Introduction to Offshore Structures
OE 6200
DESIGN OF OFFSHORE
STRUCTURES
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 1
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
CONTENTS
Loads on Offshore Structures
Wind Loads; Wave and Current Loads; Calculation based on
Maximum base Shear and Overturning Moments; Design Wave
heights and Spectral Definition; Hydrodynamic Coefficients and
Marine growth; Fatigue Load Definition and Joint Probability
distribution; Seismic Loads;
Concepts of Fixed Platform Jacket and Deck
Jacket concepts, redundant framing arrangement; Launch and Lift
jackets; Simple Deck configurations for Lift and float-over
installations; In-service and Pre-service Loads and analysis
Steel Tubular Member Design
Principles of WSD and LRFD; Allowable stresses and Partial Safety
Factors; Tubular Members, Slenderness effects; Column Buckling,
Design for Hydrostatic pressure; Design for combined axial and
bending stresses (API RP 2A guidelines);
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 2
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
1
Introduction to Offshore Structures
CONTENTS – Contd..
Tubular Joint Design for Static and Cyclic Loads
Simple tubular joints, design using allowable loads; stress
concentration factors; S-N curves and fatigue damage calculations
Jackup Rigs
Configuration and operation of jackups; Simplified analysis; Spudcan
penetration and extraction; Spudcan – pile interaction; Design of
jackup legs;
Design against Accidental Loads (Fire, Blast and
Collision)
Behaviour of steel at elevated temperature; Fire Rating for
Hydrocarbon fire; Design of structures for high temperature; Blast
Mitigation-Blast walls; Collision of Boats and energy absorbtion;
Platform survival capacity and Plastic design methods
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 3
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
Oil and Gas Exploration/Exploitation
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 4
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
2
Introduction to Offshore Structures
Hydrocarbon Production and Transportation
Riser
Well Fluid
Tie-in Spool
Conductors (wells)
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 5
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 6
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
3
Introduction to Offshore Structures
OIL AND GAS PROJECT SEGMENTS
The overall oil and gas project can be classified into following three
segments from drilling to final product at refinary
Upstream Production
- Reservoir assessment and Drilling
- Oil, water and gas separation from 3 phase fluid
- Heating, compression and pumping
Transportation
- Transporting Crude oil and natural gas to land
Downstream Refining
– oil refinery, which converts crude oil into high-octane motor
fuel (gasoline/petrol), diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gases
(LPG), jet aircraft fuel, kerosene, heating fuel oils,
lubricating oils, asphalt and petroleum coke;
- natural gas processing plant, which purifies and converts
raw natural gas into residential, commercial and industrial
fuel gas, and also recovers natural gas liquids (NGL) such
as ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes;
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 7
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
OIL AND GAS PROJECT SEGMENTS
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 8
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
4
Introduction to Offshore Structures
FIELD DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS
Field development concepts highly depends on the technology available
and the capacity of the reservoir. The concepts generally revolve around
processing and pumping schemes and their economic consideration
Onshore Field
- Both upstream and downstream activities on land and
could be optimised to obtain good results.
Offshore - Shallow water Fields
– Involves conventional fixed platform structures with all
processing technology similar to onshore concepts.
Sometimes special processing and pumping technology
adopted
Offshore - Deep water Fields
– Involves latest technology in both offshore installations
and processing concepts;
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 9
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
Oil and Gas Exploration
Seismic Survey and Block Identification
Exploratory Drilling and Reservoir Estimate
Exploratory Drilling
Reservoir Depth
Fluid Composition
Reservoir Assessment
Development Concept
Techno-Economic Feasibility Study
Process Concept
Project Development Definition
Detailed Project Report
Final Implementation
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 10
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
5
Introduction to Offshore Structures
JACKUP RIG FOR DRILLING
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 11
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
Wellhead platforms
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 12
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
6
Introduction to Offshore Structures
Process platforms
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 13
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
As we move away from shallow water depth, the safety
in design revolves around economy and new technology
Wellhead and Process, Living Wellhead, Process, Living
platforms separated by a distance facilities in a single platforms
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 14
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
7
Introduction to Offshore Structures
Fixed Offshore Structures
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 15
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
What it means…
Offshore Structures subjected to most onerous and severe loading
conditions….
Storm Wind, Waves and Currents
Water Depths in excess of 600m for fixed structures
Water Depths in excess of 3000m for floating structures
Operating in Temperature far below normal temperature
Special Materials required resist corrosive environment
Loads are cyclic and fatigue loading will be important
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 16
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
8
Introduction to Offshore Structures
OFFSHORE STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO MOST HOSTILE
ENVIRONMENT
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 17
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
Introduction to Offshore Structures
AS HIGH AS SKY SCRAPERS
Comparison
Platforms are as
high as skyscrapers
Dr. S. Nallayarasu
NPTEL course 18
Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras-36
