ARCHITECTURENGMAGAZINE001FN Compressed
ARCHITECTURENGMAGAZINE001FN Compressed
ARCHITECTURENGMAGAZINE001FN Compressed
net/publication/361266026
CITATIONS READS
0 175
1 author:
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF RECESSED FACADE WINDOW SHADING IN TROPICAL OFFICE BUILDINGS View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Pontip Stephen Nimlyat on 13 June 2022.
ISSN 2735-9670
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Chairman’s Note 03
ARCHITECTURE NIGERIA: 09
Language for Better Urban Futures
Laugh Space 14
Architectural Education: 31
TRAINING THE ARCHITECT FOR THE FUTURE
In February of this year, when the program for this Council was unveiled, we proposed
to “reform and rebrand our enterprise, as well as redefine and aggressively promote
the role of the Architect in the society” as we champion greater efficiency in the
management of projects by eliminating waste and corruption that spike the costs of
projects unnecessarily as well as expanding our engagement and participation in the
various opportunities the economy will present.
Furthermore, in pursuit of our drive to advance, promote and integrate our traditional
and varied expressions of Architecture, cater for the welfare and develop the
competences of members, foster friendship and cooperation among them, and to
sustain public confidence in the ability and integrity of Architects, I recommend
Architecture Nigeria to members and the general public as a “go-to” journal for
information, collaboration and the platform to express views and opinions on
architecture and its impact on the built environment, the society and the global milieu.
ENJOY!
02
D
earest colleagues, I welcome you all to the first edition of Architecture Nigeria
magazine. A magazine of The Nigerian Institute of Architects. The magazine
will be discussing Nigerian Architecture and the Built environment. It will also
be focused on the education and practice of Architecture. The magazine will be
published quarterly after which we can publish monthly.
The present reality of Covid 19 is leading architects to new discoveries, trends, and an
awakening of the conscious mind. Architects have begun doing things differently.
Covid19 is beginning to dictate a new trend in Architecture and we are gradually
adapting to these realities. As the Nigeria Institute of Architects celebrates her 60th
Anniversary, we reflect on our Architecture, built environment, and our Institute, what
we have achieved, what we are presently working on, and what the future holds for the
profession.
It is also a call for unity among architects and this is needed to grow the profession in
view of its present state. I will use this opportunity to encourage all Architects to focus
on our growth and world best practices. The profession has evolved, and we must pay
attention to the new realities.
Once again, I welcome you to the first Edition of Architecture Nigeria (Architecture.ng)
Happy Reading!
03
FROM THE EDITOR
W
arm welcome to the maiden issue of Architecture Nigeria: the quarterly magazine of
the Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA). This magazine will be a vehicle to project the
best of Nigerian architecture and architects to the world; whilst enabling the sharing of
ideas and encouraging debates on wide ranging issues affecting our profession and the built
environment. Architecture Nigeria will also strive to contribute to increasing the knowledge base
and skill level of the Nigerian architect. Our core values as a magazine are: excellence, integrity
and creativity.
In this inaugural edition of the magazine, we have articles on the impact of the Covid-19 on the urban scale; the amazing
inventions arising as a response to the challenge of the virus; posits on reframing and restructuring architectural education, and
the search for authentic Nigerian expression in our residential architecture amongst others.
The centerpiece of this edition is the interview with Prof. John Godwin (OFR, OBE) one of the pioneers of the profession in
Nigeria, the co-founder of GHK (Godwin, Hopwood & Kuye) and Legacy 1995. He had over 50 years of practice experience in
the country with seminal buildings and books. I am sure you will find the interview very refreshing and instructive. We are
grateful to Prof. Godwin for obliging us with the zoom interview that took over an hour, at 92 years his memory and wit were still
sharp.
This issue is a prelude to the celebrations of 60 years of the NIA. The magazine will cover all the events and programs of the
diamond celebrations. Long Live NIA!
I acknowledge the support of the Chairman of the NIA Library and Publication Committee, Arc. Fitzgerald Umah and appreciate
the wonderful efforts of all the members of the Editorial Committee. I also want to commend Arc Tolu Aka and Tayo Ashogbon
for the graphics work done on the magazine.
Sadly, we lost one of the members of the Editorial Committee Dr. Frank Owaji in the year. In the short time we spent together in
the committee he showed deep passion and participated actively in all engagements. We pray that the Lord comfort and
strengthen his family.
I hope you find this issue enjoyable and look forward to your comments and contributions to the articles. Please send your
comments to [email protected].
04
Meet
The Contributors
Prof. Musa Lawal Sagada mnia Dr. Chinweotuto Okpoechi fnia
Musa Lawal Sagada, is a Professor in the Department of Dr. Okpoechi holds BSC (Arch) and MSc (Arch) from Imo
Architecture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. He studied State University Okigwe, MSc Facilities Management from
Architecture at the University Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh, and PhD in Architecture
Villas, Santa Clara, Republic of Cuba, and a Ph.D. in from Imo State University Owerri. Dr. Okpoechi is a chief
Architecture from the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. lecturer at the Federal Polytechnic Nekede and an adjunct
He is a registered architect and a full member of the senior lecturer at Imo State University Owerri. She is an
Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA). He is also the current architectural educator with over 27 years experience, and
President of the Association of Architectural Educators of with research interests in housing, design, and building
Nigeria, (AARCHES). climatology.
05
Meet
The Contributors
Dr. Warebi Gabriel-Brisibe mnia Udochukwu Marcel-Okafor Mnia
He holds a Bsc (Arch), MSc (Arch) from the University of She is a chartered architect and principal lecturer
Jos, Nigeria, PhD (Arch), Newcastle, United Kingdom, and at the Department of Architecture Federal Polytechnic
is a lecturer, researcher and environmentalist. Area of Nekede, Imo State, Nigeria. She is currently pursuing a
research interest: vernacular architecture, heritage PhD in Architecture at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
building and flood resilient environments. He is currently University, Uli, Anambra State. Main interest is in
serving as HOD department of Architecture, Rivers State architectural education particularly curriculum review of
University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. architectural technology programmes in Nigerian
Polytechnics.
