X 10° m/s, both set their earth and B in a spacecraft whose speed is 2.00 st of the earth. before the watches differ by 1.00 s? 1, Two observers, A on watches to the same time when the ship is at re (a) How much time must elapse by 4’s reckoning does A’s watch seem to run fast, run slow, or keep the (b) To A, B’s watch scems to run slow. To B, same time as his own watch? rust a spacecraft travel relative to the earth for each day on the spacecraft to 2. (a) How fast correspond to 2 d on the earth? (b) A certain particle has a lifetime of 1.00X107s when measured at rest. How far does it go before decaying if its speed is 0.99 when it is created? 1.6 m is lying parallel to the axis of a 3. (a) An astronaut whose height on the earth is exactly height as measured by an observer in the spacecraft moving at 0.90¢ relative to the earth. What is his same spacecraft? By an observer on the earth? (b) How much time does a meter stick moving at 0.100c relative to an observer take to pass the observer? The meter stick is parallel to its direction of motion. relative to the axis of the spacecraft. If the spacecraft 4. (@) A spacecraft antenna is at an angle of 10° le of the antenna as seen from the moves away from the earth at a speed of 0.70c, what is the angl earth? (6) A woman leaves the earth in a spacecraft that makes a round trip to the nearest star, 4 light-years distant, at a speed of 0.9c. How much younger is she upon her return than her twin sister who remained behind? 5, (a) Dynamite liberates about 5.4 X10* J/kg when it explodes. What fraction of its total energy content is this? (b) At what speed does the kinetic energy of a particle equal its rest energy? (©) An electron has a kinetic energy of 0.100 MeV. Find its speed according to classical and relativistic mechanics. (@A particle has a kinetic energy 20 times its rest energy. Find the speed of the particle in terms of ©6 An observer detects two explosions, one that « ‘occurs 2,00 ms later 100 km away. Another observer place. What time interval separates the explosions to the sec 7. A spacecraft moving in the +x direction receives a light : the reference frame of the fixed stars, the speed of the spacecraft angle © to the axis of the spacecraft. (a) With the help of the Lorentz transformation find the angle ©” at which the signal arr reference frame of the spacecraft. (®) What would you conclude from this result about the view of the stars from a porthole on the of the spacecraft? 8. A man on the moon sees two spacecraft, A and B, coming toward him from opposite directions at the respective speeds of 0,800c and 0.900c. (@ What does a man on A measure for the speed with which he is approaching the moon? For the speed with which he is approaching B? () What does a man on B measure for the speed with which he is approaching the moon? For the speed with which he is approaching A? 9. For an observer in an inertial frame S, a certain event takes place at x1 = -L/2 and t) = L/(2c). Another event takes place at x2 = L/2 and t, = L/(2c) so that for S the two events are simultaneous. Show that for another inertial observer S’ moving along x-axis with velocity v, the events are not simultaneous and calculate the time interval between the two events. 10. A train having length 150 m, when at rest, has to pass through a tunnel 125 m long. The train is moving with a uniform speed of 2.4x10° m/s towards the tunnel. Find the length of the train and that of the tunnel as observed by an observer ) atthe tunnel. ) atthe train. 11 An observer S who lives on the x-axis sees a flash of red light at x = 1210 m, then after 4.96 us, a flash of blue at x = 480 m. Use subscripts R and B to label the coordinates ofthe events, What is the velocity relative to § of ‘occurring at the same place? 12 How much time does a meter stick moving at 0.1c relative to an. observer ifthe direction of motion of the stick is parallel to its length? 13. A particle has a kinetic energy of 62MeV and a momentum of 335 Me (in MeV/c?) and speed (as a fraction of c). 15 The muon is an unstable particle that spontaneously decays into an electron and two neutrinos. Ifthe number of muons at t= 0 is No, the number N at time tis N= Noe™*, where t= 2.20 us is the mean lifetime of the muon. Suppose the muons move at speed 0.95. (2) What is the observed lifetime of the muons? (b) How many muons remain after traveling a distance of 3.0 km? 16 An observer detects two explosions, one that occurs near him and other 100 km away at the same instant of time. Another observer finds that the two explosions occur 160 km apart. What time interval separates the two explosions for the second observer? 17. An electron whose speed with respect to an observer in a laboratory is 0.8c is also being studied by an observer moving in the same direction as that of electron at a speed of 0.5¢ relative to the laboratory. What is the kinetic energy (in MeV) of the electron relative to each observer?