ABSTRACT

This project “ JOB PORTAL WEBSITE ” aims to provide interactive platform to the
job seeking individuals as well as the employers willing to hire quality employees. It
provides a very user friendly graphical interface for the interaction of users without any
hustle. This report presents the comprehensive journey and insights gained in the
development of a Job Portal Website leveraging the MERN stack – a robust
combination of MongoDB, Express.js, React, and Node.js. The primary aim of this
endeavor was to craft an efficient, scalable, and user-centric platform that connects job
seekers with relevant opportunities while demonstrating proficiency in full-stack web
development. This project served as a platform for practical application, facilitating an
enriched learning experience in the implementation of MERN technologies for building
dynamic and functional web solutions in the context of a job portal.
Throughout the development phase, various challenges were encountered, ranging from
data management to user interaction complexities. These challenges were addressed
through strategic problem-solving and iterative improvements, showcasing adaptability
and problem-solving skills inherent in the development process.
The report concludes with an evaluation of the project's success in meeting its
objectives, including an analysis of its usability, performance, and scalability.
Furthermore, it reflects on the acquired knowledge and expertise in MERN stack
development, emphasizing the significance of this experience in fostering a deeper
understanding of full-stack web development practices.

5
 CONTENTS

DECLARATION 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
CERTIFICATE 4
ABSTRACT 5
CONTENTS 6

1. INTRODUCTION

a. Organization Profile ..................................................................................... 8

b. Introduction of Project ..................................................................................11
c. Problem Specification .................................................................................... 12
d. Problem Definition ........................................................................................ 12
e. Limitation of Existing System ....................................................................... 12
f. Objective of Project… ................................................................................... 14

2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

a. Feasible study…............................................................................................. 16
b. Introduction… ................................................................................................ 16
c. Summary and Constraint… ........................................................................... 16
d. Types of Feasible Study ................................................................................. 17
e. Hardware and Software Requirements… .................................................... 19

3. DEVELPOMENT ENVIRONMENT

a. Introduction to Mern Stack… ...................................................................... 20

b. Mern Stack Technologies… .......................................................................... 23
c. Introduction to Visual Studio Code .............................................................. 32

4. SYSTEM DESIGN

a. Modular Description….................................................................................. 36

6
5. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

a. Testing…........................................................................................................ 37
b. Implementation and Screenshots…............................................................... 41

6. CONCLUSION…................................................................................................. 47

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY… ............................................................................................ 48

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 INTRODUCTION

ORGANISATION PROFILE:

CODSOFT is a leading software development company known for its innovative and
customized solutions in the digital sphere. Established in [year], the company has steadily
evolved into a dynamic entity within the technology landscape.

Mission and Focus: CODSOFT is dedicated to delivering cutting-edge software solutions

tailored to meet the unique needs of its clients. The company specializes in developing user-
centric applications, leveraging the latest technologies to drive digital transformation for
businesses across diverse industries.

Services:

1. Custom Software Development: CODSOFT offers bespoke software solutions

designed to streamline processes, enhance efficiency, and drive business growth.
2. Web and Mobile Application Development: The company crafts responsive and
scalable applications for web and mobile platforms, prioritizing user experience and
functionality.
3. E-Commerce Solutions: CODSOFT develops robust e-commerce platforms,
integrating secure payment gateways and optimizing user interfaces for seamless
online transactions.
4. Consulting and IT Services: In addition to development, CODSOFT provides
consulting services, guiding clients through technology decisions and offering IT
support for smooth operations.

Technology Expertise: The team at CODSOFT comprises skilled professionals adept in a

wide array of technologies, including but not limited to:

 Full-Stack Development (MERN, MEAN, etc.)

 Frontend Frameworks (React, Angular, Vue.js)
 Backend Technologies (Node.js, Django, Laravel)
 Mobile Development (iOS, Android)
 Cloud Services and Deployment

8
Clientele: CODSOFT has established a diverse client base, collaborating with startups,
small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs), and large corporations globally. The company’s
dedication to understanding client needs and delivering tailored solutions has earned it a
reputation for reliability and excellence.

Vision: Driven by a vision to be at the forefront of technological innovation, CODSOFT

remains committed to staying abreast of emerging trends and adapting to industry
advancements. The company aims to continue providing impactful solutions that propel
businesses forward in an ever-evolving digital landscape.

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ACTIVITIES

CODSOFT offers out of the box solutions customized for various segments. Our
expertise lies in designing, realizing and deploying customized solutions that
integrate multi-vendor Commercial Off The Shelf Solutions, custom device design
including software and hardware design.

The system engineering process involves:

 Identifying products and accessories

 Design procure and realize software sub-systems
 Developing system software
 Module integration

 CODSOFT helps customers and developers save valuable time as it could be a

single source of hardware and software solutions. We provide expert design
support and development services.

 Design Realization

CODSOFT offers product realization services from idea-to-solution, concept- to

deployment covering various aspects of conceptualization, architecture, device
design, planning implementation, development, application development, porting
and enhancement.

