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NumPy Intro

NumPy is a Python library used for working with multi-dimensional arrays and matrices for mathematical, scientific, and engineering applications. It allows operations on arrays such as mathematical, logical, shape manipulation, Fourier transforms, and linear algebra operations. NumPy can be used to represent multi-dimensional data, generate random numbers, and perform operations such as indexing, slicing, arithmetic, statistical, and linear algebra calculations on arrays.

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38 views

NumPy Intro

NumPy is a Python library used for working with multi-dimensional arrays and matrices for mathematical, scientific, and engineering applications. It allows operations on arrays such as mathematical, logical, shape manipulation, Fourier transforms, and linear algebra operations. NumPy can be used to represent multi-dimensional data, generate random numbers, and perform operations such as indexing, slicing, arithmetic, statistical, and linear algebra calculations on arrays.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: info@datahill.

in

NumPy:
NumPy is an open source library available in Python that used in
mathematical, statistical operations, scientific, engineering, and data
science programming.

Operations using NumPy:


-----------------------
Mathematical and logical operations on arrays.
Fourier transforms and routines for shape manipulation.
Operations related to linear algebra. NumPy has in-built functions for
linear algebra and random number generation.

How to Install & import NumPy:


pip install numpy
import numpy as np
# To check your installed version of Numpy
print (np.__version__)

Python Numpy Array:


===================
NumPy arrays are a bit like Python lists, but still very much different at
the same time.

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

a = [10,20,30,40]
print(a)
# np.array() is used to convert python list to a numpy array
b = np.array(a)
print(b)

a = np.array([10,20,30,40)
print(a)

# We can perform mathematical operations like additions, subtraction,


division and multiplication on an array.
a+10

print(a.shape) # Shape of Array


print(a.dtype) # internal data type

b = np.array([10.5,20.2,30.6])
print(b.dtype)

a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5], ndmin = 2)
print(a)

a = np.array([1,2,3], dtype = complex)

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

print(a)

# 2 dim array
c = np.array([(1,2,3),
(4,5,6)])
print(c.shape)

# 3 dim array
d = np.array([[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],[[7,8,9],[10,11,12]]])
print(d.shape)

a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
print(a.shape)

a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
a.shape = (3,2)
print(a)

# NumPy also provides a reshape function to resize an array.


a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
b = a.reshape(3,2)
print(b)

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

# ndarray.ndim attribute returns the number of array dimensions.


a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
print(a)
print(a.ndim) # 1 dimensional array

a = np.array([(1,2,3),(4,5,6)])
print(a)
a.reshape(3,2)

# numpy.empty creates an uninitialized array of specified shape and


dtype
Syntax: numpy.empty(shape, dtype = float, order = 'C')
# 'C' for C-style row-major array, 'F' for FORTRAN style column-major
array
np.empty([3,2], dtype = int)
# The elements in an array show random values as they are not
initialized

# numpy.zeros Returns a new array of specified size, filled with zeros.


np.zeros((2,2))
np.zeros((2,2), dtype=np.int16)

# numpy.ones Returns a new array of specified size, filled with ones.


np.ones(5)

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

np.ones([2,2], dtype = int)

# numpy.asarray is used to convert Python sequence into ndarray


a = [1,2,3]
b = np.asarray(a) # convert list to ndarray
print(b)

b = np.asarray(a, dtype = float) # dtype is set


print(b)

a = (1,2,3)
b = np.asarray(a) # ndarray from tuple
print(b)

a = [(1,2,3),(4,5)]
b = np.asarray(a) # ndarray from list of tuples
print(b)

# numpy.arange is used to print the sequence of values


numpy.arange(start, stop,step)
np.arange(5)
np.arange(5, dtype = float)
np.arange(1, 11)

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

np.arange(10,20,2)

# numpy.linspace is similar to arange(),instead of step size, works with


length
Syntax: numpy.linspace(start, stop, num, endpoint, retstep, dtype)
np.linspace(10,20,5)
np.linspace(10,20, 5, endpoint = False)
np.linspace(1.0, 5.0, 10)
np.linspace(1.0, 5.0, 5, endpoint=False)
np.linspace(1,2,5, retstep = True)

Indexing & Slicing:


===================
a = np.arange(10)
slice(2,7,2)
a[2:7:2]
a[5] # slice single item
a[2:] # slice items starting from index
a[2:5] # slice items between indexes

a = np.array([[1,2,3],[3,4,5],[4,5,6]])
a[1:] # slice items starting from index
a[...,1] # this returns array of items in the second column
a[1,...] # Now we will slice all items from the second row

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

a[...,1:] # Now we will slice all items from column 1 onwards

x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9],[10,11,12]])
x[1:4,1:3] # slicing
y = x[1:4,[1,2]] # using advanced index for column

a = np.array([1,2,3,4])
b = np.array([10,20,30,40])
print(a+b)
a = np.array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]])
print(a+b) # b is broadcast to become compatible with a

a.T # Transpose

Statistical Functions
np.min(a)
np.max(a)
np.mean(a)
np.median(a)
np.std(a)

Arithmetic operations
np.add(a,b)

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

np.subtract(a,b)
np.multiply(a,b)
np.divide(a,b)
np.power(a,2)

NumPy package contains numpy.linalg module that provides all the


functionality required for linear algebra.
a = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
b = np.array([[11,12],[13,14]])
np.dot(a,b) # [[1*11+2*13, 1*12+2*14],[3*11+4*13, 3*12+4*14]]
np.matmul(a,b)
np.vdot(a,b) # 1*11 + 2*12 + 3*13 + 4*14
np.inner(a,b) # 1*11+2*12, 1*13+2*14
3*11+4*12, 3*13+4*14
np.linalg.det(a) # Determinant ad-bc
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
np.linalg.det(x) # 1*(5*9 - 6*8) + 2*(4*9 - 6*7) + 3*(4*8 - 5*7)

Generate random numbers:


========================
# Random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,2
print(np.random.rand(2,2))

# Normal distribution with mean=0 and variance=1 of shape 2,2

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

print(np.random.randn(2,2))

# Random integers between [0, 10) of shape 2,2


print(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=[2,2]))

# One random number between [0,1)


print(np.random.random())

# Random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,2


print(np.random.random(size=[2,2]))

# Pick 10 items from a given list, with equal probability


print(np.random.choice(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'], size=10))

# Pick 10 items from a given list with a predefined probability 'p'


print(np.random.choice(['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'], size=10, p=[0.3, .1, 0.1, 0.4,
0.1]))

# Create the random state


rn = np.random.RandomState(100)

# Create random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,2


print(rn.rand(2,2))

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

# Set the random seed


np.random.seed(100)

# Create random numbers between [0,1) of shape 2,2


print(np.random.rand(2,2))

# Create random integers of size 10 between [0,10)


np.random.seed(100)
arr_rand = np.random.randint(0, 10, size=10)
print(arr_rand)

# Get the unique items and their counts


uniqs, counts = np.unique(arr_rand, return_counts=True)
print("Unique items : ", uniqs)
print("Counts : ", counts)

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in
Trainer: Mr. Srinivas Reddy, Ph: 91 9292005440 Mail: [email protected]

DATAhill Solutions, KPHB, Hyderabad


Ph: 91 9292005440, 91 7780163743, Mail: [email protected],
www.datahill.in

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