Emeraude v5.

40 Update Notes

1. Introduction
Emeraude v5.40 is a major release with many important additions. These notes describe the new options and
together with the online help – will be your entry point to those new functionalities if you are moving from
Emeraude v5.20 or v5.30. The points highlighted in yellow were introduced in 5.40.01, while the others were
introduced in v5.30.01.

Main objectives of Emeraude v5.40:

(1) Multifinger caliper data handling (with 3D MFC Display)
(2) Array data editing
(3) Stretch using multipoint correlation
(4) Cross-plots
(5) Histogram plots
(6) MPT model and display improvements
(7) FAST tool improvements
(8) Noise logging processing
(9) Cement evaluation display and calculations

Emeraude v5.40.01 showing Cement, MFC, Noise logs, and 3D MFC display

Emeraude v5.40 - Doc v5.40.01 © KAPPA 1988-2021 Emeraude v5.40 Update Notes - 1/24
2. Multifinger caliper

2.1. Load
Multifinger caliper (MFC) data coming from DLIS or LAS files can now be interpreted in Emeraude (from v5.20
it could be displayed as Array data).

The data can be loaded in surveys only, as done for passes. The drop list allows the selection of MFC data
(below, left), and multifinger columns are automatically activated from the root mnemonics definition. If the
file contains rotation, deviation, nominal ID, nominal OD, drift ID or any other type of data, Emeraude will
automatically recognize these based on the mnemonics. In addition, a catalogue with pipe sizes and weights
is available in case the ID/OD information is not given in the file (below, right).

Load window with MFC data type selection – MFC properties option with nominal diameters

Emeraude simplifies nominal diameters if possible after loading (it merges steps at start with same value).

Once loaded, Emeraude computes automatically radius and

diameter statistics (maximum penetration, opalization, relative
wall displacement, coefficient of variation). These statistics will
later be automatically updated when the MFC data is corrected
(centralization, etc…, see next).

MFC data then appear accordingly in the browser, with statistics

and all other information loaded together with the radii. The
node can be renamed, and the MFC array moved to another
survey or duplicated if required (the number of MFC arrays in a
survey is not limited).

MFC node in browser

2.2. Display
Once loaded, the data is stored as array data and contains logs.

An image of the MFC data is generated with the 64-bit component (same as Array data):
 The associated colour scale is selected by default, from drift ID/2 to OD/2. The finger numbers also appear
in the track header. When hovering the track, the mouse pointer coordinates are shown on the bottom left
corner of the application.
 The image accounts for tool bearing by default. The top of the pipe is on the left and right sides of the
pipe (respectively 0° and 360°), and the bottom is in the middle of the image (180°). The bearing can be
disregarded with a right click on the image, and the default can be changed in the application settings.

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 The image resolution can be changed: Low, Medium, High. Default is High for MFC, and the default
rendering does not interpolate colors from one depth to the other, and one finger to the other: Rendering
is set to Variable as opposed to Interpolated (cf. application display settings).
 Markers, grid lines and annotations can be displayed on top of the image track.

Statistics are displayed in dedicated tracks:

 The MFC Diagnostic track shows the pipe geometrical characteristics in terms of nominal diameters vs
measured radii:
o The pipe thickness is represented in grey between the OD and ID.
o The drift ID is represented with a dashed line.
o If the minimum finger radius falls below the nominal ID / 2, this condition is considered as
‘Reduction’ and colored with light blue
o If the minimum finger radius falls below the drift ID / 2, this condition is more severe and can cause
well entry difficulties. It is colored with dark blue
o If the maximum finger radius is larger than the nominal ID / 2, this condition is called ‘Penetration’
or metal loss, and is colored with yellow
o If the maximum finger radius is larger than the pipe OD / 2, this condition represents a full wall
penetration or ‘Perforation’, and is colored with red
 Ovalization (OVAL): Pipe ovality relative to nominal ID.
 Diameter Coefficient of variation (CV): Standard deviation of the diameter relative to nominal ID.
 Relative wall displacement (RWD): Casing wall displacement relative to the nominal wall thickness.
 Penetration (PEN): Maximum penetration relative to the nominal wall thickness.
 Reduction (RED): Measurement of the smallest arm reading relative to the nominal internal diameter of
the pipe.
 Metal loss: Represents the absolute penetration of each arm with respect to the pipe ID.
 Eccentricity: Distance between centers of the fitted ellipse or circle and the MFC. Shown only after
centralization.
A Radius track is available in the Explore, which shows the fingers Radii at the current processing stage. Upon
right-click on the track it is possible to export the log in .txt, .csv and. las formats.