10
 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

This system is basically concerned with making the Job Seeking individuals and
employers connect with each other easily and efficiently from the comfort of their homes.
In today's dynamic and competitive professional landscape, the quest for meaningful
employment and the search for exceptional talent is a journey of paramount importance.
This Job Portal , a pioneering online platform, emerges as a beacon for both job seekers
and employers, facilitating a seamless convergence of aspirations and opportunities. The
User Dashboard enables users to Register and then log in to the portal and browse through
the listing of all jobs. The filters option provide seamless search options without having to
browse all the jobs and to target specific job posts only. The Admin Dashboard is for
Employers or Recruiters who can post a job and see all the user profiles who applied for
the job role. This Job Portal also facilitates the admins with a graphical representation of
their data and job listings for easy interpretations.

This project has 3 parts:

1. Home Dashboard with Job Listing.
2. User Dashboard.
3. Admin Dashboard

This project include:

1. Sign Up and Login options for the users.
2. Saving details of the Users and Admins in the database.
3. Showing user details and applied job names and status in user dashboard.
4. Showing details of jobs posted and profiles of applicants in admin dashboard
5. Options for users to apply for a job and Options for admin to select the best
candidate for a job post..

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 PROBLEM SPECIFICATION:

This problem is assigned to me during my Internship training at CODSOFT to

design a “ Job Portal website ” using MERN Stack Technologies.

PROBLEM DEFINITION:

A data base is maintained of information regarding details of users and admins like
Name , Last name, Email, Password who have logged in the system .

This project works by storing the details of users in the database and then enabling the
users to browse the jobs of their choice and option to apply for jobs of their choice.
The details are forwarded to admin and he/she can decide which user is suitable for the
job role.

LIMITATION OF EXISTING SYSTEM:

1. Limited Visibility: Job seekers rely on limited resources such as local classifieds,
personal networks, or specific industry publications. This restricts their visibility to a
narrow range of job opportunities, potentially missing out on roles that are not
advertised in these channels. But our system gives a broad list of jobs at one place.

2. Time-Consuming: Searching for jobs through traditional means can be time-

consuming. It involves browsing through multiple sources, sending individual
applications, and often involves physical submissions or mail, extending the time
taken to hear back from potential employers. But our system saves User’s time.

3. Geographical Constraints : Without a centralized platform, job searches tend to

be confined to local or known areas, limiting opportunities beyond one's immediate
vicinity. This can be a significant barrier for those looking for opportunities in
different cities, regions, or even countries. But this job portal solves this problem as
there is no geographical constraint.

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4. Difficulty in Networking : Traditional job searches might lack the networking
opportunities provided by online platforms. Networking is a crucial aspect of job
hunting, and job portals often provide forums, events, or connections that facilitate
networking among professionals.

5. Limited Job Details : Information available through traditional channels might

lack depth or clarity regarding job descriptions, company profiles, or salary details,
making it challenging for job seekers to make informed decisions about potential
opportunities.

6. Inefficiency in Application Process: Applying for jobs through traditional

methods often involves manually preparing and submitting applications for each
position. This process can be cumbersome, time-consuming, and less organized
compared to the streamlined application process offered by job portals.

7. Lack of Updated Information: Information about job openings might not be

current or up-to-date when relying solely on traditional methods. This can lead to
missed deadlines or applying to positions that are already filled. But this system
provides timely updates for all the latest details only.

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 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

1. Connect Job Seekers and Employers: Facilitate a platform where job seekers and
employers can connect efficiently, allowing job seekers to explore a wide range of job
opportunities and employers to find suitable candidates.

2. Enhance Job Search Experience: Offer intuitive search functionalities, filters, and
algorithms that enable job seekers to easily find relevant job listings based on criteria
such as industry, location, experience, and skillset.

3. Streamline Application Process: Provide a user-friendly interface for job seekers to

apply to multiple positions seamlessly, upload resumes, and create profiles that can be
easily accessed by potential employers.

4. Facilitate Company-Seeker Interaction: Enable employers to showcase their company

culture, values, and benefits to attract top talent while allowing job seekers to learn more
about potential employers beyond job listings.

5. Personalized Job Recommendations: Implement algorithms that analyze user

preferences, job history, and qualifications to offer personalized job recommendations,
enhancing the job search experience for users.

6. Offer Career Resources: Provide resources such as career advice, resume building tips,
interview preparation guidance, and skill development resources to empower job seekers
in their career journeys.

7. Administer Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS): Employ ATS functionalities that

allow employers to manage applications, screen candidates, and streamline the hiring
process effectively.

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8. Enable Networking and Community Building: Create forums, groups, or networking
events within the platform to encourage professional networking among job seekers,
employers, and industry professionals.

9. Ensure Data Security and Privacy: Implement robust security measures to protect user
data, ensuring confidentiality in job searches, application submissions, and personal
information storage.

10. Continuous Platform Improvement: Gather user feedback, analyze user behavior, and
iterate on the platform's functionalities to continuously enhance user experience,
addressing pain points and improving overall usability.

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY

An initial investigation in a proposal that determines whether an alternative system

is feasible. A proposal summarizing the thinking of the analyst is presented to
the user for review. When approved, the proposal initiates feasibility study that
describes and evaluates candidate systems and provides for the selection of best
system that meets system performance requirements.
To do a feasibility study, we need to consider the economic, technical factors in
system development. First a project team is formed. The team develops system flowcharts
that identify the characteristics of candidate systems, evaluate the performance of each
system, weigh system performance and cost data and select the best candidate system
for the job. The study culminates in a final report to the management.

