MySQL command-line client Commands

Connect to MySQL server using mysql command-line client with a username and password
(MySQL will prompt for a password):
mysql -u [username] -p;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Connect to MySQL Server with a specified database using a username and password:
mysql -u [username] -p [database];
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Exit mysql command-line client:

exit;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Export data using mysqldump tool

mysqldump -u [username] -p [database] > data_backup.sql;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

To clear MySQL screen console window on Linux, you use the following command:
mysql> system clear;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Currently, there is no command available on Windows OS for clearing MySQL screen

console window.

Working with databases

Create a database with a specified name if it does not exist in the database server
CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] database_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Use a database or change the current database to another database that you are working with:
USE database_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Drop a database with a specified name permanently. All physical files associated with the
database will be deleted.
DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] database_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Show all available databases in the current MySQL database server

SHOW DATABASE;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Working with tables

Show all tables in a current database.
SHOW TABLES;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Create a new table

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] table_name(
column_list
);
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Add a new column into a table:

ALTER TABLE table
ADD [COLUMN] column_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Drop a column from a table:

ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP [COLUMN] column_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Add index with a specific name to a table on a column:

ALTER TABLE table
ADD INDEX [name](column, ...);
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Add primary key into a table:

ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD PRIMARY KEY (column_name,...);

Remove the primary key of a table:

ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP PRIMARY KEY;

Drop a table:
DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] table_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Show the columns of a table:

DESCRIBE table_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Show the information of a column in a table:

DESCRIBE table_name column_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Working with indexes

Creating an index with the specified name on a table:
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column,...);
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Drop an index:
DROP INDEX index_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Create a unique index:

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column,...);
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)
Working with views
Create a new view:
CREATE VIEW [IF NOT EXISTS] view_name
AS
select_statement;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Create a new view with the WITH CHECK OPTION:

CREATE VIEW [IF NOT EXISTS] view_name
AS select_statement
WITH CHECK OPTION;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Create or replace a view:

CREATE OR REPLACE view_name
AS
select_statement;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Drop a view:
DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] view_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Drop multiple views:

DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] view1, view2, ...;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Rename a view:
RENAME TABLE view_name
TO new_view_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Show views from a database:

SHOW FULL TABLES
[{FROM | IN } database_name]
WHERE table_type = 'VIEW';
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Working with triggers

Create a new trigger:
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
{BEFORE | AFTER} {INSERT | UPDATE| DELETE }
ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
trigger_body;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Drop a trigger:
DROP TRIGGER [IF EXISTS] trigger_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Show triggers in a database:

SHOW TRIGGERS
[{FROM | IN} database_name]
[LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE search_condition];
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Working with stored procedures

Create a stored procedure:
DELIMITER $$

CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name(parameter_list)

BEGIN
body;
END $$

DELIMITER ;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Drop a stored procedure:

DROP PROCEDURE [IF EXISTS] procedure_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Show stored procedures:

SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
[LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE search_condition];
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Working with stored functions

Create a new stored function:
DELIMITER $$

CREATE FUNCTION function_name(parameter_list)

RETURNS datatype
[NOT] DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
-- statements
END $$

DELIMITER ;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Drop a stored function:

DROP FUNCTION [IF EXISTS] function_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Show stored functions:

SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
[LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE search_condition];
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Querying data from tables

Query all data from a table:
SELECT * FROM table_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)
Query data from one or more column of a table:
SELECT
column1, column2, ...
FROM
table_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Remove duplicate rows from the result of a query:

SELECT
DISTINCT (column)
FROM
table_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Query data with a filter using a WHERE clause:

SELECT select_list
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Change the output of the column name using column alias:

SELECT
column1 AS alias_name,
expression AS alias,
...
FROM
table_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Query data from multiple tables using inner join:

SELECT select_list
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2 ON condition;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Query data from multiple tables using left join:

SELECT select_list
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2 ON condition;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Query data from multiple tables using right join:

SELECT select_list
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2 ON condition;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Make a Cartesian product of rows:

SELECT select_list
FROM table1
CROSS JOIN table2;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Counting rows in a table.

SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM table_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)
Sorting a result set:
SELECT
select_list
FROM
table_name
ORDER BY
column1 ASC [DESC],
column2 ASC [DESC];
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Group rows using the GROUP BY clause.

SELECT select_list
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_1, column_2, ...;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Filter group using the HAVING clause:

SELECT select_list
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column1
HAVING condition;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Modifying data in tables

Insert a new row into a table:
INSERT INTO table_name(column_list)
VALUES(value_list);
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Insert multiple rows into a table:

INSERT INTO table_name(column_list)
VALUES(value_list1),
(value_list2),
(value_list3),
...;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Update all rows in a table:

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1,
...;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Update data for a set of rows specified by a condition in WHERE clause.

UPDATE table_name
SET column_1 = value_1,
...
WHERE condition
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Update with join

UPDATE
table1,
table2
INNER JOIN table1 ON table1.column1 = table2.column2
SET column1 = value1,
WHERE condition;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Delete all rows in a table

DELETE FROM table_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Delete rows specified by a condition:

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Delete with join

DELETE table1, table2
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.column1 = table2.column2
WHERE condition;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Searching
Search for data using the LIKE operator:
SELECT select_list
FROM table_name
WHERE column LIKE '%pattern%';
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Text search using a regular expression with RLIKE operator.

SELECT select_list
FROM table_name
WHERE column RLIKE 'regular_expression';
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)