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Class 11 - Physics
Sample Paper - 04 (2023-24)

Maximum Marks: 70
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections are
compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains
five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case
study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to attempt
only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. Which of the following pairs does not have same dimensions?
a) Angular momentum and Planck's constant
b) Moment of inertia and moment of force
c) Impulse and momentum
d) Work and torque
2. Number of beats between A and B is 5 Hz and between B and C is 3 Hz. Beat frequency between A and C may be
a) none of these
b) 8
c) 1
d) 2
3. A diver in a swimming pool bench his head before diving. It:
a) increases his moment of inertia
b) increases his linear velocity
c) decreases his moment of inertia
d) decreases his angular velocity
4. Pressure p at any point in a fluid at rest is:
a) the normal force at that point per unit volume
b) the force parallel to the area at that point per unit area
c) the normal force at that point per unit mass
d) the normal force at that point per unit area
5. A typical adult human has a mass of about 70 kg. What force does a full moon exert on such a human when it is directly
overhead with its centre 378,000 km away?
a) 2.0 × 10-6 N
b) 1.4 × 10−6 N
c) 3.1 × 10-6 N

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d) 2.4 × 10-3 N
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6. The speed of propagation of a sinusoidal wave is given by v = νλ where:
a) v is the angular frequency and λ is the wavelength
b) ν is the reciprocal of the time period and λ is the wavelength
c) v is the reciprocal of the period and λ is the wave number
d) v is the reciprocal of the period and λ is the dispersion
7. A jet lands on an aircraft carrier at 60 m/s. It stops in 2.0 s. What is the displacement of the plane when it stops?
a) 60.0
b) 50
c) 45
d) 35
8. The loudness and pitch of a sound note depend on:
a) intensity and frequency
b) intensity and velocity
c) frequency and velocity
d) frequency and number of harmonics
9. A sphere of mass M and radius R is falling in a viscous fluid. The terminal velocity attained by the falling object will be
proportional to
a) R
1

b) R
c) 1

2
R

d) R2
10. Escape velocity from a planet is ve. If its mass is increased to 8 times and its radius is increased to 2 times, then the new
escape velocity would be:
a) 2ve
–
b) 2√2v e

c) ve
–
d) √2v e

11. The angular momentum of a system of particles is conserved

a) when no external force acts upon the system
b) when no external impulse acts upon the system
c) when axis of rotation remains same
d) when no external torque acts upon the system
12. Find the wrong statement about the specific heat of a material:
a) Has units as J/kg-K.
b) Is extensive property
c) Heat capacity per unit mass
d) Constant for a material
13. Assertion (A): Power developed in circular motion is always zero.
Reason (R): Work done in case of circular motion is zero.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

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c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
14. Assertion: It is not possible for a system, unaided by an external agency to transfer heat from a body at lower
temperature to another body at a higher temperature.
Reason: According to Clausius statement “No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a cooled
object to a hotter object.”
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
15. Assertion (A): Earth has an atmosphere but the moon does not.
Reason (R): Moon is very small in comparison to earth.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
16. Assertion (A): In projectile motion, the vertical velocity of the particle is continuously decreased during its ascending
motion.
Reason (R): In projectile motion near earth surface, downward constant acceleration is present in vertical direction.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Section B
17. Calculate the speed of sound in a gas in which two sound waves of wavelengths 1.00 m and 1.01 m produce 24 beats in 6
seconds.
18. The escape velocity v of a body depends upon
i. the acceleration due to the gravity of the planet and
ii. the radius of the planet R.
Establish dimensionally the relationship between V, g and R.
19. In the expression P = El m G , E, l, m and G denote energy, angular momentum, mass and gravitational
2 −5 −2

constant respectively. Show that P is a dimensionless quantity.

20. A bob of mass 0.1 kg hung from the ceiling of a room by a string 2 m long is set into oscillation. The speed of the bob at
its mean position is 1 ms-1. What is the trajectory of the bob if the string is cut when the bob is
a. at one of its extreme positions,
b. at its mean position?
21. What is the gravitational potential energy of a body at height h from the earth surface?