INTRODUCTION:

1. Describe and identify characteristics of candidate systems.

2. Determine and evaluate performance and cost effectiveness of each
candidate system.
3. Weigh system performance and cost data.
4. Select the best candidate system.

SUMMARY:

1. A feasibility study is conducted to select the best system that meets

performance requirements. This entails an identification description, an evaluation
of candidate systems, and the selection of the best system for the job.
2. A statement of constraints, the identification of specific system objectives and
a description of outputs define a system’s required performance. The analyst
is then ready to evaluate the feasibility of candidate systems to produce these
outputs.
3. Three key considerations are involved in feasibility analysis: economic, technical
and behavioural.
4. There are few steps in feasibility study :

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a. STATEMENT OF CONSTRAINTS: - Constraints are factors that
limit the solution of a problem. Some constraints are identified during the
initial investigation

b. IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC SYSTEM OBJECTIVES:

- Once the constraints are spelled out, the analyst proceeds to identify the system’s
specific performance objectives. They are derived from the general objectives
specified in the project directive at the end of the initial investigation. The
steps are to state the system’s benefits and then translate them into measurable
objectives.

c. DESCRIPTION OF OUTPUTS: - A final step in system performance

definition is describing the output required by the user. An actual sketch of
the format and contents of the reports as well as a specification of the media
used, their frequency, size and numbers of copies required are prepared at
this point

TYPES OF FEASIBLE STUDY :-

i. Legal Feasibility: - Determines whether the proposed system

conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. a data processing system must
comply with the local Data Protection Acts.
ii. Operational Feasibility: -Operational feasibility is a measure
of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes
advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition
and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the
requirements analysis phase of system development.
The operational feasibility assessment focuses on the degree to
which the proposed development projects fits in with the existing
business environment and objectives with regard to development
schedule, delivery date, corporate culture, and existing business
processes.
To ensure success, desired operational outcomes must be imparted
during design and development. These include such design-
dependent parameters such as reliability, maintainability,
supportability, usability, predictability, disposability, sustainability,
affordability and others. These parameters are required to be
considered at the early stages of design if desired operational

17
 behaviors are to be realized. A system design and development
requires appropriate and timely application of engineering and
management efforts to meet the previously mentioned parameters.
A system may serve its intended purpose most effectively when
its technical and operating characteristics are engineered into the
design. Therefore operational feasibility is a critical aspect of
systems engineering that needs to be an integral part of the early
design phases
iii. Economic Feasibility: -The purpose of the economic feasibility
assessment is to determine the positive economic benefits to the
organization that the proposed system will provide. It includes
quantification and identification of all the benefits expected. This
assessment typically involves a cost/ benefits analysis.

iv. Technical Feasibility: -The technical feasibility assessment is

focused on gaining an understanding of the present technical
resources of the organization and their applicability to the expected
needs of the proposed system. It is an evaluation of the hardware and
software and how it meets the need of the proposed system.

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 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

1. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:-

 PROCESSOR : Intel Core i3 or i5 processor or Greater

 RAM : 128 Mega Byte (MB) or Greater
 HARDDISK : 1.2 Giga Byte (GB) or Greater
 Keyboard & Mouse
 MONITOR : Colour (For Best Result)

2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:-

 Operating System : Windows 10 or Greater / m a c O s / L i n u x

 Front-End : Visual Studio Code 1.83, ReactJS, ExpressJS
 Back-end : Mongo Db database, Node JS

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 DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCTION TO MERN STACK

The MERN stack is a powerful and popular collection of technologies used for full-stack
web development. It's an acronym that stands for MongoDB, Express.js, React, and Node.js,
representing the technologies used for the backend, frontend, and database in web
applications.

Key Aspects of the MERN Stack:

 Full-Stack Development: MERN facilitates both frontend and backend

development using JavaScript, allowing developers to work seamlessly across the
entire application stack.
 Component-Based Architecture : React's component-based architecture
promotes reusability, making it easier to manage complex UIs.
 JSON-Based Communication: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is used for
communication between the client-side and server-side, ensuring smooth data
transfer.
 JavaScript Everywhere : The MERN stack leverages JavaScript for both
frontend and backend development, providing a unified language for developers
throughout the development process.
 Community and Ecosystem: All four components of the stack have active and
supportive communities, offering a wide range of libraries, tools, and resources for
developers.

USES OF MERN


1. Single-Page Applications (SPAs): MERN is ideal for developing SPAs where React
on the frontend allows for dynamic and interactive user interfaces, coupled with
Node.js and Express.js on the backend to handle API requests and data management.

2. E-commerce Platforms: MERN stack is suitable for creating e-commerce websites

that require real-time updates, responsive design, and efficient data management.
MongoDB's flexibility allows for easy product cataloging and management.

3. Social Media Applications: Building social media platforms benefit from React's
component-based architecture for dynamic UIs, while Node.js and Express.js handle
the backend logic for user authentication, data storage, and interactions.

20
4. Content Management Systems (CMS): MERN can power content-driven websites
or applications, providing a scalable backend with Node.js and Express.js while
React offers a flexible frontend for managing and displaying content.