MFC data display: image, diagnostic and statistics tracks

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2.3. Processing
The MFC processing offers the ability to correct for bad fingers, centralization issues and allows recalibration.
These options can be accessed by selecting Explore…upon right click on MFC data image track, or via the MFC
option in Special ribbon. Image, Diagnostic track, and PEN, OVAL, RWD, CV, RED, Metal loss tracks are also
available in Explore.

Editing
The MFC editing options are available in the Explore window. The ribbon offers direct access to the manual
options. The popup menu in the image track offers both manual and interactive options (right click).
 Bad finger: Data can be filtered, or arms ignored to avoid using spurious values during the statistics.
 Centralization (ellipse or circle): This process consists on fitting an ellipse or a circle to the raw data points.
The center of the ellipse will then be determined, and the new radius of each arm will be recomputed.
Eccentricity (distance of the centralized center to the original center) and Centralization residual tracks will
be generated after the process. Also the fitting parameters are tabulated for every depth.
A number of fingers that sense ID variations may be excluded automatically from the fitting. This is done
by comparing the ideal shape with the actual fingers values. Maximum, Minimum, absolute and % absolute
options are available.
 Recalibration: This process allows modifying the arms values by applying a different (constant) shifts to
each of them. Since the magnitude of the shift may vary with depth, it is possible to select multiple re-
calibration intervals. The shifts may be calculated using a known nominal ID or the shift may be based on
statistics of all the arms in certain region (median or mode). In this case, if no centralization was yet applied
to the data, the statistics calculation is preceded by a centralization performed on the whole log interval
(launched automatically, used to compute the shifts, and not retained).

Explore window with specific MFC edit options in the ribbon

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Cross-section
The Cross-section view can be called from the Explore
ribbon, or with a right click in the image track. It
provides detailed results at the selected depth,
together with a view of the well circumference.

The depth can be changed by navigating on the MFC

image (Shift + mouse movement), manual depth entry,
using the left/right arrows (forward/backward one
depth index per click) or using the slide bar. If at
different depths the measured radii are shown vs
finger index in the view on the right the depth plot, it
is also possible to quickly navigate those depths using
the up/down arrows before the depth entry. Results MFC cross-section
and display are then updated accordingly.

Cross-sections can be saved as images, including the associated statistics at that depth. These images can be
used in the Emeraude sample Word report.
Graphical information can also be changed from the grid below the results, among which:
 Autoscale fits the pipe diameter into the window. Otherwise, the maximum pipe diameter along the log
interval fits the view, and the display at any depth is relative to that reference.
 Show filled areas: colored areas are used to clearly identify nominal thickness, penetrations and restrictions.
 Show fingers displays in red the exact position of the fingers tip.
 Show markers will add a marker (circle) at the fingers tip. After centralization, the cross-section will show
in blue the fingers that were excluded from the fitting at any depth.
 Show centralization displays the fitting ellipse or circle, if centralization has been performed.

3D Display
The 3D MFC display is accessible from the Explore and displays the MFC data on its current status of processing.
If the joints definition is present, it is then possible to navigate along the well using it.

The 3D plot manipulation follows the same principles already available in the KAPPA-Workstation 3D display.
The main specific features for MFC display are:
 The mesh accounts for tool rotation (relative bearing) and well deviation.
 The detailed results of the displayed joint are shown, or some global statistics for the entire well.
 It is possible to display the Drift ID, Nominal ID and Nominal OD.
 A longitudinal cut along the pipe axis can be made using any finger as clipping plane.
 It is possible to rotate the view around the well axis, step by step.
 The image can be filtered based on the radius value.
 It is possible to record a movie (.avi) while automatically moving through the joints (playback), and also
capture any image manipulation made by the user (rotation, clipping, etc.).
 Snapshots of the displayed 3D object, or any joint selected in the Joints table can be saved.