OR

The distance of Neptune and Saturn from the sun is nearly 1013 m and 1012 m respectively. Assuming that they move in
circular orbits, then what will be the ratio of their periods.
Section C
22. What is equation of continuity? Water plows through a horizontal pipe of radius, 1cm at a speed of 2m/s. What should be
the diameter of nozzle if water is to come out at a speed of 10m/s?
23. Explain why:
a. a body with large reflectivity is a poor emitter

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b. a brass tumbler feels much colder than a wooden tray on a chilly day
c. an optical pyrometer (for measuring high temperatures) calibrated for ideal black body radiation gives too low a
value for the temperature of a red hot iron piece in the open, but gives a correct value for the temperature when the
same piece is in the furnace.
24. A train takes 4 min to go between stations 2.25 km apart starting and finishing at rest. The acceleration is uniform for the
first 40 s and the deceleration is uniform for the last 20 s.
Assuming the velocity to be constant for the remaining time, calculate the maximum speed, acceleration, and retardation,
use the only graphical method.
25. An aircraft executes a horizontal loop at a speed of 720 km/h with its wings banked at 15°. What is the radius of the
loop?
26. Explain with the suitable example that a reversible process must be carried slowly and a fast process is necessarily
irreversible.
27. Consider a ball falling from a height of 2 m and rebounding to a height of 0.5 m. If the mass of the ball is 60 g, find the
impulse and the average force between the ball and the ground. The time for which the ball and the ground remained in
contact was 0.2 s.
28. Water from a tap emerges vertically downward with an initial speed of 1.0 ms-1. The cross-sectional area of the tap is 10-
4 m2. Assume that the pressure is constant throughout the stream of water, and that the flow is steady. What is the cross-
sectional area of the stream 0.15 m below the tap?

OR

In a horizontal pipeline of uniform area of cross – section, the pressure falls by 5 N/m2 between two points separated by
a distance of 1 Km. What is the change in kinetic energy per Kg of oil flowing at these points? Given Density of oil =
800 Kg/m3?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The ballistic pendulum was invented in 1742 by English mathematician Benjamin Robins.
A Ballistic Pendulum is a device for measuring a bullet's momentum and speed by employing perfectly inelastic
collision.

A large wooden block suspended by two cords serves as the pendulum bob. When a bullet is fired into the bob, it gets
embedded in the bob and its momentum is transferred to the bob.
The bullet's momentum and velocity can be determined from the amplitude of the pendulum swing. The velocity of the
bullet, in turn, can be derived from its calculated momentum.
After collision, if the pendulum reaches a height h, then from principle of conservation of mechanical energy
(m + M ) v = (m + M)gh
1 2
p
2

where, m= mass of bullet, M = mass of the bob vP = velocity of the bob-bullet combination
−−−
∴ vp = √2gh

Now, Momentum before collision = Momentum after collision

mvB = (m + M ) vp

where, v = velocity of bullet

B

m+M −−−
vB = √2gh
m

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the ballistic pendulum used to be a common tool for the determination of the muzzle velocity of bullets as a measure of
the performance of firearms and ammunition (Nowadays, the ballistics pendulum has been replaced by the ballistic
chronograph, an electronic device).
i. In ballistic pendulum the collision is
a) Perfectly inelastic
b) Partly elastic, partly inelastic
c) Elastic
d) Inelastic
ii. Which two principles of Physics are applied to find the velocity of the bullet?
a) conservation of mass and conservation of momentum
b) conservation of mechanical energy, conservation of momentum and conservation of mass
c) conservation of mechanical energy and conservation of momentum
d) conservation of mechanical energy and conservation of mass
iii. The ballistic pendulum was invented by a
a) Chemist
b) Warrior
c) Mathematician
d) Physicist

OR

A ballistic pendulum of 1 kg is fired with a bullet of mass 1 g. If the pendulum rises 2 cm, find the velocity of
the bullet.
a) 6330 m/s
b) 0.633 m/s
c) 12.65 m/s
d) 633 m/s
iv. Ballistic pendulum has been replaced by
a) Gyrograph
b) Seismograph
c) Tachograph
d) Chronograph
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Root mean square velocity (RMS value)is the square root of the mean of squares of the velocity of individual gas
molecules and the Average velocity is the arithmetic mean of the velocities of different molecules of a gas at a given
temperature.

i. Moon has no atmosphere because:

a) the escape velocity of the moon’s surface is more than the r.m.s velocity of all molecules

