increase stability of SS in PST water.
(c) Alum is added to decrease size of SS from PST water.
(d) PAC removes SS by increasing stability of SS in PST water.

Answer: (a)PAC adsorbs trace concentrations of organic compounds and ions from PST water.

Q9(4marks). During chlorination of surface water (consists of organic compounds, ammonium ions and
pathogens),an addition of 8mg/L chlorine results in 2mg/L residual chlorine at breakpoint. A new design
proposal involves removal of organic compounds from water before disinfection which would result in
saving of 1mg/L chlorine addition requirement. It is also informed that reaction of ammonium ions with
chlorine does not change due to prior removal of organic compounds from water before chlorination.
As per the new design, amount of chlorine to be added to get 5mg/L total residual
chlorine_____________________(mg/L; zero decimal place)

Solution

Now chlorine need to be added to get 2mg/L residual chlorine at breakpoint =8-1=7mg/L

Total residual chlorine =2mg/L+free residual chlorine =5mg/L

Free residual chlorine =3mg/L

Total chlorine need to be added= 7+3mg/L=10mg/L

Q10(4mark). A housing society wastewater enters into a nearby pond. Algal growth is seen on the pond
surface after mixing of wastewater . Aerobic biodegradation of substrate of wastewater happens in
pond. Choose the correct statement:

(a) Bacteria uses dissolved oxygen as electron donor during degradation of organic substrates.
(b) Algae and bacteria both use dissolved oxygen for degrading organic substrates.
(c) Aerobic bacteria uses dissolved oxygen as electron acceptor for degradation of organic
compounds.
(d) Algae uses dissolved oxygen as electron acceptor for degradation of organic compounds.

Answer: (c) Aerobic bacteria uses dissolved oxygen as electron acceptor for degradation of organic
compounds.