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 3D MFC Display

Joints table
Manual, interactive and automatic joints identification is possible. Interactive and Automatic processes are
based on a threshold value applied to either one of the following:
 CCL data if available,
 Metal loss,
 RWD,
 A diameter-based penetration value, which appeared to be a good indicator of collars position, that is
calculated using minimum ID rather than minimum radius. This channel, as well as the threshold line,
appears in orange in the Penetration track in Explore.
The joints identification algorithm will honor a minimum body length (default is 28ft) and an offset (default is
5% of the length of the identified bodies, but an absolute value can be given).

When identified, the Joints track is created, displaying defined bodies, where they can be manually resized,
added or removed. Each identified body section is colored based on its maximum penetration value by default,
but can instead be based on the reduction value.

Joints color associated with maximum penetration value

The Joints window presents the main statistics and diameter computations for the identified joints. It is possible
to sort by ascending/descending value on any column. The Reduction and Penetration columns show the same
color coding as the Joints track. Also, when the minimum ID falls below Drift ID, the ID min cell is colored in
light red.

The Joints table allows graphically navigating the bodies when Show one mode is active (see image below). If
the cross-section window is visible, then its depth will automatically move to the selected body max penetration
depth. If the 3D display window is opened, this will show the selected joint.

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 Joints table

Reporting
The checkboxes next to the statistics in the Diagnostics section allow automatically generating Cross-sections
at the same depth where the statistic is reported.

The snapshot option flags the selected bodies as depth ranges over which snapshots can be created in
Emeraude. Once leaving the Explore option, the Special ribbon MFC tool strip has a dedicate option to create
the corresponding snapshots (the display can be organized as suited before). These snapshots are then
available for report in the Emeraude sample Word report.

Similarly, ticking the 3D check box selects the corresponding Joint in order to create a 3D image. This image
can then be saved from the 3D display window to be used elsewhere.

Joints navigation

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2.4. MFC in Reader Mode
If the user who receives an MFC interpretation in Emeraude does not have a valid license, it is still possible to
install Emeraude and use it in Reader mode, to display the data.
Reader mode allows opening files, display, print and export results. The access to the Explore is enabled, even
though the editing and processing options are disabled. This allows the user to see the logs, cross-sections
and 3D images.

3. Array curves

3.1. Load
Advanced options to pre-process Array data have been implemented to allow the reduction of traces available
by (1) Averaging a number of (N) traces before loading the array, or (2) keeping only one trace every N trace.

Advanced load option for Array data

3.2. Edit
Part of the array edit options are available in the Emeraude main ribbon, when others are available in the
Explore ribbon. For the latter, all options available in the ribbon are also available in the image track popup
menu (right click), and some are only available in the popup menu.

New Emeraude edit options in Edit/QAQC ribbon - Generic array edit options in Explore ribbon

Note that some edit operations are not reversible. In this case, if the original data must be preserved, Emeraude
browser offers a copy option on arrays (right click on the array node).

Delete parts on depth ranges

Option available only in Explore. It cannot be reverted but cancelling the Explore dialog will lose any changes.

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Depth shift
Available in the Edit/QAQC tab, Explore and Properties… option (last two options available upon right click on
an array image track). It has the same functionality as for passes and applies to all data related to the array (i.e.
image, extracted traces, MFC statistics, etc…). It can be reverted.

a&b
Option available only in Explore and it can be reverted. Three different modes are available:
 Manual: allows the definition of a&b for any trace individually. It uses a color code to easily identify
modified ones.
 Interactive: select traces interactively and set a single value to the selected ones.
 Automatic: select traces interactively and set a=1 and compute b for each selected trace, so that each will
match a point at a given depth of a reference trace (e.g. to correct for possible instability of DTS traces
from one time to next, due to poor calibration).

Filter
Option available only in Explore. It cannot be reverted, but cancelling the Explore dialog will lose any changes.
Same processing is offered as for pass data, with a preview of the result after some traces have been selected.
Note that traces can also be selected graphically (right click in image track + Select logs + click and drag), in
addition to picking some fingers (right click in image track + Show values at…) or using the usual Add option.