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b) it is far away from the surface of the earth
c) the r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s surface
d) its surface temperature is 10oC
CP
ii. For an ideal gas, CV
is
a) ≤ 1
b) none of these
c) > 1
d) < 1
–
iii. The root means square velocity of hydrogen is √5 times that of nitrogen. If T is the temperature of the gas then:
a) T(H2) = T(N2)
b) T(H2) < T(N2)
c) none of these
d) T(H2) > T(N2)
iv. Suppose the temperature of the gas is tripled and N2 molecules dissociate into an atom. Then what will be the
rms speed of atom:
a) none of these
–
b) v √6
0

–
c) v √3
0

d) v0

OR

The velocities of the molecules are v, 2v, 3v, 4v & 5v. The RMS speed will be:
a) 11 v
b) v(12)11
c) v
d) v(11)12
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Section E
31. A simple pendulum of time period 1s and length l is hung from fixed support at O, such that the bob is at a distance H
θ0
vertically above A on the ground (Figure). The amplitude is θ . The string snaps at θ
o
2
. Find the time taken by the bob
to hit the ground. Also, find the distance from A where bob hits the ground. Assume θ to be small so that sin θ and cos
o o

θ 1.
o

OR

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A spring having with a spring constant 1200 N m-1 is mounted on a horizontal table as shown in Fig. A mass of 3 kg is
attached to the free end of the spring. The mass is then pulled sideways to a distance of 2.0 cm and released.

Determine
i. the frequency of oscillations,
ii. maximum acceleration of the mass, and
iii. the maximum speed of the mass.
32. On an open ground, a motorist follows a track that turns to his left by an angle of 60o after every 500 m. Starting from a
given turn, specify the displacement of the motorist at the third, sixth and eighth turn. Compare the magnitude of the
displacement with the total path length covered by the motorist in each case.

OR

A hill is 500 m high. Supplies are to be sent across the hill using a canon that can hurl packets at a speed of 125m/s over
the hill. The canon is located at a distance of 800 m from the foot of the hill and can be moved on the ground at a speed
of 2 m/s; so that its distance from the hill can be adjusted. What is the shortest time in which a packet can reach on the
ground across the hill? Take g = 10 m/s2.
33. A solid cylinder rolls up an inclined plane of angle of inclination 30°. At the bottom of the inclined plane the centre of
mass of the cylinder has a speed of 5 m/s.
a. How far will the cylinder go up the plane?
b. How long will it take to return to the bottom?

OR

Prove the result that the velocity v of translation of a rolling body (like a ring, disc, cylinder or sphere) at the bottom of
2gh
an inclined plane of a height h is given by v 2
=
2 2
.
(1+k /R )

Using dynamical consideration (i.e. by consideration of forces and torques). Note k is the radius of gyration of the body
about its symmetry axis, and R is the radius of the body. The body starts from rest at the top of the plane.

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Class 11 - Physics
Sample Paper - 04 (2023-24)

Solution

Section A
1. (b) Moment of inertia and moment of force
Explanation: Moment of inertia,
[I] = Mass × distance2 = [ML2]
Moment of force,
[τ] = Force × distance
= MLT-2 ⋅ L = [ML2T-2]
∴ [I ] ≠ [τ]

2. (d) 2

Explanation:

A-C1 = 8 Hz
A ∼ C'1 = 2 Hz
Same holds for C2 and C'2
3. (c) decreases his moment of inertia
Explanation: It decreases his moment of inertia and increases his angular velocity.
4. (d) the normal force at that point per unit area
Explanation: It is important to note that it is valid only for a fluid at rest. In the case of a moving fluid, pressures in
different directions could be different depending upon fluid accelerations in different directions.
5. (d) 2.4 × 10-3 N
Explanation: The force exerted by the full moon on the human
Mm
F = G
2
r

Here G is the gravitational constant, m is the mass of the human, M is the mass of the moon. r is the separation distance
between moon and human.
Substitute Value Of G = 6.67 × 10−11N.m2/Kg2, m = 70 kg, M = 7.35 × 1022, r = 3.78 × 108
−11 2 2 22
(6.67×10 N.m /K g )×(70Kg)×(7.35×10 Kg)
⇒ F= 2
8
(3.78×10 m)

3 −11 22
3.43×10 ×10 ×10
⇒F = N
16
14.29×10

⇒ F = 2.4 × 10−3N
6. (b) ν is the reciprocal of the time period and λ is the wavelength
Explanation: ν is here frequency
we know that