06
RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA:
IN SEARCH OF AN AUTHENTIC NIGERIAN EXPRESSION
by: Dr. Chinweotuto Ugochi Okpoechi
T
he outward representation of a building's purposes with showcasing meaning
intent and meaning would be a fitting yet that is directly linked to a location.
simple description of what architectural
expression is. What a building showcases on the Architectural expression, in identifying a
outside should reflect what goes on in the inside; people, must speak to a concept or idea that
a merger of utility and aesthetics. Architectural is generally understood and accepted by the
expression may be applied in a variety of ways people as belonging to them. The questions
including use of forms, motifs, patterns, special here would be what would constitute meaning
elements, and colour. The essence is to interpret in Nigeria, that can be expressed through
the fusion between utility, and sense of style of the architecture ? Would it be understood for what
architect or region (Gill, 1959). it represents? Cultural symbolism would seem
to fall short here, seeing as Nigeria is very
“if we are so culturally culturally diverse and therefore unable to
present a unified cultural appreciation. It would
diverse, why should we
serve more as a differentiator than a unifier. So
seek a unifying expression again the question would be if we are so
in our architecture?” culturally diverse, why should we seek a
unifying expression in our architecture?
Utility in architecture should satisfy the
complex manipulations of cultural influences, In the midst of the diversity exist unifying concepts.
advancements in science and technology, Before colonial influences in Nigeria, the different
available materials and workmanship, and regions had clearly defined housing configurations.
climate. Education, experience, and external The dominant features were the inward facing
influences on the other hand, combine to courtyards surrounded by living quarters, and
shape an architect's sense of style, showcasing the walled compound having a single
his ingenuity and imagination. Since a consistent entrance for security (Adedokun, 2014; Umar et al,
architectural expression either reflects 2019; Okoye and Ukanwa, 2019). The head of
the personal style of an individual architect, or household was usually the closest to the entrance
identifies a people or region, interpreting to provide protection to his family. There were
personal architectural style need not be at cross slight variations to this arrangement across the
Umar, G.; Yusuf, A.; Ahmed, A.; and Usman, A. (2019) 'The Practice of Hausa
Traditional Architecture: Towards Conservation and Restoration of Spatial Morphology
Okoye, C. and Ukanwa, O. (2019), 'Igbo Traditional Architecture: A Symbol of Igbo
Cultural Identity' International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research vol 10(11) pp
07
and Techniques'. Scientific African 5 84-88
different cultures, with the Igbos having the A resurgence of traditionally held concepts in
entrance also functioning as an Obi, where architectural expression and interpretation
kindred meetings were held. In all cases, the was a logical follow-up to the nationalist
courtyard was the family activity area, the movement before, and after independence
rallying point for everybody. This spatial from the colonialists. Fenced compounds
arrangement of the compounds was largely having a single celebrated entrance reminiscent
in response to the hot climate which was of the traditional compound concept began to
drier towards the north, and more humid spring up again, only this time, construction
towards the south. It was also a defence methods and materials had changed, with
against external aggression to the adjustments made to spatial planning. As with
homestead. The compound was the family the traditional setting where size and number
of buildings in a compound signalled wealth and
fortress, a haven of some sort. Though
status, these new houses also told a story of
materials, construction methods, and form
wealth, conquests and status. With time homes
differed across the different regions, there
became bigger, sturdier and more imposing.
were clear similarities in spatial planning of
residential compounds across the regions.
“This new architecture brought
The traditional form of architecture was with it changes in social structure,
quickly eclipsed by the influences of amalgamating cultures across
colonization, religion and modernism.
The crude methods and materials gave
the regional divide.”
way to more refined processes and better Nobody was to be outdone in showcasing his
enduring materials. With these external attainment. As before, many living quarters were
influences came a change in the housing enclosed within one compound with the head of
configuration as people moved to cities in household occupying an imposing place of
search of a new form of livelihood. protection.
Household sizes contracted as people left
the family setting to settle in cities. The Maybe unconsciously, as a people, Nigerians
architecture of the compound gave way to have recreated in their homes, the familiar
a new type of housing that incorporated concepts that have guided their cultural evolution.
non-family members, breaking the The average Nigerian's concept of home is a
traditional order. Modern houses were multi-building compound, protected by a wall
open to the street and unfenced, and (fence), with an entrance to shut out intrusion from
different families began to interact in ways outsiders. This arrangement has morphed to
only single-family members would have include non-family members who may be serving
interacted hitherto. This new architecture as domestic help. However the overriding concept
brought with it changes in social structure, has remained the same. This in itself is a pure
amalgamating cultures across the regional expression of the cultural values that Nigerians
divide. hold dear as a people.
Umar, G.; Yusuf, A.; Ahmed, A.; and Usman, A. (2019) 'The Practice of Hausa Okoye, C. and Ukanwa, O. (2019), 'Igbo Traditional Architecture: A Symbol of Igbo
Traditional Architecture: Towards Conservation and Restoration of Spatial Morphology
and Techniques'. Scientific African 5
Cultural Identity' International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research vol 10(11) pp
84-88
08
ARCHITECTURE NIGERIA:
LANGUAGE FOR BETTER URBAN FUTURES
by: Dr. MOKOḶ́ AD
́ É JOHNSON
A
rchitecture as a medium of expression gives hope
for a better tomorrow if the quest for the re- Greek...Japanese Metabolism, Chinese Yin and Yang or
delineation of today's filched or recycled Indian Vastu-shastra, all preached their unique
architecture at the local realm is resolved. It is not a eccentricities. The post-independent decades produced
coincidence of history that after sixty year of practice in the first crop of Nigerian professional trained abroad and
post independent Nigeria, the search for domestic locally as the oil-booms of the 1970s changed national
architectural language is just beginning. According to Z.R. economic fortunes. The ensuing age of globalization,
Dmochowski, architecture is neither a purely artistic nor an industrialization and commercialization transformers are
exclusively technical endeavor. In many civilizations of the shaping contemporary trends with the Internet of Things,
world, the understanding and appreciation of traditional all affecting the 21st century architectural identity of where
tenets usually provide depth of language useful for we live, work and play.
architectural expression as the immobile art of a people.