Derivate
Option available only in Explore. Compute Derivative of the array. An array image is automatically created, and
also a track showing the logs for the extracted traces.

Reference (Difference with…)

Option available only in Explore. Compute difference with reference trace (the one selected in the Log sample
when the option is called). An array image is automatically created, and also a track showing the logs for the
extracted traces.
Previous (Difference with…)
Option available only in Explore. Compute difference with previous trace. An array image is automatically
created, and also a track showing the logs for the extracted traces.
Depth stretch
It can be done either By Zone (as in previous Emeraude versions) or by using the Multipoints correlation option.
The latter works as for log data from passes and the procedure is explained next.

Note that for array data, Multipoints correlation applies on traces extracted (copied via Explore) to Emeraude
first. It is only when the stretch operation is validated that the image is updated.

Both By Zone and Multiple correlation options can be defined manually, via the Properties option. Undo is
connected, and when the option is called again on the same data, the existing edited ranges are shown.

3.3. Display
Gaps
By default, the array image is displayed by interpolating between traces, assuming there is no gap in the data.
However, should there be some need, this option can be unchecked by a right click in the image track (in
Explore or Emeraude depth plot). The default option can be changed in the Application settings. The gap is
automatically identified by a change of sampling in the trace index values (with a given % allowance). Note

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that this does not apply to Multifinger caliper data, for which the sample index is the finger index, evenly
distributed.

Displaying an array data with missing traces (gaps)

Rendering
The default option is to use an interpolated color rendering between consecutive depths of the same trace,
and between consecutive traces evenly sampled (outside gaps). For multifinger calipers, this option is not
activated by default (Rendering = Variable), in order to adapt to the resolution (i.e. sampling) of the
measurement. This option can be unchecked by right clicking on the image track (in Explore or Emeraude
depth plot).

Interpolated vs Variable rendering (the latter is MFC default)

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3.4. Explore settings
The Settings option in Explore ribbon offers display and movie
options:
 The video frame rate factor (speed) can be changed in display
settings.
 The logs extracted in Explore can be associated with a color scale
(in Explore display settings). The colors are then used in Emeraude
if the traces are copied/extracted.
 The maximum number of traces displayed in Logs track can be
changed (default is 100).
 The reconstructed vs. depth Noise arrays from stations can be
Explore settings
displayed at station depth, extended or interpolated.
 When two or more arrays are displayed in the Explore, the
‘Measurements at depth’ plot will show data of all the visible
arrays, if the ‘Show additional array data’ option is ticked.

The Show option allows adding or removing tracks for the Explore display. Note that tracks can also be
removed by drag&drop of the track header, as in Emeraude depth plot.

4. Log data editing

Survey depth stretch

A stretch factor calculator is available in Depth scale option (applies to
all the logs in a Survey), and operates based on a fixed point, end point
and end point target position (right).
Filter
A larger window has been set by default and if the size or the position
of the window is modified, it will be kept between successive calls in
the same Emeraude session. Additionally, an apply button has been
added to Compute dialog to easily test different filter sizes.

Interactive stretch with multipoint correlation

The option is available in the Edit/QAQC ribbon, Stretch button, when Multipoints correlation is selected.
Multiple points are picked one after the other on a curve, whether it belongs to a pass or it was extracted from
an array. The first point acts like an anchor (nothing above will change) and the other pairs act as the starting
and ending points of the range(s) to stretch.

If the Multipoints correlation mode is active, points can be moved, added or removed. The resulting channel is
displayed accordingly on top of the original channel.

Zone stretch and Multipoints correlation options are exclusive. Both can be manually defined via the Properties
option on passes (or array data), and Undo is connected. When the option is called again on the same data,
the existing edited ranges are shown.

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 Manual stretch (by zone or multipoint)

Computing an Average
It is now possible to compute an average of multiple channels of the same type (e.g. temperature traces
extracted from a DTS at different times), by selecting Any data of the same type in the Average window. This
can be performed in the Data store or in the Interpretation reference channel dialog.

Integral Calculation
It is possible to integrate any log vs. depth or time. For vs. depth data, the operation is by default performed
in MD. However, it is also possible to do it in TVD.