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Using Speed = distance /time
For one cycle, distance is given by = λ ,and time is given by = T
Hence v=
λ

v = νλ

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7. (a) 60.0
Explanation: Initial velocity, u = 60 m/s
As it stops so final velocity, v = 0 m/s
Time taken t = 2 seconds
We know, v - u = at
v−u
⇒ a = . . . . . (1)
t

Also, s =
1 2
ut + at
2

From (1), we have

1 v−u 2
s = ut + ( )t
2 t
1
⇒ s = ut + (v − u)t
2

After putting given values, we have

1
⇒ s = (60 × 2) + (0 − 60) × 2
2

⇒ s = 120-60 = 60 m
8. (a) intensity and frequency
Explanation: Loudness depends on intensity while pitch depends on the frequency of sound.
9. (d) R2
2

Explanation: v = 2 R
(ρ − σ)g
9 η

∴ v ∝ R2
10. (a) 2ve
Explanation: The velocity of projection of the body, at which the body goes out or gravitational field of earth or planet
and never returns, is called escape velocity.
−−−−
ve = √ where G is gravitational constant, M is mass of plant and Re is the radius.
2GM

When M = 8M, R = 2R,

−−−−−−
−−−−
2G(8M)
then ve = √ ve = 2√ ve = 2ve.
2GM

(2R) R

Note: Escape velocity is independent of the mass of the body.

11. (d) when no external torque acts upon the system
Explanation: Angular momentum of a system is conserved only when no external torque acts on it.
12. (b) Is extensive property
Explanation: extensive properties (i.e. mass) are dependent upon the amount of a substance, while intensive properties
(i.e. density) are independent of quantity.
13. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: In case of the uniform circular motion, the tangential force is zero, only force is the centripetal force.
Since the velocity of the body along the direction of the centripetal force is zero, so the power developed by the
centripetal force is zero or in term of work done which is zero in circular motion (because displacement is zero) thus the
power which is work done per unit time is also zero.
In the case of the non-uniform circular motion, the body has velocity in the direction of the tangential force. That is why,
we say that this force develops power. In uniform motion α = 0, τ = 0. No work is done.

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14. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Second law of thermodynamics can be explained with the help of example of refrigerator, as we know that
refrigerator, the working substance extracts heat from colder body and rejects a large amount of heat to a hotter body
with the help of an external agency, i. e, the electric supply of the refrigerator. No refrigerator can ever work without
external supply of electric energy to it.
15. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The value of escape velocity on the surface of moon is small (only 2.5 kms-1). The molecules of the
atmosphere gases, on the moon have thermal velocity greater than escape velocity. Due to which all the molecules of
gases have escaped and there is no atmosphere.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
17. Let v be the speed of sound in the gas.
Then v and v
v v v v
1 = = 2 = =
λ1 1.00 λ2 1.01

Beat frequency,
v1 - v2 = 24

6
= 4 s-1

or
1 1 v×0.01
∴ v[ − ] = 4 = 4
1.00 1.01 1.01

or v =
4×1.01 −1
= 404 ms
0.01

18. Let v = Kga Rb

where K = a dimensionless constant.
Putting the dimensions,
LT-1 = [LT-2]a [L]b = La + b T-2a
Equating the powers of L and T,
a + b = 1, -2a = -1
∴ a = ,b=
1 1

2 2

Hence, v = K g1/2 R1/2

−
−−
v = K √gR
19. The formulae or expressions that indicate how and which fundamental quantities are there in a physical quantity are
called as the Dimensional Formula of the Physical Quantity.
Dimension of E = [ML2T-2]
Dimension of l = [ML2T-1]
Dimension of G = [M-1L3T-2]
Hence, P = El2m-5G-2 will have dimensions:
2
2 2 −2 2 −1
[E][l ] [M L T ][M L T ]
0 0 0
[P ] = = = [M L T ]
5 2 5 2
−1 3 −2
[m ][G ] [M] [M L T ]

Thus, P is a dimensionless quantity.