The heterogeneous nations that made up the Nigerian are
Language in Cultures: Words in Architectural Briefs
unique entities in the material and color palette from which
an indigenous identity can be formed. Since the 19th
Nigeria is country endowed with over 400 indigenous
century, so many modifiers came along in contributing to
the chaotic scenarios evident in the architectural peoples and patois with more than six centuries of diverse
landscape of 21st century Nigeria. Change Influencers like influences from foreigners who do not speak nor
the European and Middle Eastern religion in precolonial understand local language. Borrowing from the Yoruba
era, return of freed slaves with the Brazilian flair and new example; Proverbs are the compass of a discourse 'Ow ̀ e
materials and the takeover by forces of colonization which lẹsịn oṛ̀ ̣ o,̀ ̣ or
̀ ̣ ọ̀ lẹṣin òwe, bi or
̀ ̣ ò ̣ ba son
̣ ù, òwe la fi nwa a.'
rescinded cultural values contributed to the challenge. (Sotunde,2017). Creation or production of matter are
Another major modification occurred through the 1931- usually coded in words. Through linguistics, language,
1933 International Congress of Modern Architecture literature, poetry, art and mythological narratives, the
(CIAM) Athens Charter, Venice charter 1964 and general belief is that “the planetary environments were
Amsterdam Declaration of 1975. This came under framed by the word”. I argue that 'Word' is a vehicle for
ideological guises of metaphors couched as design Design. It comes as brief for design in architecture, while
paradigms and promoted by foreign professionals without art in its various forms is one of the languages of
any local input. It is like an 'architecture by us for you' expression for architecture.
architypes.
09
There is no doubt that the treatise for local architectural Modern-day Nigerian architect needs to use the positive
language must be developed by Nigerian scholars and rub-offs of colonialism, as remedies at the local level and
professionals. Efforts must be in multidisciplinary deliberately sieve out the virtues in the architecture of the
combination of architects, planners, landscape colonizers and blend-in the variety of architectural
architects, urban designers, anthropologists, ecologists, metaphors in the diversity that make up Nigeria in
geographers, economists, artists, historians, and particular and Africa in general, (Adejumo, 2019). They
sociologists to mention a few. Sophie Oluwole, (2017) must become the peer-of-the-realm, not only in
one of Nigeria's foremost philosophers posits that “there architectural best-practices and professional patriotism,
is no absolutely good culture, nor is there an absolutely but highly knowledgeable in landscape architecture,
bad culture”. The argument is that true love for one's culture, arts, heritage preservation, design metaphor,
culture and tradition must be cultivated; such true love is human geography, philosophy, urban design, planning
the offspring of true knowledge which then lead to and policy advocacy. Present day architects must not be
acceptance of values. Consequently, real love and submerged in the 'form follow function' debacle and
knowledge of the people's cultural heritage is the abandon the design of the Abuja Public realm to foreign
cornerstone for molding contemporary cultural forms, idealists and Lagos-Ikorodu Regional Masterplan to
forms which are developed from the cultural past of a technicians from far-away-places. Developing Neo-
people. Demas Nwoko, 2020 asserts that all aspects of Hausa, Neo-Igbo, Neo-Yoruba, Tiv, Edo, and Ijaw
life in the nation have always evolved and developed architectural language and identities will be the sure way
through firm underpinning of culture-associated forward. Local architecture needs concerted effort to
precepts. These manifestations are evident in religion, achieve this, so that it does not fail like the misapplied
art, crafts, painting, fashion, tribal body adornments, Wazobia language project of old. The new generation of
architecture, embellishments, and politics for the cultural architects should accept values in tradition and evolve in
well-being of the society. plastic, adobe, steel, glass, aluminum, and wood,
concrete and create a modern architectural language
and develop autochthonous philosophies and pragmatic
Conclusion: towards a better urban future pedagogy following the Demas Nwoko examples
towards better urban prospects.
“Technology is universal, but the aesthetics of art is
unique to different cultures, so I set out to translate the
African idioms and aesthetics to our contemporary
scene”- Demas Nwoko
10
11
“HOW MUCH? IS IT NOT TO PUT
PENCIL ON PAPER?”
F
amous words of the self-builder in Nigeria. However, society has
moved on from that paradigm. Developers and Self-builders
now work with architects, or do they? Has the paradigm really
changed?
Shall we assert that it is the Client who envisions a built environment for
his specific activity and is willing to part with some funds to see it
materialize?
Is it the Builder who procures the best of materials and labor (or
otherwise)?
Is it the Architect who orders the space, walking a fine line balancing
what is aesthetically pleasing, what is within budget, what is within
statutory regulations, what the builder has capacity and resource to
construct and what will ensure that he remains relevant for the next
project?
The Developer relies on the Architect to give him a design that will hold
the attention of the buyer (the end-user). He also focuses on what is
trending to ensure his bottom line remains intact.
VALUE IN THE PURSE OF THE CLIENT
by: Omolade Ariko Design in itself is not has never been the contention. You have only to
look around various estates to see proliferation of any particular style.
In Abuja, the higher the tip of the hip roof the better. The Modern style of
flat roofs and linear facades is all the rave in Lekki axis of Lagos State.
In decades past, you had to have Corinthian columns in front of your
house (whether it was structurally required or not)
12
“ARCHITECTURE IS FOR THE BOURGEOIS”
Those were the words I heard at my first salaried job as an assistant architect. Did that include the upwardly mobile or the
New money? The Capitalist economy meant that with a lot of grit the lower income person of today could become the
“bourgeois” of tomorrow. What happens then? If the Architect was not for him when he was poor, why should he consult him
now that he can afford him?
