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Lecture 29

This document provides an overview of lecture 29 which covers finite element methods (FEM) for 1D rod elements, plane stress elements, and 3D elements. It includes examples of applying FEM to solve mechanics problems involving beams under different loading conditions. The examples demonstrate building the stiffness matrix, applying boundary conditions, and recovering stresses and displacements.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

39 views26 pages

Lecture 29

Uploaded by

benjaminhasecic989

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Fall, 2022

ME 323 – Mechanics of Materials

Lecture 29 – Introduction to
finite elements methods (cont.)
Reading assignment: Ch.17 lecturebook

Instructor: Prof. Marcial Gonzalez

Last modified: 11/3/22 10:55:55 PM
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 55 (review):

Number of nodes: 4

Number of elements: 3

Boundary conditions:

Stiffness of each element:

2
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 55, solved in 5 steps
+ Step #1: Identify the degrees of freedom Number of nodes: 4
Number of elements: 3

+ Step #2: Build the global stiffness matrix

3
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 55, solved in 5 steps
+ Step #3: Enforce boundary conditions Number of nodes: 4
Number of elements: 3

+ Step #4: Solve the reduced system of linear equations

4
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 55, solved in 5 steps
+ Step #5: Recover the reaction at the supports

5
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 56, using MATLAB (from last lecture):
clear
% set number of elements
N=3;
%define elemental properties
EA=[1/4;1;9/4];
L=[1;1;1];
%set up forcing vector
F=[0;2;1;0];
%define boundary conditions
BC=[1;0;0;1];

Output:

Nodal displacement
0 2.4490 1.0612 0

Nodal force
-0.6122 2.0000 1.0000 -2.3878
6
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 56: (5 nodes)
clear
% set number of elements
N=4;
%define elemental properties
EA=[(1+1)/2;(1+1)/2;(1+1.5)/2;(1.5+2)/2];
L =[0.5 ;0.5 ;0.5 ;0.5 ];
%set up forcing vector
F =[1;0;0;0;0];
%define boundary conditions
BC=[0;0;0;0;1];

Nodal displacement
1.6857 1.1857 0.6857 0.2857 0
Nodal force
1.0000 0 0.0000 -0.0000 -1.0000 Number of nodes: 5
Stiffness matrix Number of elements: 4
2.0000 -2.0000 0 0 0
-2.0000 4.0000 -2.0000 0 0
0 -2.0000 4.5000 -2.5000 0
0 0 -2.5000 6.0000 -3.5000
0 0 0 -3.5000 3.5000 7
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 56: (6 nodes)
clear
% set number of elements
N=5;
%define elemental properties
EA=[1 ;1 ;(1+4/3)/2;(4/3+5/3)/2;(5/3+2)/2];
L =[0.5 ;0.5 ;1/3 ;1/3 ;1/3 ];
%set up forcing vector
F =[1;0;0;0;0;0];
%define boundary conditions
BC=[0;0;0;0;0;1];

Nodal displacement
1.6898 1.1898 0.6898 0.4040 0.1818 0
Nodal force
1.0000 -0.0000 0 -0.0000 0.0000 -1.0000 Number of nodes: 6
Stiffness matrix Number of elements: 5
2.0000 -2.0000 0 0 0 0
-2.0000 4.0000 -2.0000 0 0 0
0 -2.0000 5.5000 -3.5000 0 0
0 0 -3.5000 8.0000 -4.5000 0
0 0 0 -4.5000 10.0000 -5.5000 8
0 0 0 0 -5.5000 5.5000
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 56: (3 to N nodes)
Num Elements | Displ. Node 1
3.0000 1.6667
4.0000 1.6857
5.0000 1.6898
6.0000 1.6912
7.0000 1.6919
8.0000 1.6923
9.0000 1.6925
10.0000 1.6927 Relative error in the solution
11.0000 1.6928
12.0000 1.6928
13.0000 1.6929
14.0000 1.6929
15.0000 1.6930
16.0000 1.6930
17.0000 1.6930
18.0000 1.6930
Slope of 2
19.0000 1.6930 (quadratic convergence!)
20.0000 1.6931
21.0000 1.6931
22.0000 1.6931 9
23.0000 1.6931 Number of elements
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 57: (5 nodes)
clear
% set number of elements
N=4;
%define elemental properties (A=pi*D^2/4)
EA=pi/4*[4.00^2;5.20^2;5.00^2;(5.00^2+3.00^2)/2]; 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
L =[5.00;1.00;1.00;10.00];
%set up forcing vector
F =[1; 0; 0; 0; -3];
%define boundary conditions
BC=[0; 1; 0; 0; 0];

Nodal displacement
0.3979 0 -0.1413 -0.2941 -2.5409
Nodal force
1.0000 2.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 -3.0000
Stiffness matrix
2.5133 -2.5133 0 0 0
-2.5133 23.7504 -21.2372 0 0
0 -21.2372 40.8721 -19.6350 0
0 0 -19.6350 20.9701 -1.3352
0 0 0 -1.3352 1.3352 10
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 57: (6 nodes)
clear
% set number of elements
N=5;
%define elemental properties (A=pi*D^2/4)
EA=pi/4*[4^2;5.2^2;5^2;(5^2+4^2)/2;(4^2+3^2)/2]; 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
L =[5.00;1.00;1.00;5.00;5.00];
%set up forcing vector
F =[1; 0; 0; 0; 0; -3];
%define boundary conditions
BC=[0; 1; 0; 0; 0; 0];

Nodal displacement
0.3979 0 -0.1413 -0.2941 -1.2257 -2.7536
Nodal force
1.0000 2.0000 0 0 -0.0000 -3.0000
Stiffness matrix
2.5133 -2.5133 0 0 0 0
-2.5133 23.7504 -21.2372 0 0 0
0 -21.2372 40.8721 -19.6350 0 0
0 0 -19.6350 22.8551 -3.2201 0
0 0 0 -3.2201 5.1836 -1.9635 11
0 0 0 0 -1.9635 1.9635
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)

Finite element methods – One-dimensional rod elements

- Example 58:

Answer:

12
Introduction to finite element methods (FEM)