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SQL Word

The document provides examples and explanations of common SQL statements and operators including SELECT, DISTINCT, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT, BETWEEN, IN, and LIKE. Some key points covered include: - SELECT is used to retrieve columns from a table - DISTINCT returns only unique/distinct values from a column - WHERE allows filtering rows by specifying column conditions - ORDER BY sorts the rows returned based on a column value - LIMIT restricts the number of rows returned - BETWEEN matches values within a range - IN checks if a value matches one of many possibilities - LIKE performs pattern matching on string values using wildcard characters

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diekola ridwan
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21 views

SQL Word

The document provides examples and explanations of common SQL statements and operators including SELECT, DISTINCT, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT, BETWEEN, IN, and LIKE. Some key points covered include: - SELECT is used to retrieve columns from a table - DISTINCT returns only unique/distinct values from a column - WHERE allows filtering rows by specifying column conditions - ORDER BY sorts the rows returned based on a column value - LIMIT restricts the number of rows returned - BETWEEN matches values within a range - IN checks if a value matches one of many possibilities - LIKE performs pattern matching on string values using wildcard characters

Uploaded by

diekola ridwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Challenges on SELECT

1. Use a SELECT statement to grab the first and last name of


every customer and their email address.

DISTINCT
Sometimes atable contains a column that has duplicate values,
and you may find yourself in a situtaion where you only want to
list the unique/distinct value.

The DISTINCT keyword can be used to return only the distict


values in a column.

SELECT DISTICT column_name FROM table

e.g

SELECT DISTINCT release_year FROM film;

SELECT DISTINCT(release_year) FROM film;


Note: You can use parentheses or not

SELECT DISTINCT return_price FROM film;

Challenges on DISTINCT

2. An Australian visitor isn't familiar with MPAA movie ratings


(e.g PG, PG-13, R etc..)

We want to know the type of ratings we have in our database.

What ratings do we have available?

SOLUtion

SELECT DISTINCT rating FROM film;

PROBLEM 3

3. Count the distinct amount paid by customer


SOLUTION

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT amount) FROM payment;

or

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(amount)) FROM payment;

SELECT and WHERE are the most fundamental SQL states and
you will find yourself using them often!

The WHERE statement allows us to specify condition on column


for the row to be return.

Basic Sntax example:

SELECT colum1, columns2


FROM table
WHERE conditions;
Comparison Operators

Compare a column value to something

is the price greater than $3.50


is the pet's name equal to "bingo"

LIst of Comparison Operators

=
>
<
>=
<=
<> or !=

Logical Operators

Allow us to combine multiple comparison operators


List of Logical Operators are

AND
OR
NOT

EXAMPLE

SELECT name,choice FROM table


WHERE name = 'David'

SELECT name,choice FROM table


WHERE name = 'David' AND choice = 'Red'

SELECT * FROM customer


WHERE firs_name ='Jared'

SELECT * FROM film


WHERE rental_rate > 4 AND replace_cost >= 19.99
AND rating = 'R'

SELECT title FROM film


WHERE rental_rate > 4 AND replace_cost >= 19.99
AND rating = 'R'

SELECT COUNT(title) FROM film


WHERE rental_rate > 4 AND replace_cost >= 19.99
AND rating = 'R'

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM film


WHERE rental_rate > 4 AND replace_cost >= 19.99
AND rating = 'R'

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM film


WHERE rating = 'R' OR rating ='PG-13'

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM film


WHERE rating != 'R' OR rating !='PG-13'
Challenges on WHERE, Comparison Operator

A customer forgot their wallet at our store! We need to track


down their email to inform them.

What is the email for the customer with the name Nancy
Thomas?

SOLUTION

SELECT email FROM customer


WHERE first_name = 'Nancy'
AND last_name = 'Thomas'

Challenges 2

A customer wants to know what the movie 'OUtlaw Hanky' is


about.
Could you give them the description for the movie 'OUtlaw
Hanky'

SOLUTION

SELECT description FROM film


WHERE title = 'Outlaw Hanky'

Challenge 3

A customer is late on their movie return, and we've mailed


them a letter to their address at '259 Ipoh Drive' we should also
call them on the phone to let them know.

Can you get the phone number for the customer who lives at
'259 Ipoh Drive' ?

SOLUTION

SELECT phone FROM address


WHERE address = '259 Ipoh Drive';
ORDER BY

You can use ORDER BY to sort rows based on a column value, in


either ascending or descending order.