If there is a value in consulting an architect should it not be a universal fact? While the “bourgeois” understand the value of an
Architect in the build process, they would rather consult with a foreign firm than the local architect.
Where does this leave us? The average graduate architect of today is focused on photography or producing 3D renders or
competing with the builder to get the build contracts. Very few have any interest to become “apprentices” (or interns I should
say) and gain the necessary experience required for the practice of architecture. A young architect said to me recently “I am
not interested in working drawings, I will provide the concept and hand over to the Client”. That is the reality of our Practice
today.
I was told of a building in highbrow Ikoyi which did not get buyers. The discerning individual who told me the story noted that in
spite of all the windows in the house it had a dark ambience. Can we as Designers at all levels begin to explain the effect of a
well-lit room on the emotions of the people who inhabit it?
Can we focus on taking the value of having an Architect out of the purse of the Client and put it back in the eye of the
beholder?
Unlike Alice in wonderland let's look from the chaos that surrounds us and show the society a different world.
Signed
Omolade Ariko
13
14
THE FEMALE ARCHITECTS
OF NIGERIA - FAN:
Study excursions- West African Ceramic factory, Ajaokuta, FAN Mentorship activity at the Federal Polytechnic
Kogi State. Nasarawa.
15
16
I N T E R V I E W W I T H
BRIEF BIOGRAPHY
William John Godwin was born in 1928 to
William Godwin an architect and Laura
Watkins. He had his early education at Wrekin
College and served with the Army Engineers
briefly when he completed his studies at the AA
(Architectural Association) School. He was a
Leverhulme Scholar from 1945-1950. He also ANg: WHAT ARE THE INFLUENCES
worked with his father and as an assistant ON YOUR CAREER?
architect with Architects' Copartnership.
JG: Firstly I would say my wife and partner in
John Godwin met his wife Gillian Hopwood at all things, Gillian and before that, my family and
the AA in 1945 and they both presented a joint particularly my Father who taught me how to
AA Thesis project in 1950. In the same year, draw and paint in water colour. He being a
they obtained their AA Dipl. ARIBA and got consummate artist and draftsman much
married in August, 1952. Appointed by ACP sought after in the world of architectural
(Architects' Copartnership) as resident presentation specialists and a teacher with
“partner” in Nigeria in 1954, he later resigned to infinite patience. I was also lucky with my
start Godwin and Hopwood in Lagos, by house master at school who permitted me to
October, 1955. Godwin and his wife were both use his bicycle to go beyond the school
inducted as Fellows of Royal Institute of British boundaries at weekends to sketch churches
Architects (FRIBA, 1963) and as Fellows of and landscapes around wartime Shropshire.
Nigerian Institute of Architects (FNIA, 1980). This prepared me for an early start at Kingston
They both retired from GHK Architects in 2014 before I reached 17 and entered the AA School
after handing over to Architect Abiola Fayemi well known for its liberal studies and where my
(FNIA) as C.E.O. John was awarded with the father had earned his degree. It was he who
Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic tutored me on the importance of professional
(OFR) in 2002 and Gillian with the Member of behaviour and introduced me to the family
the Order of the Federal Republic (MFR) in solicitor in Chancery Lane and my future bank
2004. They both naturalized as Nigerian manager. Perhaps I was a bit old fashioned
Citizens in 2011. when treating my students as “ladies and
In 1999 John was invited by Prof.Olumide gentlemen” but it signified their changing
Olusanya to take up the post of Professor in status and personal responsibility towards
charge of Post Graduate Studies at the School joining the society which I regarded as a
of Architecture, UNILAG where he taught till privilege to be a part of.
2014. Gillian also served as President,
Soroptimist International of Nigeria 1998/99 ANg: HOW DID YOU BALANCE
and President of the Nigeria- Britain
Association 2003/04. John was invited to
SOCIAL LIFE WITH WORK?
become the first President and Co-Founder of JG: I can't say I was any good at that, work for
LEGACY (1995) by its Founder Mrs. Kofo both of us always took priority but we were
Adeleke who is now its current President. fortunate in the beginning to be
19
15
and veranda was multiplied all over the “Importantly it must make a
southern states in the 1960s and 90s significant contribution to
much rather in the way that the “semi- D”
dominated suburban London between
how we handle the future of
the wars. This is now giving way on all living things animate and
mainland Lagos, more and more to the “I inanimate with which we
see you, you see me” plan once share the world.”
considered low class but serving the
teaming populations of our cities. It is
also rapidly surrendering to the need to make a significant contribution to how
develop flatted blocks as larger plots we handle the future of all living things
carved out from the grid iron town plan animate and inanimate with which we
are developed. For the more affluent share the world. Already the evidence is
tenants in Ebute Metta and Yaba and mounting and the Virus may be a
further afield in Lekki, these buildings serious contender for space.
rather like those in the world's city In making an assessment of the present
centres satisfy only the basic needs of state of the profession and its
existence and rarely can be said to preparedness for the future, I would say
attain the status of aesthetic living firstly, that Nigeria always has had good
afforded by the high earners. However people but never enough of them or in
with the massive re- shuffling of sufficient numbers to shoulder the
locations, the living standards created weight of problems and to mobilise the
by the need to counter the virus opportunities. Achebe's comment was
pandemic is dictating the way we may pointed when he announced that, “we
be living in the future and we may see always lose the game because we
the end of dormitory villages giving way never play our best team”. I would
to communities living and working at venture to add or because we never
home rather as they do in the recruit sufficient support to exert the
overcrowded areas of Mumbai, Lagos, necessary impact to win. We often fail
Rio de Janeiro, New York and London. through sheer lack of logistics and have
Britain's newly declared policy of a tendency to give up just when the tide
levelling our present unequal enclaves is turning in our favour. “Anyway” is a
may become more than a political popular Nigerian non sequitur to get you
necessity and the reality of a whole new out of a tight corner without a
way of living, working and commitment.
communicating rather like zooming
could be subject to self-imposed
restrictions, while holidaying will need a ANg: WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES
form or rationing to cope with FACING ARCHITECTURAL
overcrowding. PRACTICES?