Zones in Mathpack and DLL calculations

Any defined zone (i.e. Calibration zone, Perforations, etc.) or custom zone, can be used as an argument of
Mathpack or DLL calculations. This will have a value of 1 inside the zone, or 0 outside.
The API for User Dlls has been modified to account for the new data types introduced (Slowness, Attenuation,
etc.).

5. Interpretation

Steam injection interpretation

The Steam injection workflow has been
extended to account for surface constraints.

Thermal conditions can be computed from

surface to reservoir top depth using Heat Loss
Coefficient and Geothermal gradient, by
means of the Energy model.

The injection conditions are the mandatory

input: Injection Pressure, Injection rate and
injection quality fraction (Fq). Then Emeraude
computes Fq over the complete log range:
from data on the logged interval, and from the
thermal calculations above the reservoir.
Surface constraints for steam injection interpretation

Spinners
 Apply button is available in the apparent velocity dialog to generate Vapp logs. The window will stay
opened, allowing the regeneration of Vapp if necessary.

Emeraude v5.40 - Doc v5.40.01 © KAPPA 1988-2021 Emeraude v5.40 Update Notes - 12/24
 Each spinner calibration zone can be named using the Edit zones dialog. These names will be shown if the
zone in the track is big enough. Additionally, these names are available in All Results table of the Calibration
option.

Apply in Generate Vapp option (left) – Enter spinner calibration zone names (right)

6. Display

6.1. Custom zones

The Special ribbon offers the ability to create Custom Zones. First, define
a Custom Zones set (for instance XPZ-A) which will contain several
custom zones (XPZ-A0, XPZ-A1, etc..). This is analogous to Perforations
(the set) which contains Perforation zones. A Custom Zones set can be
created from an existing set of zones (Perforations, Reservoir, etc…).
Then for a given set, it is possible to add or remove zones as usual (interactively or manually).

Custom Zones are displayed in a dedicated track, can be used as markers and define ranges on which data are
picked for Cross-Plot and Histograms (see next).

6.2. Cross-plots
The cross-plots option is available by clicking on X-Plots in the Special tab. Any number of plots can be
created, combining:
 Any depth channels from one or multiple custom zones within the same set.
 Any time channels, using data over the time range of the selected station (no zones definition).
Once created, a node will appear in the browser, with all channels as child nodes:

Cross-plot and associated channel nodes in browser

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Channels can be created using based on 2 to 4 different logs: one for X, one for Y, and optionally one
for Point Color and one for Point Size (will vary within range [1-15] max, see below):
 For ease of selection of the components of a given channel, Apply binding to all unbound allows selecting
automatically the relevant logs in the same container for other components of the channel not already
associated with a log. For instance, Pass D1 for Y, Color and Size after selecting D1 for X.
 Multiple channels can be created one after the other without leaving the channel definition window, by
only changing one or several bindings and selecting Apply.
 If all selected logs belong to the same container (pass, station…) in first place, then Repeat is available to
create the same channels based on the content of other containers (like in the Math Pack option).

Cross-plot channels definition window

Once created, channels can be deleted using , or their aspect changed using .

[Left] Zones and Custom Zones tracks. Two Custom Zones set exist, identical to Reservoir zones
and Perforations. [Right] Cross-plot with 3 channels (X=T, Y=P, Color=GR, Size=FLOW),
data from second zone. Two lines fit pass D4 channel. Bottom and Left histograms show
respectively T and P data distribution for the 3 channels (passes D4, U2, U4).

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For each channel, the data points either belong to one or several zones of a Custom Zones set. In first case, it
is possible to change the active zone and the plot updates accordingly (as in the Spinner Calibration). In the
second case, the Multiple Zones option is checked, and allows selecting some zones in the active Custom Zones
set.

Lines can be defined on channels, whether the channels span over one or multiple zones. They are first created
interactively, by making a line fit on points of the selected channel(s) over a user defined range (XY rectangle,
X range, Y range or Lasso selection): as stated, the line can fit points from one or several channels. Once a line
exists, slope and / or intercept can be manually edited, recomputing the other if required (right click on the
slope or intercept cell in the results grid). Lines aspect can be changed as channels aspect.