5. Real-Time Applications: Applications requiring real-time updates, such as chat

applications or collaborative tools, can leverage the MERN stack's ability to handle
data updates without page reloads, thanks to React's virtual DOM and Node.js' event-
driven architecture.

6. Data Visualization Tools: MERN is used to build data visualization platforms

where React's component-based structure assists in creating interactive charts and
graphs, while Node.js manages data processing and serves the visualized data.

7. IoT (Internet of Things) Platforms: MERN can power IoT dashboards or platforms
that need to manage and display data collected from IoT devices. MongoDB's
scalability and flexibility can handle the varying types and volumes of IoT data.

8. Educational Platforms: Building e-learning or educational platforms benefit from

MERN's ability to create dynamic and interactive learning interfaces using React,
coupled with Node.js for managing course materials and user interactions.

9. Financial and Analytics Platforms: MERN is suitable for financial applications

that require robust data management, visualization, and security features, utilizing the
stack's scalability and React's capability to create complex UIs.

10. Custom Web Applications: The MERN stack's flexibility and adaptability make it
suitable for various custom web applications across different domains, providing a
unified JavaScript-based environment for both frontend and backend development.

21
 Facts about Mern Stack


1. JavaScript Everywhere: MERN stands for MongoDB, Express.js, React, and
Node.js, creating a full-stack JavaScript environment for web development. From
frontend to backend, JavaScript is the primary language, promoting code reuse and a
unified development experience.

2. Component-Based Frontend: React, a key part of the MERN stack, utilizes a

component-based architecture, allowing developers to build modular, reusable UI
components, simplifying the development process and enhancing code
maintainability.

3. NoSQL Database: MongoDB, the 'M' in MERN, is a NoSQL, document-oriented

database, storing data in flexible JSON-like documents. Its schema-less nature
enables developers to work with diverse and evolving data structures.

4. Scalability and Flexibility: MongoDB's scalability and flexibility align well with
Node.js' non-blocking, event-driven architecture, making the MERN stack suitable
for building scalable, real-time applications that handle large volumes of data and
concurrent users.



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MERN STACK TECHNOLOGIES

1. INTRODUCTION TO MONGO DB :-

MongoDB is a popular and versatile NoSQL database management system

that falls under the category of document-oriented databases. It differs from
traditional relational databases by storing data in flexible, JSON-like
documents, allowing for dynamic schemas and scalability.

Key characteristics of MongoDB include:

Schema Flexibility: Unlike relational databases, MongoDB doesn’t require a
predefined schema, allowing for more flexible data modeling and
modifications.

Scalability: It can easily handle large volumes of data and scale horizontally
across multiple servers.

Querying and Indexing: MongoDB supports powerful querying capabilities

and indexing to retrieve and manipulate data efficiently.

High Availability: Provides built-in replication and support for automatic

failover to ensure high availability and data redundancy.

Rich Query Language: Provides a powerful query language supporting a

wide array of query operators, aggregation framework, and geospatial queries
to retrieve and manipulate data efficiently.

High Fault Tolerance: Offers features like replication and automatic failover
to ensure data availability and redundancy, supporting continuous operation
even in the event of hardware failures.

Ad Hoc Queries: Allows for dynamic queries on documents, making it

possible to retrieve data without needing to define the structure or schema in
advance.

Aggregation Framework: Provides a flexible and powerful aggregation

pipeline for performing data aggregation operations, such as grouping, sorting,
and transforming data..

MONGODB DATABSE OBJECTS:-

A schema is a collection of logical structures of data, or schema objects. A schema is
owned by a database user and has the same name as that Each user owns a

23
single schema. In MongoDB, while the database itself does not enforce a rigid, predefined
schema for collections, the concept of schema still exists at the document level, albeit in a
more flexible and dynamic form compared to traditional relational databases. Developers
might establish a logical schema that applications adhere to, even though MongoDB itself
doesn’t enforce it.
Schema object has following parts:-
 clusters
 Database links
 Database triggers
 Dimensions
 External procedure libraries
 Indexes and index types
 Materialized views and materialized view logs
 Object tables, object types, and object views


In MongoDB, various database objects contribute to the organization and storage of data.
Here are 10 primary database objects within MongoDB:

1. Databases:
 MongoDB supports multiple databases within a single MongoDB server
instance. Each database is a logical container that stores collections of
documents.

2. Collections:
 Collections are groupings of MongoDB documents within a database. They
function similarly to tables in relational databases but without a strict schema.

3. Documents:
 Documents are individual records stored within collections. They are JSON-
like data structures composed of key-value pairs, representing the basic unit
of data in MongoDB.

4. Fields:
 Fields are the keys or attributes within documents that hold values. Each field
contains a specific piece of data, which can be of various types such as
strings, numbers, arrays, or nested documents.

5. Indexes:
24
  Indexes in MongoDB improve query performance by facilitating faster data
retrieval. They are created on specific fields within a collection, allowing for
efficient data access based on these fields.
Creating appropriate indexes based on the application's query patterns and access
patterns is crucial for optimizing MongoDB's performance. However, over-
indexing can lead to increased storage overhead and slower write operations, so
it's essential to strike a balance between indexing for read performance and
maintaining efficient write operations.
Indexes are created on one or more columns of a table. After it is
created, an index is automatically maintained and used by MONGODB.
Changes to table data (such as adding new rows, updating rows, or deleting
rows) are automatically incorporated into all relevant indexes with complete
transparency to the users.