JG: The architect best qualified to
answer this question is my friend Prof
ANg: WHAT IS YOUR ASSESSMENT Ekundayo Adeyemi. My experiences,
OF THE PRESENT STATUS OF mainly unhappy ones on this subject are
ARCHITECTURE IN NIGERIA? firstly, the diminishing respect of the
JG: It would be foolish of me to assume profession by the public not only in
the mantle of the soothsayer. We are in Nigeria but in England where it started,
difficult times to say the very least. with the abandonment of the scale of
Interestingly the virus is creating a fees and introducing competition which
stabilizing effect on western society had the effect of cutting the service. In
which has dominated mankind since Nigeria we had the famous Federal fee
ancient times. But that is the challenge scale introduced by Obasanjo who
for us all and Nigerians must listen to its based his figures on fee reductions
wise men and women who are out there a l r e a d y b e i n g o ff e r e d b y s o m e
writing, painting, singing, designing and members of the profession. Inevitably
making all manner of things to enableus this led to a general reduction in the
to stake a significant claim to the way service given elsewhere. Only the large
mankind will be formulating its future practices could survive.
existence. This includes the places
where we live and work. It will have to
cope with climate change and
particularly rising temperatures and
Photo: Bookshop House, Lagos.
rising sea levels. Importantly it must
20
Photo: GlaxoSmithKline Headquarters building Lagos.
In a reply given by the German partner working with Berger in Lagos and Abuja particularly on high quality pre-
Norman Foster on the new Reichstag building he said, stressed concrete, precast concrete elements and
“Norman should know that in Germany you rarely get the furniture manufacture. We also visited Metalum factories
last 10% of your fee!” In Nigeria another unwelcome trend at the same locations to see the process of window
has been the return of contractor finance and “AID” manufacture from the architect's drawings through
projects including professional services. Sometimes these detailed fabrication drawings to the finished production at
are offered for the design and construction drawings only, the workshops and to erection procedures on site. All these
leaving the supervision to a local architect who takes promoted more interest at class lectures.
responsibility for the implementation at a minimal fee,
while the overseas architect gets a fee for the easiest part
of the job. ANg: WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON
COMPETITIONS?
JG: This has always been a bone of contention in the
ANg: PLEASE SHARE WITH US THE
NIA but we do have guidelines for their conduct. GHK
EVOLUTION OF G H K. entered the competition for the EU buildings at Abuja
JG: With a few exceptions, all our professional services and won Third Prize but had to submit through the
were provided in Nigeria through a network of offices London office because no competitors were invited from
around the country managed by regular visits either by Nigeria! It would be beneficial if the NIA would ensure
Gillian or myself and residents, both Nigerian and foreign firms partner with local firms (with Nigerians
expatriates in the key centres at Kaduna, Jos and being the lead consultants) when undertaking jobs in the
Maiduguri. Communications were maintained by weekly country.
mail bags delivered by Nigeria Airways and fixed time calls. Also, there has always been a reticence from clients to
Our drawing system made the location of construction adopt this procedure partly because of time and the
details easy where queries arose. In addition we had extra fees involved. Time and extra fees are often the
Nigerian draftsmen who were trained in-house by me and constraints.
earned promotion commensurate with the proficiency
reached. Gillian and I were the sole partners until we were
able to employ and promote Nigerians, three of whom ANg: ANY ADVICE FOR YOUNG
became associates.
ARCHITECTS?
JG: Join a good practice; enjoy the habit of hard work.
ANg: HOW CAN WE IMPROVE
ARCHITECTURAL UNIVERSITY
“Students would definitely improve
PROGRAMMES?
their knowledge and
JG: Students would definitely improve their knowledge
and thereby gain in confidence if they could follow jobs on
thereby gain in confidence
site, hopefully with the site architect being the tour guide. I if they could follow jobs on
used to have the permission of the Head of school at site, hopefully with the site
Unilag to do this; especially when working with Julius architect being the tour guide.”
21
Architects, now let's There is a universal conspiring,
With COVID-19,
With Black Lives Matter,
get in formation!
With Ghana's Year of Return,
With 2063,
With 2023,
To hand us a big slice of the continent
by: Baba Oladeji
For what is coming
We must get in formation
By ending the hegemony of the building
We must open up architecture
Its beautiful inside to the people
Some in design,
Giving informality a chance
Like the dining room
Modelled around our eating patterns
in geometry: repelling the heat
but embracing the Light
in bringing back the courtyard
those lost, subtle principles
Of community
Some in academia,
[re]defining the parameters
The vocabularies for all to operate
To train the Future in local precedents
On the very terrain the Future will build
We suffer!
The more we insist
on being validated via 'building'
We suffer
The more we tie ourselves to strings of capital
and fail to find the latent cultural capacities
of our craft
22
23
24
T
he emergence of Corona virus disease (Covid-19)
declared as global pandemic is surely redefining the
cultural landscapes of neighbourhoods across the globe.
Therefore, understanding the persistence of local community
under most unusual conditions of social change fluidity
necessitated the need for people to adjust their way of living.
Meanwhile, urban processes and social integration of urban
neighbourhoods are understood through segregation of human
settlements in urban environments (Olson, 1982).
Baffoe, G. (2019). Understanding the Neighbourhood Concept and Its Evolution: A Review.
