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    NANOTECHNOLOGY

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    159Trupt Vaghani
    Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. Richard Feynman first proposed the idea of molecular manufacturing in 1959. The development of tools like scanning tunneling microscopes in the 1980s allowed scientists to see and manipulate atoms and molecules, advancing the field of nanotechnology. Common tools used in nanotechnology include powerful microscopes and probes that can see and manipulate structures as small as a few nanometers. The size of the nanoscale is difficult to imagine, but examples show that one nanometer is approximately as long as a fingernail grows in one second. Nanotechnology offers advantages in fields like medicine, industry, and materials, but also raises concerns about jobs and accessibility of

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    NANOTECHNOLOGY

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    159Trupt Vaghani
    79 views28 pages
    Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. Richard Feynman first proposed the idea of molecular manufacturing in 1959. The development of tools like scanning tunneling microscopes in the 1980s allowed scientists to see and manipulate atoms and molecules, advancing the field of nanotechnology. Common tools used in nanotechnology include powerful microscopes and probes that can see and manipulate structures as small as a few nanometers. The size of the nanoscale is difficult to imagine, but examples show that one nanometer is approximately as long as a fingernail grows in one second. Nanotechnology offers advantages in fields like medicine, industry, and materials, but also raises concerns about jobs and accessibility of

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    Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. Richard Feynman first proposed the idea of molecular manufacturing in 1959. The development of tools like scanning tunneling microscopes in the 1980s allowed scientists to see and manipulate atoms and molecules, advancing the field of nanotechnology. Common tools used in nanotechnology include powerful microscopes and probes that can see and manipulate structures as small as a few nanometers. The size of the nanoscale is difficult to imagine, but examples show that one nanometer is approximately as long as a fingernail grows in one second. Nanotechnology offers advantages in fields like medicine, industry, and materials, but also raises concerns about jobs and accessibility of

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    79 views28 pages

    NANOTECHNOLOGY

    Uploaded by

    159Trupt Vaghani
    Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. Richard Feynman first proposed the idea of molecular manufacturing in 1959. The development of tools like scanning tunneling microscopes in the 1980s allowed scientists to see and manipulate atoms and molecules, advancing the field of nanotechnology. Common tools used in nanotechnology include powerful microscopes and probes that can see and manipulate structures as small as a few nanometers. The size of the nanoscale is difficult to imagine, but examples show that one nanometer is approximately as long as a fingernail grows in one second. Nanotechnology offers advantages in fields like medicine, industry, and materials, but also raises concerns about jobs and accessibility of

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    NANOTECHNOLOGY

    VIVEKANAND COLLEGE FOR BCA


    ADVANCED COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
    AFFILIATED TO
    VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
    SURAT.

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    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    When I reach on completion of the seminar, giving credit becomes a must,


    without the support of so many people’s help and guidance, this seminar
    couldn’t be completed successfully.
    First I would like to thank my parents with their great support I can reach at the
    stage. Then my humble thanks to all professors and all staff members of our
    college “Vivekanand College for BCA Advanced Computer & Information
    Science, Surat”. For the Co-operation & keep interest extended by them,
    throughout my degree course. It is a base that they have built, which sustains
    such good jobs.
    I would like to thank Mrs. Sumati Shenoy, the campus director of Vivekanand
    College of Advanced Computer and Information Science and Mrs. Dipjaya
    Patel, I/C principal of Vivekanand College for BCA, for granting an
    opportunity to work on this seminar. I would also like to thank my guide DR.
    Sandip Surati for her valued guidance and encouragement towards the
    completion of my seminar.
    Last but not the least, our heartfelt appreciation goes to all those not named
    here, but who have rendered their co-operation, little or more, directly or
    indirectly involved in the development of this system.

    Thank You.

    SUBMITTED BY :
    MAYANK S. GHELANI.

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    2. HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

    Any advanced research carries inherent risks but nanotechnology bears


    a special burden. The field's bid for respectability is colored by the
    association of the word with a cabal of futurist who foresee nano as a
    pathway to a techno-utopia.

    Noble prize winner Richard Feynman first conceived the idea of


    molecular manufacturing in his 1959 speech, “There's Plenty of Room
    at the Bottom."

    Richard Feynman was the first scientist to suggest that devices and
    materials could someday be fabricated to atomic specifications.

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    In 1986-five years after IBM researchers Gerd Binnig and Heinrich


    Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope, which garnered
    them the Nobel Prize-the book Engines of Creation, by K. Eric Drexler,
    created a sensation for its depiction of godlike control over matter. The
    book describes self-replicating nanomachines that could produce
    virtually any material good, while reversing global warming, curing
    disease and dramatically extending life spans.

    Kim Eric Drexler : Molecular Machinery and Manufacturing With


    Applications to Computation (1991)
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    3. TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTATION

    What tools & instrument used in nanotechnology?

    Nanoscientists use powerful microscopes called scanning


    probe microscopes to “see” atoms and molecules. In
    school or maybe at home you probably used an optical
    microscope. With those microscopes you can see cells.
    Scanning probe microscopes are a lot different than
    optical microscopes.

    Nanotechnology tools and instruments are the hardware,


    software and supplies used to measure and manipulate
    structures on the nanoscale. They include microscopes,
    probes, lithography systems, manipulation and fabrication
    systems, software and other accessories. Rarely are these
    instruments unique to nanotechnologies.

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    4. SIZE OF NANOSCALE

    Just how small is “nano?” In the International System of Units, the


    prefix "nano" means one-billionth, or 10-9; therefore one nanometer
    is one-billionth of a meter. It’s difficult to imagine just how small
    that is, so here are some examples:

    A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick

    A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter

    There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch

    A human hair is approximately 80,000- 100,000 nanometers wide

    A single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in diameter

    On a comparative scale, if the diameter of a marble was one


    nanometer, then diameter of the Earth would be about one meter

    One nanometer is about as long as your fingernail grows in one


    second
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    The illustration below has three visual examples of the size and the scale
    of nanotechnology,
    showing just how
    small things at the
    nanoscale actually
    are.

    EXAMPLE :

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    11. ADVANTAGES

    Medical Advantages :

    End of Illnesses (I.e. Cancer, heart disease)


    Universal immunity (I.e. aids, flu)
    Body Sculpting (I.e. change your appearance)
    Stop the aging Process
    Painless Child births

    Industrial Advantages :

    Computers a billion times faster and a million times


    smaller
    Automatic Pollution Cleanup
    Manufacturing at almost no cost

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    Other advantages :

    Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry


    Materials Producers
    Usage Superior Education
    in Textiles Industries

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    12. NANO PROBLEMES AND LIMITATION

    Loss of jobs (manufacturing, farming, etc…)


    Oil Becomes worthless
    Diamonds become worthless
    Atomic weapons more accessible and destructive

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    13. CONCLUSION

    Nanotechnology offers the ability to build


    large numbers of products that are incredibly
    powerful.

    Nanotechnology is heavily intertwined with


    biotechnology and information technology,
    making its scope very wide

    The nanotechnology industry is mainly used to


    create new world.

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    14. REFERENCES

    www.zyvex.com
    http://wikipedia.com
    www.foresight.org
    www.nanoelectronicsplanet.com
    www.nanotechnology.com

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