As shown in the previous screenshot, histograms can be displayed for X (below the plot) and Y (left of plot).
Hovering the mouse on the bins shows channel name, number of points, mean and median values.

For ease of access, all Zoom options have been gathered into a toolbar to the right side of the plot (still
available by right click). Note that this toolbar is also available for other plots like Spinner Calibration or SIP
plots.

Cross-plots can be printed in the report, one plot per page, with legend and line results. It is possible to select
which plot is added to the report.

Templates can be captured and invoked.

6.3. Histogram plots

Creating Histogram-plots is available by clicking on in the Special tab. As for Cross-plots, any number of
plots can be created, displaying data for one or several Custom Zones if the selected logs are vs depth, or
entire stations if vs time:
 One or several channels can be created (all with the same data type), and Repeat option is available.
 The number of bins can be specified: the mean, median and number of points for each bar is available.
 Bars orientation can be changed (vertical or horizontal).
 If several channels are displayed, the bars can be stacked or stacked one relative to the others (percentage).
 If Multiple zones option is activated, then data of the different zones can be compared or merged (added)
for each channel.
 Templates can be captured and invoked.

As for Cross-plots, Histogram plot nodes will appear in the browser, and will be available for the report.

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 GR histogram (left) – Histogram plot and child nodes in browser (right)

6.4. Other options

 Filled areas can now be created in automatic tracks. Additionally, a new functionality to include
transparency/opacity has been implemented.

Transparency available for filled areas

 A well view can be created/edited by specifying what deviation channel to be used (from the General Well
Data, any pass or the Data Store).
 The depth plot zoom toolbar now offers Set Default and Reset Default.

Set Default and Reset Default depth scale range

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7. MPT

7.1. Cross-section
 The dialog has been improved allowing the depth synchronization among different cross-sections (image
views for MPT), whatever the tool’s data they are displaying.

Synchronized cross-section windows and cross-section track

 A new Cross-section view for MPT has been implemented for circular and FSI tools. The number of sections
adapts to the track width (the narrower, the larger the number of cross-sections along the visible depth
interval). By default, the track will show cross-sections created with Areal average. A dedicated type of view
template is available. All vendors template files distributed with Emeraude have been updated accordingly,
now integrating predefined cross-section track templates adapted to the vendor’s tools. New template
files are named after the Emeraude version to avoid confusion with older files ([…]_5.30.01.kvt) and are
located as usual in C:\ProgramData\KAPPA\Emeraude5.

7.2. MPT Processing

Velocity and holdup mapping models and parameters are now specified independently, allowing for various
combinations considering the increasing number of models available.

 The MPT mapping options now include a 2-D

interpolation model, based on Kriging and linear
triangulation interpolation algorithms. This model
does not assume local (horizontal) stratification, as
done by the other models.
When including central measurements (conventional
tools), these are matched by the model using the
average over the focused area.
 The shape of the velocity 2-D mapping near the pipe wall is controlled by the Prandtl exponent and no-
slip condition at the pipe wall.

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 In the cross section of 2-D interpolated data, it is possible to display the points and model following
projection angles other than the vertical (which is the case for conventional linear or polynomial fitting).
The angular position is entered from the cross-section dialog (-55 deg in the image below):

 When changing the cross-section depth by means of SHIFT+mouse move on top of the image view, a
coarse triangulation is shown in the cross-section while moving, and the refined triangulation is shown
when the mouse button is released.
 A non-linear holdup mapping model (velocity dependent) has been implemented through an external
DLL (nlhfv.dll). This model was proposed by Baker Hughes (Refining Interpretation Models of Multiphase
Flow for Existing and Next-Generation Production Logging Sensors, Petrophysics, Vol. 59, NO. 4, August
2018).

7.3. FAST tool

Tools definition
In Application Settings/Multiple probe tools, the different MPTs are ordered by measurement type. One
category may include the same measurement but from various sensors (i.e. FAST Water holdup includes optical
and electrical sensors positioned in conventional, slim and v4 tool configurations).