REFERENCES
C
OVID-19 -the unwelcomed and vicious TRANSPORTATION
enemy-appearing and suddenly
changing our world as we know it. The major innovation challenge of the
Incredibly, while the world is still coming to transportation industry is ensuring the safety
terms with the lasting effect of this pandemic, and protection of occupants/user while
we have witnessed amazing innovations that maximizing profits. An example of this was seen
have given us a glimpse into the future: in an Uber cab (a popular car hailing service) in
Nigeria. This particular car had a custom built
protective shield around the driver with a
OFFICE SPACES compartment for disposal mask (incase the
rider had none) and a disposal paper mat. The
There have been several models proposed to
seats were all covered in plastic wrap. Another
effectively cater to 'work life' post Covid-19.
example is the Glasssafe concept by Avio
Examples are the “6 feet office" model as
Interiors for airplanes.
implemented by Cushman & Wakefield in
Netherlands and the ''cube city" workspace in
London by Xu Weiping suited for colleagues Interior of a pod at cube city. photo credit : Xu Weiping/ABP/ theguardian.com
Interior of the Johnson Wax Headquarters. photo Credits: Carol M. Highsmith / COVID-19 compliant cab. Photo credit- Aka Tolulope ‘glassafe’ photo credit: designboom
LIbrary of Congress/ techcrunch.com
https://www.bostondynamics.com/spot https://www.stepnpull.com/
REFERENCES
https://dornob.com/plexeat-suspended-shields-protect-patrons-in-bars- https://www.springwise.com/innovation-snapshot/travel-tourism-coronavirus-covid
restaurants/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/aug/13/office-pods-may-be-the-answer- http://aviointeriors.it/2020/press/glassafe/
to-working-safely-post-covid-19 https://www.flightglobal.com/systems-and-interiors/aviointeriors-promises-new-post-coronavirus-
https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/netherlands/six-feet-office seat-design-in-under-six-months/137997.article
27
https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/22/ideas-for-a-post-covid-19-workplace/ https://dornob.com/covid-19-sparks-new-innovations-in-door-design/
https://www.vulture.com/2020/08/socially-distanced-uk-concert-venue.html https://c/covid-19-sparks-new-innovations-in-door-design/
PARTIES AND CONCERTS
Night scene from concert in Enugu, Nigeria. photo credit: Leon photography/ instagram
BUILDING ELEMENTS
As a result of Covid-19, there has been more
emphasis on automated/ touch-less fixture and
fittings. From opening doors with the use of your leg
(an example StepNpull ) to our locally made touch-
less washand basins placed in front of various
public spaces in Nigeria.
Cleankey by Ziad Salah. Photo credit- Cassie L. Damewood / doorknob.com
https://www.bostondynamics.com/spot https://www.stepnpull.com/
REFERENCES
https://dornob.com/plexeat-suspended-shields-protect-patrons-in-bars- https://www.springwise.com/innovation-snapshot/travel-tourism-coronavirus-covid
restaurants/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/aug/13/office-pods-may-be-the-answer- http://aviointeriors.it/2020/press/glassafe/
to-working-safely-post-covid-19 https://www.flightglobal.com/systems-and-interiors/aviointeriors-promises-new-post-coronavirus-
https://www.cushmanwakefield.com/en/netherlands/six-feet-office seat-design-in-under-six-months/137997.article
28
https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/22/ideas-for-a-post-covid-19-workplace/ https://dornob.com/covid-19-sparks-new-innovations-in-door-design/
https://www.vulture.com/2020/08/socially-distanced-uk-concert-venue.html https://c/covid-19-sparks-new-innovations-in-door-design/
BREAKING OUT OF THE BOX:
REFRAMING ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION BEYOND TRADITIONAL ROLES IN PRACTICE
by: J.J Maina
W
e live in unprecedented extraordinary times. Consequently, the rich, basic fundamental skill sets
Times where everyday life as we know it has ingrained by architectural training tend to be under
become increasingly uncertain, with change developed and subsequently underutilized upon
the only constant. With the global community on virtual graduation. Architecture education requires reframing
lockdown to mitigate effects of the COVID-19 and flexible outlook to maximize these latent resources
pandemic, survival of most disciplines now depends on and channel them in related areas specialization in
·
basic skills sets and knowledge often bounded within terms of Design, IT/Technology, Business and
limits afforded by technology. Architecture as a Research to mention a few.
profession is no exception. While educational Design: remains the bedrock of the architecture
institutions hibernate globally, outlook for architecture profession but many graduates eventually make
education may require a re-think and reframing from a living apart from engaging in building design.
traditional roles, bearing in mind issues already Allied specializations offer excellent utilization of
besetting training of architects prior to the present design skills-manufacturing, furniture making, fashion,
··
pandemic and its attendant complications. Falling interiors, refurbishment etc. and students need to be
educational standards of architecture graduates for made aware of this while in school.
instance, has been an issue for practice (NIA, 2017), IT/Technology-Digital art, presentations,
compounded by poor economic turnover especially in animations, theatre and film, web design etc.
the Nigerian Construction Industry (Nigerian Bureau of
Business-Real estate, Advertising, Building
Statistics, 2016). On the part of academia, students
·
component fabrication etc.
report curricula over-burdened by theoretical courses
to the detriment of practical subjects (Maina, 2015).
Research collaboration is critical if the
Studio culture, the backbone of architectural design,
profession is to remain relevant within national
has also been on a steady decline (Opoko, Oluwatayo
discourse. For instance, collaborating with
& Ezema, 2016; Maina & Ojobo, 2020), pre-empting
engineers and healthcare professionals on indoor
tendencies of student overdependence on the internet,
environmental quality issues especially in view of the
often to the detriment of acquiring grounded skills and
current pandemic will not only benefit architects but the
design competencies.
built environment at large. A leaf can be borrowed from
Quantity Surveying professionals who have extended
“Ultimately, we as architects will their expertise both professionally and academically
need to look beyond our through far-reaching research and have virtually over-
taken the Construction Industry both locally and
traditional roles if the profession globally.
is to survive and thrive in a world
Ultimately, we as architects will need to look beyond
of constant change and shifting our traditional roles if the profession is to survive and
paradigms.” thrive in a world of constant change and shifting
paradigms.