20. a. Bob of mass 0.1 kg hung from the ceiling of a room by a string 2 m long is set into oscillation. At the extreme
position, the velocity of the bob becomes zero. If the string is cut at this moment, then the bob will fall vertically
downwards due to force of gravity.
b. At the mean position, the velocity of the bob is 1 m/s(maximum). If the string is cut at the mean position, then it will
fall towards the Earth but under the combined effect of gravity & horizontal velocity of the bob which is similar to
the motion of projectile projected with some initial velocity. Hence, it will follow a parabolic path.
21. Gravitational potential energy at height h from the surface,
2
gR m
- =-
GMm GM
Uh = [ where, g = ]
2
R+h R+h R

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2
gR m mgR
=- h
=- h
R(1+ ) 1+
R R

OR

By Kepler's IIIrd law, we know that the square of the orbital time period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of
the semi-major axis of its orbit.
2 3
Tn Rn
= ( )
2
T Rz
s

3/2 13
3/2
Tn Rn 10 3/2
= ( ) = ( ) = 10
12
T5 Rs 10
−−
= 10√10 = 10 × 3.16 = 31.6

∴ Tn : Ts = 31.6 : 1 .This is the required ratio of the Neptune time period to the Saturn time period.
Section C
22. The Navier–Stokes equations form a vector continuity equation describing the conservation of linear momentum. If the
fluid is an incompressible flow (ρ is constant), the mass continuity equation simplifies to a volume continuity equation:
which means that the divergence of velocity field is zero everywhere. Consider a non-viscous liquid in streamline flow
through a tube A B of varying cross-section

Let a1, a2 = area of cross-section at A and B

V1, V2 = Velocity of flow of liquid at A and B
S1, S2 = Density of liquid at A and B
Volume of liquid entering per second at A = a1 v1
Mass of liquid entering per second at A = a1 v1 s1
Moss of liquid entering per second at B = a1 v1 s2.
If there is no loss of liquid in tube and flow is steady, then
Mass of liquid entering per second at A = Mass of liquid leaving per second at B
a1 v1 s1 = a2 v2 s2
If the liquid is incompressible,
s1 = s2 = s
a1 v1 s = a2v2s
a1 v1 = a2 v2
or a v = constant
i. e V ∝
1

It means the larger the area of cross-section, the smaller will be the flow of liquid.
Here 1 D1 = 2r1 = 2× 1 = 2cm
D2 = ?
V1 = 2m|s
V2 = 10m|s
D1 = Diameter
R1 = Radius
V1 = velocity
a = πr
2
, D=2r

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2
d D
= π , = r
4 2

From equation of continuity

a1 v1 = a2 v2
2
2 2
D D
1 2
⇒ (π ) xν1 = (π ) ν2
4 4

v1
D2 = D1 (
2

)
v2

2 2

= 2( )
10

1
= 2×
√5

1
= 2×
2.236

D2 = 0.894 cm
Hence, diameter of the outer opening is 0.894 cm as flow rate through this area is high as compared to initial one.
23. a. According to Kirchh off's law of black body radiations, good emitters are good absorbers and bad emitters are bad
absorbers. A body with large reflectivity is a poor absorber of heat and consequently, it is also a poor emitter.
b. Brass is a good conductor of heat, while wood is a bad conductor. When we touch the brass tumbler on a chilly day,
the heat starts flowing from our body to the tumbler and we feel it cold. However, when the wooden tray is touched,
heat does not flow from our hands to the tray and we do not feel cold.
c. An optical pyrometer is based on the principle that the brightness of a glowing surface of a body depends upon its
temperature. Therefore, if the temperature of the body is less than 600oC, the image formed by the optical pyrometer
is not brilliant and we do not get the reliable result. It is for this reason that the pyrometer gives a very low value for
the temperature of red hot iron in the open.
24. The motion of the train is shown in the following velocity-time graph.

Assume that v represents the maximum speed of the train. If x1 be the distance covered during the first 40 seconds, then
v

2
× 40 = x1 or x1 = 20v
Since total time is 4 min (240 seconds) therefore, the time corresponding to velocity-time graph AB is (240 - 40 - 20) s
i.e. 180 s. If x2 be the distance covered during this time, then x2 = 180v.
If x3 be the distance covered during the last 20 s, then we have
x3 = v

2
× 20 = 10v
Now, x1 + x2 + x3 = 20v + 180v + 10v
⇒ 2250 = 210 v (given that distnace = 2.25 km = 2.25 × 1000 m = 2250 meters)
⇒ v =
225

21
ms
−1
= 10.7 m/s
Hence, the maximum speed = 10.7 m/s
Therefore, Acceleration = v
=
10.7
ms
−2
= 0.2675 ms-2
40 40

and Retardation = = 0.535 ms-2

v 10.7 −2
= ms
20 20

25. Speed of the aircraft, v = 720 km/h = 720 × 5 / 18 = 200 m/s, Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s2
Angle of banking, θ = 15°

