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Binding

This document discusses binding, polymorphism, function overloading, and ambiguity in function overloading in C++. It defines binding as the process of matching function calls to definitions. Polymorphism allows an operation to show different behaviors depending on data types. Function overloading allows functions with the same name to perform different tasks depending on arguments. Ambiguity occurs when the compiler cannot determine which overloaded function to call due to issues like type conversions, default arguments, or pass by reference.

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Teerth Bhardwaj
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25 views14 pages

Binding

This document discusses binding, polymorphism, function overloading, and ambiguity in function overloading in C++. It defines binding as the process of matching function calls to definitions. Polymorphism allows an operation to show different behaviors depending on data types. Function overloading allows functions with the same name to perform different tasks depending on arguments. Ambiguity occurs when the compiler cannot determine which overloaded function to call due to issues like type conversions, default arguments, or pass by reference.

Uploaded by

Teerth Bhardwaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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•Binding

•Polymorphism
•Function Overloading
•Ambiguity in function overloading

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Binding
 Binding: The process of matching the function call with
the correct function definition by the compiler. There
are two types of bindings-
1. Static binding: By default, matching of function call
with the correct function definition happens at
compile time, is called static/early/compile-time
binding.
2. Dynamic binding: The compiler matches function calls
with the correct definition at the run time, is called
dynamic/late/run-time binding.

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof. Engineering College


Ajmer
Polymorphism
 The ability to take more than one form is called
polymorphism.
 An operation may show different behaviors in different
instances.
 Behaviors depends on the type of data used in the
operation.
 For example, In addition operation, for two numbers it gives
sum and for two strings it gives concatenation.
 Two types of polymorphism-
1. Compile-time/static polymorphism
2. Run-time/dynamic polymorphism

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Types of Polymorphism

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Function overloading
 The mechanism of using same function name to
create functions that perform different tasks, called
function overloading.
 Perform different tasks, depends on arguments list
in function call.
 Correct function to be invoked is determined by
checking the number and type of the arguments
but not on function return type.

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Function overloading
 Example - an overloaded add() function
//Declaration
int add(int a, int b); //prototype 1
int add (int a, int b, int c); //prototype 2
double add(double x, double y); //prototype 3
double add(int p , double q); //prototype 4
double add(double p , int q); //prototype 5
//function call
cout<<add(5, 10); //uses prototype 1
cout<<add(15, 10.0); //uses prototype 4
cout<<add(12.5, 7.5); //uses prototype 3
cout<<add(5, 10, 15); //uses prototype 2
cout<<add(0.75, 5); //uses prototype 5
Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering
College Ajmer
Function overloading
 The function selection involves the following steps:-
1. Find an exact match in which the types of actual arguments are the
same.
2. Uses integral promotions to the actual arguments such as : char to int
,float to double.
3. Uses the following implicit type conversions to the actual arguments,
if multiple matches, then compiler will give error message.

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Function overloading
//Program to overload sum() function
int sum(int, int);
int sum(int, int, int);
int main()
{
cout<<“Sum of two numbers is ”<<sum(5, 10);
cout<<“\n”;
cout<<“Sum of three numbers is ”<<sum(10, 20, 30);
return 0;
}

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Function overloading
int sum(int x, int y)
{
return(x+y);
}
int sum(int a, int b, int c)
{
return(a+b+c);
}
Output-
Sum of two numbers is 15
Sum of three numbers is 60

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Ambiguity in function overloading
 When the compiler is unable to decide which function it
should invoke first among the overloaded functions, this
situation is known as function overloading ambiguity.
 The compiler does not run the program if it shows
ambiguity error.
 Causes of Function Overloading ambiguity:
1. Type Conversion.
2. Function with default arguments.
3. Function with a pass by reference

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Ambiguity in function overloading
 Example-Type Conversion.
void function(float);
void function(int);
void function(float x)
{
cout << "Value of x is : " <<x;
}

void function(int y)
{
cout << "Value of y is : " <<y;
}

int main()
{
function(3.4);
return 0;
}

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Ambiguity in function overloading
 Example-Function with default arguments.

void function(int);
void function(int, int);
void function(int x)
{
cout << "Value of x is : " <<x;
}
void function(int y, int z=12)
{
cout << "Value of y is : " <<y;
cout << "Value of z is : " <<z;
}
int main()
{
function(10);
return 0;
}

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Ambiguity in function overloading
Example- Function with a pass by reference

void function(int);
void function(int &);
void function(int a)
{
cout << "Value of a is : " <<a;
}
void function(int &b)
{
cout << "Value of b is : " <<b;
}

int main()
{
int x=10;
function(x);
return 0;
}

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer
Thank You

Prepared by: Anil Kumar Tailor, Assistant Prof., Engineering


College Ajmer

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