Basic syntax

SELECT column_1, column_2


FROM table
ORDER BY column_1 ASC or DESC

Example

SELECT * FROM customer


ORDER BY first_name DESC;

Better way to get querry sorted is


SELECT stotre_id, first_name, last_name
FROM customer
ORDER BY store_id

SELECT stotre_id, first_name, last_name


FROM customer
ORDER BY store_id DESC, first_name ASC

if we run this without outputing the stote_id, it will still work

LIMIT

The LIMIT commmand allows us to limit the number of row


quered.
It's useful for not wanting to return every single row in a table,
but only view the top few rows to get the idea layout of the
table

LIMIT also become useful in combination with ORDER BY


EXAMPLE

what is the most 5 recent payment by customer and which


cuctomer_id make the payment?

SELECT * FROM payment


ORDER BY payment_date DESC
LIMIT 5;

SELECT * FROM payment


WHERE amount <= 5.00
ORDER BY payment_date DESC
LIMIT 5;

Challenge Task

We want to reward our first 10 paying customers.


What are the customer ids of the first 10 cuustomers who make
payment?
SOLUTION

SELECT customer_id FROM payment


ORDER BY payment_date ASC
LIMIT 10;

BETWEEN

The BETWEEN operator can be used to match a value against a


range of values:

value BETWEEN low AND high

The BETWEEN operator can also be used with dtaes. Note that
you need to format dates in the ISO 8601 standard format,
which is YYYY-MM-DD

date BETWEEN '2020-04-23' AND '2020-08-23'

EXAMPLE
SELECT * FROM payment
WHERE amount BETWEEN 8 AND 9:

to know total number of transaction of that range we use


COUNT

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM payment


WHERE amount BETWEEN 8 AND 9:

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM payment


WHERE amount NOT BETWEEN 8 AND 9:

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM payment


WHERE payment_datee BETWEEN '2007-02-01' AND '2007-02-
15':

If we do this nothing get return cause no payment between that


range

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM payment


WHERE payment_datee BETWEEN '2007-02-01' AND '2007-02-
14':

IN

In certain Cases you want to check for multiple possible value


options, for example, if a user name show up IN a list of known
names.

We can use IN Operation to create a condition that check to see


if a value is included in a list of multiple options.

Query Example

SELECT color FROM table


WHERE color IN ('red','blue')

SELECT * FROM payment


WHERE amount IN (0.99,1.98,1.99)
SELECT * FROM customer
WHERE first_name IN ('John', 'Jake', 'Julie')

We've already been able to perform direct comparisons against


strings, such as:
WHERE first_name = 'John'

But what if we want to match against a general pattern in a


string?

All email ending with '@gmail.com'


All name that begin with an 'A'

THe LIKE opeartor allows us to perform pattern matching


against string data with the use of wildcard characters

Percent %
Matches any sequence of characters

Underscore _
Matches any single character

All names that begin with an 'A'


WHERE name LIKE 'A%'

All names that end with an 'a'


WHERE name LIKE '%a'

Using the underscore allow us to replace just a single character

Get all Mission Impossible films


WHERE title LIKE 'Mission Impossible _' or
'Mission Impossible _ _'

Note LIKE is case-sensitive, we can use ILIKE which is not case


sensitive

Example
SELECT * FROM customer
WHERE first_name LIKE 'J%' AND last_name LIKE 'S%'

SELECT * FROM customer


WHERE first_name LIKE 'J%' AND last_name ILIKE 's%'

SELECT * FROM customer


WHERE first_name LIKE '%Ja%'

SELECT * FROM customer


WHERE first_name LIKE '%_her%'

SELECT * FROM customer


WHERE first_name LIKE 'A%'
ORDER BY last_name

SELECT * FROM customer


WHERE first_name LIKE 'A%' AND last_name NOT LIKE 'B%'
ORDER BY last_name
CHallenge

1 How may payment transactions were greater than &5.00?

SELECT COUNT(amount) FROM payment


WHERE amount > 5;

2 How many actors have a first name that start with the letter
P?

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM actor


WHERE first_name LIKE 'P%'

3 How many unique district are our customer from?

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(district))
FROM address;

4 Retrieve the list of name for those distinct district from the
previous question.
SELECT DISTINCT(district)
FROM address;

5 Homany films have a rating of R and a replacement cost


between 5 and 15?

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM film


WHERE rating = 'R'
AND replacement_cost BETWEEN 5 AND 15;

6 How many films have the word Truman somewhere in the


title

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM film


WHERE title LIKE '%Truman%'

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