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For radius r, of the loop, we have the relation:
tan θ = v2 / rg
r = v2 / g tan θ
= 2002 / (10 × tan 15)
= 4000 / 0.26
= 14925.37 m= 14.92 km
26. A reversible process must pass through equilibrium states which are very close to each other so that when process is
reversed, it passes back through these equilibrium states.
Then, it is again decompressed or it passes through same equilibrium states, system can be restored to its initial state
without any change in surroundings.
e.g. If a gas is compressed as shown

But a reversible process can proceed without reaching equilibrium in intermediate states.

27. The initial velocity of the ball at P is zero. Let the final velocity of the ball at Q is v.
Given s = 2 m, then

v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 0 + 2 × 9.8 × 2 = 4 × 9.8
−
− −−
v = √39.2 m/s = 6.26 m/s
Let u' be the velocity of rebopund of the ball.
Given, s' = 0.5 m, the final velocity at R is zero
v'2 = u'2 + 2as
0 = u'2 + 2 × (-9.8) × 0.5
−−−
u' = -√9.8. m/s = -3.13 m/s
Now, Impuse = change in momentum
= mv - (-mv') = m(v + u')
=
60
(6.26 + 3.13)
1000

= 0.06 × 9.39 = 0.563 N-s

I mpulse
Average force = = = 2.817 N
0.563
∵
T ime 0.2

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28. Here v1 = 1.0 ms-1, a1 = 10-4m2, h1 - h2 = 0.15m, v2 = ?, a2 = ?

According to Bernoulli's theorem,
P+ 1

2
ρv
2
1
+ ρ gh1 = P + 1

2
2
ρv
2
+ ρ gh2 [∵ P1 = P2 = P (say)]
or 1

2
v
2
1
+ gh1 = 1

2
v
2
2
+ gh2

or v 2
2
= v
2
1
+ 2g (h1 - h2) = (1.0)2 + 2 × 10 × 0.15 = 4

or v2 = 2 ms-1
By equation of continuity, a1v1 = a2v2

= 5 × 10-5 m2
−4
a1 v1
a2 =
10 ×1
∴ =
v2 2

OR

Acc. to Bernoulli’s theorem, total energy is conserved: →

P

s
+ gh +
1

2
v
2
= Constant
For a horizontal pipe, h = 0
P

s
+
1

2
v
2
= Constant
At ends 1 and 2 : →
2 2
P1 v P2 v
1 2
+ = +
s 2 s 2
P1 −P2 1 2 2
= (v − v ) → 1)
s 2 2 1

Change in K. E =
1 2 2
m (v − v )
2 2 1

Change in K. E. per Kg
1 2 2
= (v − v )
2 2 1

P1 −P2
=
s
(from equation 2)
Given, P1 – P2 = 5 N|m2,

S = 800 Kg /m3
Change in K. E. =
5 −3
= 6.25 × 10 J /K g
800

Section D
29. i. (a) Perfectly inelastic
Explanation: A large wooden block suspended by two cords serves as the pendulum bob.
When a bullet is fired into the bob, it gets embedded in the bob and its momentum is transferred to the bob.
Hence the collision is perfectly inelastic.
ii. (c) conservation of mechanical energy and conservation of momentum
Explanation: Principle of conservation of mechanical energy, an expression for the bob-bullet combination
after collision is derived. Then the principle of conservation of momentum is applied to find the velocity of the
bullet before collision.
iii. (c) Mathematician
Explanation: The ballistic pendulum was invented in 1742 by English mathematician Benjamin Robins.

OR

(d) 633 m/s

−−−
Explanation: v
m+M
B = √2gh
m

Putting, m = 1g = 0.001 kg
M = 1 kg
g = 10 m/s2

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h = 2 cm = 0.02 m
−−−− −−−−− −−
= 633 m/s
0.001+1
vB = √2 × 10 × 0.02
0.001

iv. (d) Chronograph

Explanation: The ballistic pendulum. has now been replaced by the ballistic chronograph, an electronic device.
30. i. (c) the r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s surface
Explanation: The r.m.s. velocity of all the gas molecules is more than the escape velocity of the moon’s
surface.
ii. (c) > 1
Explanation: > 1
iii. (b) T(H2) < T(N2)
Explanation: T(H2) < T(N2)
–
iv. (b) v 0
√6
–
Explanation: v 0
√6