MRIO (majority refractive index), MCDE (majority conductivity), BCO (bubble counts optical), BCE (bubble
counts electrical) tools have been added:
 Dedicated color scales are available for MRIO and MCDE tools.
 All standard OpenField mnemonics are now built-in in Emeraude: multiple mnemonics appear under the
‘Other’ category (especially raw optical, electrical and Doppler measurements).

Tools data display

The FAST Templates file has been enriched accordingly, including LQC with HU/HD, Image views and Cross-
section Views. When invoking a template:
 If a phase is not present (holdup=0) the corresponding image and cross-section views are not created.
 If the tool of interest is majority cond (MRIO or MCDE) or water holdup (WHO or WHE), the user should
ensure that the corresponding template will use the relevant tool, as by default the first one of a given
type will be used (alphabetical order).

Emeraude v5.40 - Doc v5.40.01 © KAPPA 1988-2021 Emeraude v5.40 Update Notes - 18/24
 LQC layout for FAST optical probes
Holdups calculation
Holdup computation from optical and electrical raw measurement was implemented based on OpenField
publication (Efficiency Improvements in Production Profiling Using Ultracompact Flow Array Sensing Technology
Petrophysics, Vol. 59, NO. 4, August 2018).

The computation uses the majority values of refractive index and conductivity (for optical and electrical probes
respectively), plus thresholds for the transitions between different phases.

The thresholds for the holdup computation may be based on:

 Emeraude default (built-in) thresholds for
Optical probes (Oil= 3000 and Gas = 15000)
and Electrical probes (Water = 1054).
 The thresholds can be imported from LAS .v3
files. Likewise, the thresholds used in
Emeraude for holdup computations (default
or modified), can be exported to LAS files.
 Thresholds can be defined/edited
interactively from the LQC tracks: these can
be moved horizontally based on the
maximum and minimum curves.
 In certain fluid combinations, the user may need to constraint the holdup calculations by forcing the
absence of one fluid. These constraints can be defined as a function of depth.

Apart from the interactive option, holdups can be computed from the Tool information window. A window
showing the thresholds for each probe will popup when computing the Optical or Electrical holdups.

Emeraude v5.40 - Doc v5.40.01 © KAPPA 1988-2021 Emeraude v5.40 Update Notes - 19/24
7.4. Other MPT additions and improvements
 The Settings / Multiple probe tools window layout has been
revised, including a larger space for the tool list and more
compact view of the tool geometry and probe mnemonics
(right).
 New templates are available for Spinner velocity image view
(FAST, PAI, AFV tools).
 PAI tool default image view orientation is now Bottom.
 Tools ordered in lists where they appear (Survey – Tool, MTP
process, invoke template…).

8. Noise Logging Processing

Since Emeraude 5.20 it was possible to load versus depth Noise logs and treat them as Array data. However,
actual Noise logging jobs consist on a large number of stationary measurements with passes in between. From
Emeraude 5.40.01 onwards it is possible to obtain the final versus depth spectrogram starting from a single
time-driven file for the whole job, containing all the recorded stations and passes.

8.1. Load
The ‘Load stations’ button allows loading time-driven files (.csv, LAS or DLIS) with stations and passes. A droplist
is used to select Noise as data type. The spectral noise data (dB for each frequency band) will be detected
based on a root mnemonic and treated as array. Frequency cut-offs and any other logs will be treated as
conventional versus time data.

NOISE data loading

Emeraude v5.40 - Doc v5.40.01 © KAPPA 1988-2021 Emeraude v5.40 Update Notes - 20/24
Vs. depth Noise logs are loaded from Load, where it is possible to select Noise from the droplist.

Specific nodes for vs Depth and vs time Noise data are

available in the Browser. Each sub-node is based on
the array data name, and will contain any logs,
frequency extraction or computed channel associated
with the array.

Optionally, if the measured depths have been loaded

with the vs Time data, all vs Time logs can be displayed
vs Depth (in depth order).

Note that it is possible to load the spectral noise data vs. time and the depth/cable speed vs. time from different
files and later synchronize these from the Noise Explore.

8.2. Processing
Upon loading Noise data from the ‘Load stations’ dialog, Emeraude launches automatically the Noise
processing window. The Noise array is displayed horizontally versus time. From this window, it is possible to
apply filters and a&b operations if necessary.