Maina, J. J. (2015). Curriculum Evaluation of Revised Ahmadu Bello University Architecture Program (2012-2015): Feedback from MSc Students. Nigerian Institute of Architects' Journal, 1(2015/1 & 2), 20-28.
REFERENCES
Maina, J. J. & Ojobo, H. (2020). Predicting Academic Success of Architecture Undergraduates at Kaduna State University using Logistic Regression. Kaduna State University Environmental Sciences Journal, 1(1), 134-147.
NIA (2017). Report released at the 57th Annual General Assembly/Conference BGM 2017 "Affordable Housing: Rhetorics, Techtonics and Architecture". Ladi Kwali Hall, Sheraton Hotels and Towers, 22-25th Nov. (pp. 62-65).
Abuja: Nigerian Institute of Architects.
Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (2016). Nigerian Gross Domestic Product Report: Quarter 3. Abuja: NBS.
Opoko, A. P., Oluwatayo, A. A. & Ezema, I. C. (2016). Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Architecture Students in Nigerian Private Universities. O. J. Ebohon et al. (Eds.), Procs,
Joint International Conference JIC 2016, 21-24 March (pp. 1226-1236). Akure, Nigeria: JIC, FUTA, DMU & LSBU.
29
The Need to Reposition
Architecture Education
for Contemporary
Challenges
by: Prof. Musa Lawal Sagada
T
he built environment is largely a product of architecture, which is
significantly fashioned by it. Architecture has existed as long as
humans built structures. In ancient times, and up to the 17th
century, the Master Builder united the roles of construction and
architecture. According to Boyle (2000), individuals who so desired, could
establish an architectural practice and self-appoint himself as architect.
Most of the self-proclaimed architects could only receive training from
ateliers or established practices. New initiates learn as they work, with the
level of training determined by the size of the firm, its level of organization
and length of personal stay.
Boyle, B. M. (2000). Architectural Practice in America, 1865 – 1965 – Ideal and Reality. The Architect: Chapters in History of the Profession, Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press.
REFERENCES
Crosbie, (2007)
Fjeld, P. O. (2005) Introduction. EAAE Prize 2003 – 2005. Writings in Architectural Education, European Association for Architectural Education Transaction on Architecture No 26
Gabrielli, J. (2016) Architecture. Whole Building Design Guide.
Horan, J. F. (2005) EAAE Prize 2003 – 2005. Writings in Architectural Education, European Association for Architectural Education Transaction on Architecture No 26
Lewis, R. K. (1998). Architect? A Candid Guide to the Profession. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
Spiridonis, C. (2016). Profiling Architectural Education in Europe. ARCHI-MEDES Project. Profiling Architecture Education and Practice in Mediterranean and European SouthCountries.
Tzonis, A. (2014). Architectural Education at the Crossroad. Frontiers of Architectural Research. 30
Weiner, F. (2005). Five Critical Horizons for Architectural Education in an Age ofDistraction. EAAE Prize 2003 – 2005. Writings in Architectural Education, EuropeanAssociation for Architectural Education
Transaction on Architecture No 26
C
an the curriculum of architectural education in Nigeria
be termed as a futuristic one? What is the place of the
trained architects outside school especially with the
swift progress in technology, new modes of cybernetic reality,
the advents of robots, as well as, artificial intelligence (AI)? All
these advancement have come to impact on the architectural
profession both at training and practice level. In Nigeria, there
are so many challenges and shortcomings in the architectural
training which can affect the architect in practice competing
favorably in a changing world. Dare-Abel et al. (2015)
suggested a drift towards giving architectural education an
intensify attention especially in the aspect of entrepreneurship
and social integration.
Architectural Education: There is a need to begin to change how the architect is trained
or educated towards meeting the requirements of a universal
worldview and technocratic environment.
TRAINING THE ARCHITECT FOR THE FUTURE
Architectural education should not only be based on plain
by: Dr. (Arc) Pontip Stephen Nimlyat
knowledge learnt and imparted in school, but also inclusive of
the human dimension (social and participatory) towards
making the complete architect. The influence of which must
not be relegated to the background. Two great minds which
have question the status quo of established educational
systems are Christine Ortiz and Peter Zellner. While Ortiz
believed in a trans-disciplinary approach to teaching were
knowledge will be acquired virtually online, while on-site
education will be based on real projects and active learning;
Zellner on the other hand, sees the school of architecture as a
Cramer, J. P. (2012). A Proposal to Improve Architectural Education. Design Intelligence,
self-sufficient intellectual and cultural institute rather than just
REFERENCES
32
ADDRESSING CORPORATE IMAGE IN
ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE TO BOLSTER
FUTURE IMPACT by: CHIZZY AKANI (Ph.D) & WAREBI BRISIBE (MNIA, Ph.D)
I
n a practice where aesthetics and visual appeal image concerns. This will build advocacy for a
account for three quarters of product quality and progressive future. Building broader and more
projects success, it remains indisputable to affirm creative/collaborative relationships outside of the
that image is everything. Conceptions that the built environment confines with professional like
creation is always a clear representation of the true industrial chemists, production/polymer engineers,
nature of the creator, provokes classical philosophical aqua-culturists, mining engineers and human
arguments from divergent perspectives. Vast resource managers for improved innovativeness will
disparities evident in present and evolving boost corporate image in the industry. Supporting a
architectural interventions locally, regionally, 'design to specification market' as against a 'design to
nationally and internationally, portend certain factual availability market' will further boost innovativeness
confirmations of this conception. There is a distinctly and creativity while establishing sustainable
clear distance between architectural creations on collaborative relationships with these production
different scales. These differences clearly perceptible based professionals. Transference of knowledge is
to the anticipated patronizing audience are leading to also key to achieving a sustainable future, where
increased incidences of outsourcing to foreign corporate players in the practice can provide viable
corporations and copy-cat/replica requests from evidence of human resources empowerment and
clients more often. This highlights the concern of development as an initiative towards boosting their
perceived questionable competence in architectural corporate image.