OR

(d) v(11)12
Explanation: v(11)12
Section E
31. Assume that t = 0 when θ = θ0 . Then,
θ = θ0 cos ωt

Given a seconds pendulum ω = 2π

θ0
At time t1, let θ = 2

1
∴ cos 2πt1 = 1/2 ⇒ t1 =
6

dθ
θ = − θ0 2π sin 2πt [θ = ]
dt

At t 1
=
1

6
2π –
θ = − θ0 2π sin = − √3πθ0
6

Thus the linear velocity is

–
u = − √3πθ0 l perpendicular to the string.
The vertical component is
–
uy = − √3πθ0 t sin θ0

and the horizontal component is

–
ux = − √3πθ0 l cos θ0

At the time it snaps, the vertical height is

θ0
′
H = H + l (1 − cos( ))
2

Let the time required for fall be t, then

′ 2
H = ug t + (1/2)gt

(notice g is also in the negative direction)

–
or,
1 2 ′
gt + √3πθ0 l sin θ0 t − H = 0
2

2 2 2 2 ′
−√3πθ0 l sin θ0 ±√3π θ e sin θ0 +2gH
0

∴ t =
g

2 2 4 2 ′
−√3πlθ ±√3π θ l +2gH
0 0

Neglecting terms of order θ and heigher. 2

0
−−−′
2H
√
g

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−−
−
Now H' H + l(1 - 1) = H ∴ t√
2H

The distance travelled in the x-direction is uxt to the left of where it snapped.
−−
−
– 2H
X = √3πθ0 l cos θ0 √
g

To order of θ 0
−−
− −−
−
– 2H 6H
X = √3πθ0 l√ = √ θ0 l
g g

At the time of snapping, the bob was

l sin θ0 lθ0 distance from A.
−−
−
−−−−−
Thus, the distance from A islθ
6H
o − √ lθo = lθo (1 − √6H/g )
g

OR

In mechanics and physics, Simple Harmonic Motion is a special type of periodic motion or oscillation motion where the
restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in the direction opposite to that of displacement.
Spring constant, k = 1200 N m-1
Mass, m = 3 kg
Displacement, A = 2.0 cm = 0.02 cm
i. Frequency of oscillation v, is given by the relation:
−−
1 1 k
v = = √
T 2π m

Where T is the time period

−
− −−
1 1200
∴ v = √ = 3.18m/s
2×3.14 3

Hence, the frequency of oscillations is 3.18 cycles per second.

ii. Maximum acceleration (a) is given by the relation:
2
a = ω A

Where,
−−
ω = Angular frequency = √ m
k

A = Maximum displacement
k 1200×0.02 −2
∴ a = A = = 8ms
m 3

Hence, the maximum acceleration of the mass is 8.0 m/s2.

iii. Maximum velocity, v max = Aω
−− −
− −−
k 1200
= A√ = 0.02 × √ = 0.4m/s
m 3

Hence, the maximum velocity of the object is 0.4 m/s at its mean position i.e at x = 0.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
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32.

The path followed by the motorist is a regular hexagon with side 500 m, as shown in the given figure.
Let the motorist start from point P. The motorist takes the third turn at S.
Magnitude of displacement = PS = PV + VS = 500 + 500 = 1000 m (∵ P V = QR, V S = SR)

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Total path length, d1 = PQ + QR + RS = 500 + 500 + 500 = 1500 m
The motorist take the sixth turn at point P, which is the starting point
∴ Magnitude of displacement = 0
Total path length, d2 = PQ + QR + RS + ST + TU + UP
d2 = 500 + 500 + 500 + 500 + 500 = 3000 m
The motorist takes the eight turn at point R
∴ Magnitude of displacement = PR
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− ∘
2 2
P R = √P Q + Q R + 2(P Q) ⋅ (QR) cos 60
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 ∘
P R = √500 + 500 + (2 × 500 × 500 × cos 60 )

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
1
P R = √250000 + 25000 + (500000 × )
2

PR = 866.03 m
∘
−1 500 sin 60 ∘
β = tan ( ∘
) = 30
500+500 cos 60

Therefore, the magnitude of displacement is 866.03 m at an angle of 30o with PR.