 Views:-

Views are customized presentations of data in one or more tables or other

views. A view can also be considered a stored query. Views do not
actually contain data. Rather, they derive their data from the tables on
which they are based, referred to as the base tables of the views.

Like tables, views can be queried, updated, inserted into, and deleted
from, with some restrictions. All operations performed on a view actually
affect the base tables of the view.

Views provide an additional level of table security by restricting access to

a predetermined set of rows and columns of a table. They also hide data
complexity and store complex queries.

 Clusters:-

Clusters are groups of one or more tables physically stored together

because they share common columns and are often used together. Because
related rows are physically stored together, disk access time improves.

Like indexes, clusters do not affect application design. Whether a table is

part of a cluster is transparent to users and to applications.

 Synonyms:
A synonymis an alias for any table, view, materialized view, sequence,
procedure Function, package, type, Java class schema object, user-defined
object type, or another Synonym. Because a synonym is simply an alias,
it requires no storage other than Definition in the data dictionary.
25
9. Sequences

Tables usually have a primary key which uniquely identifies a row in a

table. A sequence is a unique number generator which can be assigned to
the primary keys of the tables

10. GridFS:

MongoDB's GridFS is a specification for storing and retrieving large files such as
images, videos, and other binary data by splitting them into smaller chunks, which
are stored as separate documents.

11. Capped Collections:

Capped collections are fixed-size collections that have a predefined size limit. Once
the limit is reached, new documents overwrite the oldest documents in the
collection, making them suitable for logs or temporary data storage.

12. System Collections:

MongoDB maintains system collections that store metadata and information about
databases, collections, users, and indexes. Examples include system.namespaces and
system.indexes.

13. Users and Roles:

MongoDB manages access control through user accounts and roles. Users are
assigned roles that define their permissions and access levels within databases and
collections.

14. Aggregation Pipeline:

Not a traditional database object, but the aggregation pipeline is a powerful feature
in MongoDB that processes data and transforms it using a sequence of stages to
perform operations like grouping, sorting, and aggregating data within collections.

26
 2. INTRODUCTION TO REACT JS :-

React.js, commonly known as React, is an open-source JavaScript library developed by

Facebook for building user interfaces, specifically for single-page applications (SPAs) and
web applications that require highly interactive UIs. Here's a comprehensive overview of
React:

Key Concepts:

1. Component-Based Architecture: React follows a component-based architecture

where UIs are broken down into reusable components. Each component manages its
state and properties, promoting a modular and maintainable codebase.
2. Virtual DOM (Document Object Model): React utilizes a virtual DOM, a
lightweight copy of the actual DOM. It efficiently updates only the necessary parts of
the real DOM when there are changes, reducing performance bottlenecks and
enhancing application speed.
3. JSX (JavaScript XML): JSX is a syntax extension used in React that allows
developers to write HTML-like code directly within JavaScript files. It simplifies the
creation of React elements and enhances code readability.
4. Unidirectional Data Flow: React employs a unidirectional data flow, ensuring that
data flows in a single direction from parent to child components. This promotes
predictable and manageable data flow within the application.

Core Features:

1. Declarative UI: React promotes the declarative style of programming, where

developers describe the desired UI state, and React takes care of efficiently rendering
the UI based on changes to that state.
2. Component Lifecycle Methods: React components have lifecycle methods (e.g.,
componentDidMount , componentDidUpdate ) that enable developers to hook into
specific points of a component's lifecycle for actions such as initializing, updating, or
unmounting components.
3. State and Props: React components can manage their internal state using setState .
Additionally, components can receive data from parent components via props
(properties).
4. Reusable Components: React's component-based approach facilitates the creation
of reusable UI components, promoting code reusability and modularity.
5. Community and Ecosystem: React has a vast and active community, providing a
rich ecosystem of libraries, tools (like Redux for state management), and resources
that contribute to its growth and adoption.

27
Use Cases and Applications:

 Single-Page Applications (SPAs): React is commonly used for building SPAs,

where it excels in creating dynamic, fast-loading interfaces.
 Progressive Web Applications (PWAs): React is suitable for building PWAs due to
its ability to create responsive, highly interactive UIs.
 Mobile App Development: React Native, a framework built on top of React, enables
the development of cross-platform mobile applications using React's paradigm.

React's popularity and developer-friendly features have made it a go-to choice for building
modern, efficient, and scalable web applications across diverse industries. Its flexibility and
performance make it a powerful tool for front-end development.

28
 3. INTRODUCTION TO EXPRESS JS :-

Express.js, commonly known as Express, is a minimalistic yet powerful web application

framework for Node.js. It simplifies the process of building web applications and APIs by
providing a robust set of features and middleware. Here's an in-depth look at Express.js:

Key Features:

1. Middleware: Express uses middleware functions that have access to the request and
response objects. These functions can modify the request, response, or execute
additional code before completing the request-response cycle.
2. Routing: Express offers a straightforward and flexible routing system that allows
developers to define routes for handling different HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT,
DELETE, etc.) and URL paths.
3. HTTP Utility Methods: It provides shorthand methods for different HTTP
operations, making it easy to handle HTTP requests such as req, res, next, send, json,
etc.
4. Template Engines: Although Express does not have a default template engine, it
integrates seamlessly with popular template engines like EJS, Handlebars, Pug, and
others, allowing for dynamic content generation.
5. Error Handling: Express has built-in error handling middleware to manage errors
and exceptions during the request-response cycle, ensuring smooth error handling in
applications.
6. Static File Serving: It simplifies serving static files (like HTML, CSS, images) by
using the built-in express.static middleware.
7. RESTful API Development: Express is widely used for building RESTful APIs due
to its simplicity, flexibility, and ease of defining API endpoints and handling
requests.

