What Is Excitation System - Definition & Types of Excitation System - Circuit Globe

10/03/2023, 03:04 What is Excitation System?
Definition & Types of Excitation System - Circuit Globe
Excitation System
Definition: The system which is used for providing the necessary field
current to the rotor winding of the synchronous machine, such type of
system is called an excitation system. In other words, excitation system is
defined as the system which is used for the production of the flux by
passing current in the field winding. The main requirement of an excitation
system is reliability under all conditions of service, a simplicity of control,
ease of maintenance, stability and fast transient response.
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The amount of excitation required depends on the load current, load power
factor and speed of the machine. The more excitation is needed in the
system when the load current is large, the speed is less, and the power
factor of the system becomes lagging.
The excitation system is the single unit in which the each alternator has its
exciter in the form of generator. The centralised excitation system has two
or more exciter which feeds the bus-bar. The centralised system is very
cheap, but the fault in the system adversely affects the alternators in the
power plant.
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10/03/2023, 03:04 What is Excitation System? Definition & Types of Excitation System - Circuit Globe
Types of Excitation System
The excitation system is mainly classified into three types. They are
1. DC Excitation System
2. AC Excitation System
Rotor Excitation System
Brushless Excitation System
3. Static Excitation System
Their types are explained below in details.
1. DC Excitation System
The DC excitation system has two exciters – the main exciter and a pilot
exciter. The exciter output is adjusted by an automatic voltage regulator
(AVR) for controlling the output terminal voltage of the alternator. The
current transformer input to the AVR ensures limiting of the alternator
current during a fault.
When the field breaker is open, the field discharge resistor is connected
across the field winding so as to dissipate the stored energy in the field
winding which is highly inductive.
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The main and the pilot exciters can be driven either by the main shaft or
separately driven by the motor. Direct driven exciters are usually preferred
as these preserve the unit system of operation, and the excitation is not
excited by external disturbances.
The voltage rating of the main exciter is about 400 V, and its capacity is
about 0.5% of the capacity of the alternator. Troubles in the exciters of turbo
alternator are quite frequent because of their high speed and as such
separate motor driven exciters are provided as standby exciter.
2. AC Excitation System
The AC excitation system consists of an alternator and thyristor rectifier

bridge directly connected to the main alternator shaft. The main exciter may
either be self-excited or separately excited. The AC excitation system may
be broadly classified into two categories which are explained below in
details.
a. Rotating Thyristor Excitation System
The rotor excitation system is shown in the figure below. The rotating
portion is being enclosed by the dashed line. This system consists an AC
exciter, stationary field and a rotating armature. The output of the exciter is
rectified by a full wave thyristor bridge rectifier circuit and is supplied to the
main alternator field winding.
The alternator field winding is also supplied through another rectifier circuit.
The exciter voltage can be built up by using it residual flux. The power
supply and rectifier control generate the controlled triggering signal. The
alternator voltage signal is averaged and compare directly with the operator
voltage adjustment in the auto mode of operation. In the manual mode of
operation, the excitation current of the alternator is compared with a
separate manual voltage adjustment.
b. Brushless Excitation System
This system is shown in the figure below. The rotating portion being
enclosed by a dashed line rectangle. The brushless excitation system
consists an alternator, rectifier, main exciter and a permanent magnet
generator alternator. The main and the pilot exciter are driven by the main
shaft. The main exciter has a stationary field and a rotating armature directly
connected, through the silicon rectifiers to the field of the main alternators.
The pilot exciter is the shaft driven permanent magnet generator having
rotating permanent magnets attached to the shaft and a three phase
stationary armature, which feeds the main exciter field through silicon
rectifiers, in the field of the main alternator. The pilot exciter is a shaft driven
permanent magnetic generator having rotating permanent magnets
attached to the shaft and a 3-phase stationary armature, which feeds the
main’s exciter through 3-phase full wave phase controlled thyristor bridges.
The system eliminates the use of a commutator, collector and brushes have
a short time constant and a response time of fewer than 0.1 seconds. The
short time constant has the advantage in improved small signal dynamic
performance and facilitates the application of supplementary power system
stabilising signals.
3. Static Excitation System
In this system, the supply is taken from the alternator itself through a 3-
phase star/delta connected step-down transformer. The primary of the
transformer is connected to the alternator bus and their secondary supplies

power to the rectifier and also feed power to the grid control circuit and
other electrical equipment.
This system has a very small response time and provides excellent dynamic
performance. This system reduced the operating cost by eliminating the
exciter windage loss and winding maintenance.
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Related Terms:
1. Excitation System of a Synchronous Machine
2. Automatic Voltage Regulator
3. Static Voltage Regulator
4. Starting Methods of a Single Phase Induction Motor
5. Construction of a Synchronous Machine
7 thoughts on “Excitation System”
PEEYUSH SONO
NOVEMBER 14, 2017 AT 8:00 PM
Bahut hi acha hai.
Reply
SAROJ KUMAR YADAV

APRIL 30, 2019 AT 4:53 PM
Nice
Reply
MOHAMMED.
OCTOBER 2, 2019 AT 7:09 AM
can i get information about construction of alternator…..
Reply
MOHIT TRIPATHI
NOVEMBER 17, 2017 AT 3:09 PM
Best explanation with simple diagrams
Reply
ANTU ROY
MAY 11, 2018 AT 9:47 AM
Every definition, comparison, circuit diagram are best, and answer is also
best.
Reply
ATISH MAHARANA
JUNE 21, 2018 AT 11:22 AM
The explanation was good..

I have a doubt that how much amount of voltage generated and when
generated. When the field flashing contactor on for flashing input volt to the
circuit.
Please elaborate it.
Thanks..
Reply
M RIZWAN CH
NOVEMBER 21, 2019 AT 7:33 AM
Good explanation …
Reply
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10/03/2023, 03:04 What is Excitation System?

Definition & Types of Excitation System - Circuit Globe

‫احصل على بريد‬

Types of Excitation System

Their types are explained below in details.

Are you really a Man in

The AC excitation system consists of an alternator and thyristor rectifier

a. Rotating Thyristor Excitation System

b. Brushless Excitation System

3. Static Excitation System

transformer is connected to the alternator bus and their secondary supplies

Become Better And

7 thoughts on “Excitation System”

Bahut hi acha hai.

SAROJ KUMAR YADAV

can i get information about construction of alternator…..

Best explanation with simple diagrams

The explanation was good..

MOST SEARCHED TERMS

Star Delta Starter

Peak Value, Average Value and RMS Value

Active, Reactive and Apparent Power

Electrical Bus-Bar and its Types

Emf Equation of a DC Generator

Two Wattmeter Method of Power Measurement

Eddy Current Loss

Become Better And Last

RLC Series Circuit

Step Index Fiber

Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

Become Better And Last

Optical Fiber Communication

Switchgear and Protection

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