Total path length = Circumference of the hexagon + PQ + QR
Total path length= 6 × 500 + 500 + 500 = 4000 m
The magnitude of displacement and the total path length corresponding to the required turns is shown in the given table
Turn Magnitude of displacement (m) Total path length (m)
Third 1000 1500

Sixth 0 3000

Eighth 866.03; 30o 4000

OR

Speed of packets, u = 125 m/s

Height of hill, h = 500 m
For a packet to cross the hill the vertical components of the speed of packet (125 ms-1) must be minimized so that it can
attain a height of 500 m and the distance between hill and cannon must be half the range of packet.
2 2
v = u + 2gh

2
0 = uy − 2gh
−−− −−−−−−−−−− −−−−−
uy = √2gh = √2 × 10 × 500 = √10000

uy = 100m/s

2 2 2
u = ux + uy

2 2 2 2 2 2
(125) = ux + 100 ⇒ ux = 125 − 100

2
ux = (125 − 100)(125 + 100) = 25 × 225

ux = 5 × 15 ⇒ [ux = 75m/s]

Vertical motion of packet

vy = uy + gt

0 = 100 - 10 t
Total time to reach the top of hill, t = 10 s

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∴ Total time of flight = 2 × 10 = 20 s
So the canon must be at = u × 10 = x 75 × 10m = 750m

Hence, the distance between hill and canon = 750 m

So the distance to which canon must move toward the hill = 800 - 750 = 50 m
Time taken to move canon in 50 m =
distance 50
= = 25sec
speed 2

Hence, the total time taken by packet from 800 m away from hill to reach other side,
T = 25s + 10s + 10s = 45 Seconds.
total

33. A solid cylinder rolling up an inclination is shown in the following figure.

Initial velocity of the solid cylinder, v = 5 m/s

Angle of inclination, θ = 30 ∘

Height reached by the cylinder = h

a. Energy of the cylinder at point A will be purely kinetic due to the rotation and translational motion. Hence, total
energy at A
= KErot + KEtrans
= 1

2
Iω
2
+
1

2
mv
2

The energy of the cylinder at point B will be purely in the form of gravitational potential energy = mgh
Using the law of conservation of energy, we can write:
1 2 1 2
Iω + mv = mgh
2 2

Moment of inertia of the solid cylinder, I =

1
mr
2

2
1 1 2 2 1 2
∴ ( mr ) ω + mv = mgh
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
Iω + mv = mgh
4 2

But we have the relation, v = rω

1 2 1 2
∴ v + v = gh
4 2
3 2
v = gh
4
2
3 v
∴ h =
4 g

3 5×5
= × = 1.91m
4 9.8

To find the distance covered along the inclined plane

In ΔABC :
BC
sin θ =
AB
∘ h
sin 30 =
AB
1.91
AB = = 3.82m
0.5

Hence, the cylinder will travel 3.82 m up the inclined plane.

b.
1

2gh
v = ( )
2
K
1+
2
R

2
2gAB sin θ
∴ v = ( )
2
K
1+
2
R

For the solid cylinder, K 2

=
R

2
1

2
2gAB sin θ
∴ v = ( )
1
1+
2

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1

4 2

= ( gAB sin θ)
3

The time taken to return to the bottom is:

AB
t =
v
1

AB 3AB 2
= = ( )
1
4g sin θ
4
2
( gAB sin θ)
3

11.46 2

= ( ) = 0.7645
19.6

So the total time taken by the cylinder to return to the bottom is (2 × 0.764)= 1.53 s.as time of ascend is equal to
time of descend for the following problem.

OR

A body rolling on an inclined plane of height h, is shown in the following figure:

m = Mass of the body

R = Radius of the body
K = Radius of gyration of the body
At highest point,
energy of body (Ei)= PE = mgh
At lowest point,
Energy of body(Ef) = linear kinetic energy + rotation kinetic energy
= mv² +
1 1 2
× × Iω
2 2

But I = mk2 and ω =

v

R
2
1 2 v 1 2
∴ Ef = (mk ) ( ) + mv
2 2 2
R
2
1 2 k 1 2
= mv + mv
2
2 R 2

2
1 2 k
= mv (1 + )
2
2 R

From the law of conservation of energy, we have:

Ei = Ef
2
1 2 k
mgh = mv (1 + )
2 2
R
2gh
∴ v =
2 2
(1+k /R )

Hence, the given result is proved.

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