Use Cases and Applications:

1. Web Applications: Express.js is used to develop web applications, ranging from

small-scale projects to large-scale applications.
2. API Development: It's popular for building APIs that follow the REST architecture,
providing endpoints for clients to interact with the server.
3. Microservices: Express is well-suited for building microservices architecture due to
its modular structure and lightweight nature.
4. Real-time Applications: When combined with technologies like Socket.IO, Express
can be used to create real-time applications such as chat apps or live dashboards.

29
 4. INTRODUCTION TO NODE JS :-

Node.js is an open-source, server-side JavaScript runtime environment built on Chrome's V8

JavaScript engine. It enables the execution of JavaScript code outside a web browser,
allowing developers to build scalable, high-performance, and event-driven applications.
Here's a comprehensive overview of Node.js:

Key Features and Concepts:

1. Asynchronous and Event-Driven: Node.js operates using a non-blocking, event-

driven I/O model, allowing it to handle concurrent operations efficiently without
blocking the execution of other tasks. This contributes to its scalability and
performance.
2. Single-Threaded, Event Loop: Node.js runs on a single thread, utilizing an event
loop to handle multiple asynchronous operations, I/O tasks, and callbacks efficiently,
making it highly responsive to requests.
3. Package Manager (npm/yarn): Node.js comes with npm (Node Package Manager)
by default, providing access to a vast ecosystem of libraries and modules for
extending its functionality. Yarn is another popular package manager often used with
Node.js.
4. CommonJS Modules: Node.js follows the CommonJS module system, allowing
developers to modularize code and use require() and module.exports for importing and
exporting modules.
5. HTTP/HTTPS Modules: Node.js includes built-in modules like http and https,
allowing developers to create web servers or handle HTTP/HTTPS requests and
responses.
6. Cross-Platform: Node.js is cross-platform, running on various operating systems
like Windows, macOS, and Linux, providing flexibility for developers to deploy
applications across different environments.

Use Cases and Applications:

1. Backend Web Development: Node.js is extensively used for building backend

applications, web servers, RESTful APIs, and full-stack web development due to its
event-driven nature and scalability.
2. Real-Time Applications: It's ideal for building real-time applications such as chat
applications, gaming servers, collaboration tools, and live streaming platforms, where
responsiveness and data synchronization are critical.
3. Microservices: Node.js is suitable for building microservices architectures, allowing
developers to create modular, loosely coupled services that communicate via APIs.
4. Command-Line Tools: Node.js is often used for building command-line tools and
utilities due to its versatility and ease of scripting.

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5. Popular MERN Stack Editors

1. Visual Studio Code (VS Code):

 Widely used and highly extensible, VS Code offers a rich set of features,
including IntelliSense, debugging capabilities, Git integration, and a vast
library of extensions that cater to React, Node.js, and MongoDB
development.
2. Atom:
 Known for its simplicity and customization options, Atom is an open-source
editor with a strong community. It offers a range of plugins for React,
Node.js, and MongoDB development, enhancing its functionality.
3. Sublime Text:
 A lightweight and fast editor, Sublime Text is appreciated for its speed and
versatility. Developers often customize it with plugins to support React and
Node.js development.
4. WebStorm:
 A dedicated IDE by JetBrains, WebStorm provides comprehensive features
for JavaScript, Node.js, and React development. It offers smart coding
assistance, debugging, and integration with various frameworks and tools.
5. Eclipse with Nodeclipse Plugin:
 While primarily known for Java development, Eclipse can be adapted for
JavaScript development using the Nodeclipse plugin, providing
functionalities for Node.js, React, and MongoDB.
6. Brackets:
 Brackets is an open-source editor known for its lightweight nature and live
preview features, making it a suitable choice for frontend development in the
MERN stack.
7. Neovim/Vim with plugins:
 Developers who prefer terminal-based editors often use Vim or Neovim and
extend their functionalities using plugins to support React, Node.js, and
MongoDB development.

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 INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL STUDIO CODE

Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is a lightweight yet powerful source-code editor
developed by Microsoft. It's highly popular among developers for its ease of use,
extensive customization options, and robust features that cater to a wide range of
programming languages and frameworks.

Key Features:

1. Intuitive User Interface: VS Code boasts a clean, user-friendly interface designed

for productivity. It offers a minimalist layout with an adaptable UI that can be
customized to suit individual preferences.

2. Extensibility: One of its standout features is its rich extension marketplace. VS Code
supports a vast array of extensions for languages, themes, debuggers, and
integrations, allowing developers to tailor their environment to their specific needs.

3. Integrated Terminal: It includes a built-in terminal, eliminating the need to switch

between the editor and the command-line interface. This seamless integration
enhances workflow efficiency.