NOISE Explore (versus time)

A dedicated Stations track displays the stationary reading periods, automatically identified by Emeraude based
on a zero-cable speed, with lack of depth change. The stations can be interactively modified or deleted.

Emeraude v5.40 - Doc v5.40.01 © KAPPA 1988-2021 Emeraude v5.40 Update Notes - 21/24
Specific Noise options are available from the ribbon. From here it is possible to:
 Create: Interactively defines new stations.
 Stations: Gives access to a table showing the duration and position of the stations, from where it is
possible to add, edit or delete any field.
 Vs. Depth: Offers different
settings to create the vs. depth
Noise array from stationary data.
The user can select between an
instantaneous value (At time) or a
statistic for certain time range
(Time range median/average). It is
possible to limit the time range of
each station so any road noise at
the beginning or end of the
stationary period is avoided.

The Normalized Energy is automatically calculated and can be displayed from the Show button. The energy of
a spectrum is the sum of the squared components, and this is normalized by dividing by the maximum energy
measured in the log.

8.3. Vs. depth display

After processing vs. time data or directly after loading
vs. depth Noise data, the array will be displayed vs.
depth, together with the other loaded logs
(reconstructed in case of vs. time data). It is possible
to apply further editing, extract frequencies or modify
the display of the Noise array from the Explore.
The Noise array can be displayed at the stations depth
with gaps in between (image on the right),
interpolated or extended.
Once the user enters the frequency of each bin of the
spectrum, the ‘Spectrum centroid’ is automatically
calculated and displayed, reflecting the pitch of the
sound.

9. Cement Evaluation

9.1. Load
Cement data is typically loaded from DLIS files, in order for the data to be both array and conventional logs.
The most common cement mnemonics have been included in the Emeraude built-in list, and specific
measurement types (impedance, attenuation, slowness) have been added.

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9.2. Display
To facilitate the display of the most common cement logging tools, a ‘Well Integrity_5.40.01.kvt’ template file
has been added. This includes logs and array data. For the latter, new color scales and associations were added,
in order for Emeraude to display the arrays in the appropriate color map upon loading.

USIT display template

9.3. Calculations
A number of users DDLs were implemented in order to extract quantitative information from different
measurements:
 Bond Index: Calculates the BI based on a CBL log and user inputs for free and bonded pipe
 Attenuation: Calculates the Attenuation based on a CBL log and user inputs for amplitude of the
emitted signal and distance from transmitter to receiver
 Three/Five Cement Flags: Creates 3/5 flags (Good, Acceptable, Poor, Bad cement, Free pipe) based on
CBL amplitude or Impedance values, entered by the user
 Overall Isolation: From visual inspection of the logs, the user can add custom zones for formation
arrivals and channeling. These will be used as flags. When combined with the 3 or 5 Cement Flags from
CBL or Impedance, it will then create the ‘Overall Isolation’ evaluation flags (Pass all, Partial pass, Fail).
The 3/5 Cement Flags and Overall Isolation flags can be conveniently displayed in predefined user views
available in the Well Integrity template file.

Emeraude v5.40 - Doc v5.40.01 © KAPPA 1988-2021 Emeraude v5.40 Update Notes - 23/24
10. Other additions and improvements

10.1. Lock Document

A ‘Lock document’ option can be accessed from the File tab or
the Quick access toolbar.

Once locked, the Save button will be disabled, but is still

possible to Save As with a different name. Also once the file is
locked, by clicking on , a window will pop-up showing the
Document Unique Identifier (GUID). So even if the name of the
file is changed by renaming the icon, the GUID will be different.

10.2. Emeraude sample Word report

 A new EMERAUDE tab on the Emeraude sample Word report is available:

 The plots are now treated as images (static objects), with the same scale and zoom as seen in Emeraude
 The Cross-section button allows importing MPT and MFC cross-sections saved during the
interpretation, as well as MFC 3D images.
 The MFC icon allows importing Joints table, pipe and penetration summary, histogram and table.

[End of document]

Emeraude v5.40 - Doc v5.40.01 © KAPPA 1988-2021 Emeraude v5.40 Update Notes - 24/24