practice in Nigeria in present times, providing a need
for the examination of corporate image dimensions in Current global technological enlightenments also
practice. The general public assessment of formal create avenues for reconsideration of regulatory
structures, physical infrastructure, workforce /human perceptions on media and advertising as these
resource co-ordinations, innovativeness, policy restrict the wide spread recognition of efforts of deep
development and collaborative attitudes provide creativity which could boost local profile. These
clients decision making platforms based on a firm's regulatory guidelines in some negativity have also
corporate image. As a consistently neglected key provided opportunities for unworthy practice
concern over the years, this has continually environments detrimental to the wholesome
mortgaged public trust in the capabilities of locally corporate image of the industry.
trained or indigenous architects, grossly diminishing
On the whole, a review of the corporate image
growth prospects for the future.
concept in the practice will provide opportunities for
Though practice guidelines highlight certain points to investment in physical infrastructure, encourage
bolster formal approaches in the profession, rapid innovation, foster collaboration and competitiveness
advances in technology and broadening global and immensely increase prospects for the future.
business perspectives interpret that practice in
indigenous contexts is reviewed to address corporate
33
1.0 Introduction
Abubakar, A. (2012). Perceptions of educators and practitioners on the relevance of architectural curriculum of Nigerian Universities to the building industry. In S. Laryea, & S. A. Agyepong (Ed.),
REFERENCES
4th West African Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference, (pp. 1-7). Abuja.
Akeredolu, F. (2019). Solving Nigeria's 22 million housing deficit with the blockchain. Retrieved December 22, 2019, from africa.com: https://www.africa.com
Armstrong, G., Comiskey, D., & Pepe, A. (2013). Architectural technology: A brave new design? 4th International Congress of Architectural Technology (ICAT) at Sheffield Hallam University,
Sheffield, UK, (pp. 1 - 11).
Baiyewu, O. B., Jolaoso, B. A., & Onolaja, O. A. (2007). The Condition of schools of Architecture in Nigeria Today: the polytechnic experience. Journal of the Association of Architectural
Educators (AARCHES J), 72-79.
34
Cheetham, D. W., & Lewis, J. (2001). Productivity, Buildability and Constructability: Is work study the missing link? 17th Annual ARCOM Conference (pp. 5-15). Manchester: University of Salford,
Association of Researchers in Construction.
Architectural technology practice in Nigeria is influenced by Although such technologies are yet to be explored
both the drive to adopt technologically advanced generally, as approximately 90% of buildings in Nigeria is
techniques, and constantly emerging social, cultural and built in-situ using sandcrete blocks . This may be linked to a
economic variables. The estimated housing deficit of over curriculum that is not abreast with emerging urban
17 million units and a staggering record of over 100 million challenges, and as such deficient in producing the relevant
Nigerians living in substandard housing present a skilled manpower necessary to alleviate the existing
conspicuous challenge to professionals in the building challenges.
industry . Of equal significance is the fact that Nigeria has
not recorded any noteworthy milestone targeted at 3.0 Conclusion
ameliorating the housing shortages. Architectural practice in
It is as important to know the origin as it is to know the
Nigeria has been largely computerised and only
destination. The curriculum of architectural technology
architectural technologists proficient in Computer aided
education in Nigerian polytechnics should produce robust
design and draughting (CADD) are relevant and employed
professionals that can adapt to varying situations and
(Baiyewu, Jolaoso, & Onolaja, 2007; Lawal & Abdulrahman,
provide practical solutions to social and cultural problems of
2007; Oladapo, 2017).
the built-up environment. Although the present scenario in
Architectural technology programme, as an integral part of the nation's housing stock reveals a gap between the
technical education, must lead in the Nigerian technological service providers and the services provided. The call for a
advancement agenda . Therefore, the curriculum must complete overhaul of the curriculum is now more urgent
target advanced digital design and construction solutions to than ever. Given the peculiar events emanating from the
remain relevant and suitable within the Nigerian milieu. present pandemic and obvious challenges that are most
Furthermore, extensive adoption of building technologies likely to arise, the curriculum must reflect responsiveness as
like pre-fabricated building types and multi-storey designs well as concern for the future.
which target mass housing provision and delivery requires
adroit competence of the architectural technologists.
CIAT. (2014, October). What is a Chartered Architectural Technologist? Retrieved 2020, from Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists: https://ciat.org.uk>about-us>what-is-a-chartered-
REFERENCES
architectural-technologist.html
Emmit, S. (2009). Architectural technology. London: John Wiley & Sons.
Emmitt, S. (2002). Architectural Technology. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
Lawal, L. A., & Abdulrahman, M. E. (2007). Teaching Business Skills to Architecture Students: a case for curriculum change. AARCHES Journal, 49-54.
Nkwogu, U. O. (2008). Architectural Education for Nigerian Development. Architects Colloquium: The Architecture Forum, 65-85.
Okpoechi, C. U. (2006). Equipping the Polytechnic Graduate of Architecture for the Reality of Self-Employment. AARCHES Journal, 5(1), 7-17.
Oladapo, A. A. (2017). The Impact of ICT on Professional Practice in the Nigerian Construction Industry. The Electric Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 24(1).
Olotuah, A. O., & Taiwo, A. A. (2015). Housing strategies and quality of housing in Nigeria: what lessons from Wales. IISTE, 1-7.
Opoko, A. P., & Oluwatayo, A. A. (2015). Architectural Education for Today's Challenges. Arts and Design, 8, 24-30.
Sagada, M. L. (2002). Architectural Education and Practice in Nigeria: Reflections on the contemporary situation. AARCHES Journal, 21-25.
World Bank. (2018). The World bank Nigeria affordable housing project (P165296). Retrieved December 22, 2019, from World bank documents: documents.worldbank.org
35
View publication stats