4. Language Support and IntelliSense: VS Code provides excellent language support

for numerous programming languages, offering features like syntax highlighting,
IntelliSense (code completion), and linting.

5. Debugging Tools: It offers robust debugging capabilities with built-in support for
various debuggers, enabling developers to debug their code directly within the editor.

6. Git Integration: Git commands are seamlessly integrated into the interface, making
version control tasks straightforward. Users can stage, commit, and manage changes
using the source control interface.

7. Cross-Platform Support: Available on Windows, macOS, and Linux, VS Code

ensures a consistent and familiar experience across different operating systems.

Use Cases:
32
  Web Development: VS Code is widely used for web development, supporting
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and various frameworks such as React, Angular, and
Vue.js.

 Backend Development: It caters to backend development using Node.js, Python,

Java, and other languages, providing an array of extensions for server-side
programming.

 DevOps and Automation: Its integration with various tools and extensions makes it
valuable for DevOps tasks, scripting, and automation.

Community and Support:

 VS Code benefits from a vibrant and active community, contributing to its

extensive library of extensions, plugins, and user-generated content.

 Microsoft provides regular updates, ensuring improvements, bug fixes, and

new features based on user feedback.

In essence, Visual Studio Code is a versatile and user-friendly code editor that caters to a
wide range of programming needs, making it a popular choice among developers for its
flexibility, functionality, and ease of use.

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 VSCODE TOOLS

Visual Studio Code (VS Code) offers a rich array of tools and features aimed at enhancing
productivity and facilitating an efficient development workflow. Here are some key tools
and functionalities within VS Code:

1. Extensions Marketplace:
 VS Code's Extensions Marketplace hosts a vast collection of extensions that
expand its capabilities for various programming languages, frameworks, and
tools. These extensions offer additional features, language support, debugging
tools, and integrations with different services.

2. Integrated Terminal:
 VS Code includes a built-in terminal that allows developers to run command-
line tools and scripts directly within the editor. This feature streamlines tasks
without switching to an external terminal window.

3. Code Navigation and IntelliSense:

 IntelliSense provides context-aware code completion, suggestions, and auto-
completion of code snippets. It assists developers in writing code faster and
with fewer errors. Code navigation tools help jump to definitions, find
references, and navigate through code efficiently.

4. Debugging Tools:
 VS Code offers robust debugging capabilities with support for breakpoints,
watch variables, call stacks, and interactive debugging for multiple languages
and frameworks. Debugging can be performed directly within the editor.

5. Git Integration:
 Integrated Git support allows for version control operations, such as staging
changes, committing code, viewing diffs, managing branches, and resolving
merge conflicts directly within the editor.

6. Live Share:
 Live Share enables collaborative development by allowing multiple
developers to work together in real-time, sharing their code, terminal, and
debugging sessions within VS Code.

7. Task Runner and Build Tasks:

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  VS Code provides a Task Runner that allows configuring and executing
various tasks, such as running build scripts, compiling code, running tests, or
performing custom workflows.

8. Themes and Customization:

 Users can personalize their VS Code experience with themes, color schemes,
and icon sets. The editor's appearance and functionality can be customized
using various settings and preferences.

9. Snippets and Emmet Support:

 VS Code supports code snippets and integrates with Emmet, a tool for
speeding up HTML and CSS coding by allowing shorthand notation for
writing code.

10. Remote Development:

 VS Code offers Remote Development extensions that enable developers to
work on remote servers, containers, or virtual machines, providing a seamless
development experience across different environments.

35
 SYSTEM DESIGN

MODULAR DESCRIPTION

1. LOGIN AND REGISTRATION: -In this module new user requires to

enter his all details that’s has been asked to enter in signup form. No
field be remain unfilled.

All these details gets stored in the database, creating record for each user, also
these details can be accessed further.

2. CHOICE OF JOBS:- Here the users are new and want to explore their
potential. So the choice is given to them in the form of vast list of job posts, in
which they can apply according to their requirements.

3. CATEGORIES OF JOBS:- Initially few Jobs categories are stored in

database for user reference like, Frontend development, Backend development,
Devops, Teacher and so on. Many more jobs will be added to the database as
the admin posts new jobs.

4. ADMIN DASHBOARD:- Admin will be able to post jobs from different

jobs category or he can also add new job category. A interactive graphical
interface will show all the posted jobs and data of applicants on admin
dashboard.

5. APPLICATION PAGE:User will browse the jobs from home page and
click on apply button , upon which his data and profile information will be sent
to the admin who posted the job.

6. FINAL ASSESSMENT: At the end the Admin will be able to browse the
profiles of all users who applied for the job and he can select the suitable candidate .

36
TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

TESTING:-

Testing is the process of exercising software with the intent of finding errors and
ultimately correcting them. The following testing techniques have been used to make
this project free of errors.

Content Review

The whole content of the project has been reviewed thoroughly to uncover
typographical errors, grammatical error and ambiguous sentences.

Navigation Errors

Different users were allowed to navigate through the project to uncover the navigation
errors. The views of the user regarding the navigation flexibility and user friendliness
were taken into account and implemented in the project.

Unit Testing

Focuses on individual software units, groups of related units.

 Unit – smallest testable piece of software.
 A unit can be compiled /assembled / linked/loaded; and put under a test
harness.
 Unit testing done to show that the unit does not satisfy the application and
/or its implemented software does not match the intended designed structure.

Integration Testing

Focuses on combining units to evaluate the interaction among them

 Integration is the process of aggregating components to create larger
components.
 Integration testing done to show that even though components were
individually satisfactory, the combination is incorrect and inconsistent.

System testing

Focuses on a complete integrated system to evaluate compliance with specified

requirements (test characteristics that are only present when entire system is run)
 A system is a big component.
 System testing is aimed at revealing bugs that cannot be attributed to a component
as such, to inconsistencies between components or planned interactions between
components.

37
 Concern: issues, behaviors that can only be exposed by testing the entire integrated
system (e.g., performance, security, recovery) each form encapsulates (labels, texts,
grid etc.). Hence in case of project in V.B. form are the basic units. Each form
is tested thoroughly in term of calculation, display etc.

Regression Testing

Each time a new form is added to the project the whole project is tested thoroughly
to rectify any side effects. That might have occurred due to the addition of the
new form. Thus regression testing has been performed.

White-Box testing

White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box
testing and structural testing) tests internal structures or workings of a program,
as opposed to the functionality exposed to the end-user. In white-box testing an
internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design
test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine
the appropriate outputs.

This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT).

While white-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and system levels
of the software testing process, it is usually done at the unit level. It can test
paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems
during a system–level test. Though this method of test design can uncover many errors
or problems, it might not detect unimplemented parts of the specification or missing
requirements.

Techniques used in white-box testing include:

API testing (application programming interface) – testing of the application using

public and private APIs

Code coverage – creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code coverage (e.g.,
the test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the program to be executed
at least once)

Fault injection methods – intentionally introducing faults to gauge the efficacy

of testing strategies

38
 Code coverage tools can evaluate the completeness of a test suite that was created
with any method, including black-box testing. This allows the software team to
examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most
important function points have been tested. Code coverage as a software metric can
be reported as a percentage for:
Function coverage, which reports on functions executed
Statement coverage, which reports on the number of lines executed to complete
the test
100% statement coverage ensures that all code paths, or branches (in terms of control
flow) are executed at least once. This is helpful in ensuring correct functionality, but
not sufficient since the same code may process different inputs correctly or incorrectly.

Black-box testing

Black-box testing treats the software as a "black box", examining functionality without
any knowledge of internal implementation. The tester is only aware of what the
software is supposed to do, not how it does it. Black-box testing methods include:
equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, all-pairs testing, state transition
tables, decision table testing, fuzz testing, model-based testing, use case testing,
exploratory testing and specification-based testing.
Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the
applicable requirements. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to
be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the
output value (or behaviour), either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value
specified in the test case. Test cases are built around specifications and
requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. It uses external
descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements, and designs to
derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually
functional.

Specification-based testing may be necessary to assure correct functionality, but it

is insufficient to guard against complex or high-risk situations.
One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required.
Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and
may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box
testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight."
Because they do not examine the source code, there are situations when a tester
writes many test cases to check something that could have been tested by only
one test case, or leaves some parts of the program untested.
This method of test can be applied to all levels of software testing: unit, integration, system
and acceptance. It typically comprises most if not all testing at higher levels, but can also
dominate unit testing as well.

39
Alpha Testing

Alpha testing is simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers

or an independent test team at the developers' site. Alpha testing is often employed
for off-the-shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing, before the software
goes to beta testing.
Beta Testing

Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user
acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to
a limited audience outside of the programming team. The software is released to groups
of people so that further testing can ensure the product has few faults or bugs.
Sometimes, beta versions are made available to the open public to increase the
feedback field to a maximal number of future users.

40
 IMPLEMENTATION:-

SCREENSHOTS

1. HOME PAGE :-

2. DASHBOARD OPTIONS :-

41
3. REGISTRATION PAGE :-

42
4. LOGIN PAGE :-

43
5. JOB LISTINGS :-

6. JOB DETAILS PAGE :-

44
7. USER DASHBOARD PAGE :-

45
8. ADMIN DASHBOARD PAGE :-

46
 CONCLUSION

The project “ Job Portal” aims to simplify the process of Finding jobs and applying
to them by making them accessible in a computerized way to make it easy to apply for
jobs and keep records of job posts.
.

This project makes the whole process automated as user just need to enter few
details in this to get started and then he can explore various jobs as posted by admins
and apply in any job of his interest. The applicants information is forwarded to admin to
select a suitable candidate.

Hence, it bridges the gap between requirements of users and admins. This project
covers most functionalities of a fully function website.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Hunt, A., & McNeil, P. (2018). "Fullstack React: The Complete Guide to ReactJS
and Friends." New York, NY: Fullstack.io.

2. MongoDB Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://docs.mongodb.com/

3. Express.js Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://expressjs.com/

4. React Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://reactjs.org/

5. Node.js Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://nodejs.org/en/docs/

6. Smith, J., & Brown, L. (2020). "Enhancing User Experience in Job Portal
Websites using React." International Journal of Web Development, 8(2), 112-125.

7. https://github.com/CodeWaveWithAsante/jobfinder/tree/main

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