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Class 11 - Physics
Sample Paper - 02 (2023-24)

Maximum Marks: 70
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections are
compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains
five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case
study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to attempt
only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. Which of the following has same dimension as that of Planck constant?
a) Angular momentum
b) Impulse
c) Linear momentum
d) Work
2. A certain broadcasting station broadcasts at a frequency of 12 Mega Hz. The wavelength of waves emitted is:
a) 3.6 m
b) 2.5 m
c) 25 m
d) 36 m
3. For which of the following does the centre of mass lie outside the body ?
a) A shotput
b) A dice
c) A pencil
d) A bangle
4. The coefficient of viscosity for hot air is
a) same as the coefficient of viscosity for cold air
b) increase or decrease depending on the external pressure
c) greater than the coefficient of viscosity for cold air
d) smaller than the coefficient of viscosity for cold air
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5. At what distance above the surface of the earth is the acceleration due to the earth’s gravity 0.980 m/s2 if the acceleration
due to gravity at the surface has magnitude 9.8 m/s2.

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a) 1.18 × 107 m
b) 1.37 × 107 m
c) 1.48 × 107 m
d) 0.98 × 107 m
6. A tuning fork when sounded along with a standard source of frequency 300 Hz produces 5 beat/s. The tuning fork, when
loaded by some wax, is again found to give 5 beats/s with the standard source. The frequency of the fork originally was?
a) 310 Hz
b) 290 Hz
c) 305 Hz
d) 295 Hz
7. The area of the acceleration-displacement curve of a body gives:
a) change in momentum per unit mass
b) impulse
c) total change in energy
d) change in KE per unit mass
8. Equation of a plane progressive wave is given by y = 0.6 sin 2π (t − ) . On reflection from a denser medium its
x

amplitude becomes 2/3 of the amplitude of the incident wave is

a) y = −0.4 sin 2π (t + )
x

b) y = −0.4 sin 2π (t −
x

2
)

c) y = 0.4 sin 2π (t +
x

2
)

d) y = 0.6 sin 2π (t +
x

2
)

9. If there would be smaller gravitational effects, which of the following forces do you think would alter in some respect?
a) Nuclear forces
b) Electrostatic forces
c) Viscous forces
d) Buoyant forces
10. If a new planet is discovered rotating around the sun with the orbital radius double that of earth, then what will be its
time period (in earth's days)?
a) 1024
b) 1043
c) 1032
d) 1023
11. A rod has length 3 m and its mass acting per unit length is directly proportional to distance x from one of its end, then its
centre of gravity from that end will be at
a) 1.5 m
b) 2.5 m
c) 2 m
d) 3.0 m
12. Two identical bodies are made of a material for which the heat capacity increases with temperature. One of these is at
100o C, while the other one is at 0o C. If the two bodies are brought into contact, then, assuming no heat loss, the final
common temperature is
a) more than 50oC
b) 50oC
c) less than 50°C but greater than 0°C

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d) 0oC
Kineticenergy
13. Assertion (A): Stopping distance = Stoppingforce

Reason (R): Work done in stopping a body is equal to change in kinetic energy of the body.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
14. Assertion: Work done by a gas in isothermal expansion is more than the work done by the gas in the same expansion
adiabatically.
Reason: Temperature remains constant in isothermal expansion not in adiabatic expansion.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
15. Assertion: An astronaut in an orbiting space station above the earth experiences weightlessness.
Reason: An object moving around the earth under the influence of the earth’s gravitational force is in a state of free fall.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
16. Assertion (A): Two particle of different mass, projected with same velocity the maximum height attained by both the
particle will be same.
Reason (R): The maximum height of projectile is independent of particle mass.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Section B
17. At what temperature will the velocity of sound in hydrogen be the same as in oxygen at 100°C? Density of oxygen is 16
times the density of hydrogen.
18. How is a dimensional formula different from a differential equation?
19. Suppose there existed a planet that went around the sun twice as fast as the earth. What would be its orbital size as
compared to that of the earth?
20. A woman throws an object of mass 500 g with speed of 25 ms-1.
a. What is the impulse imparted to the objects?
b. If the object hits a wall and rebounds with half the original speed, what is the change in momentum of the object?
21. Two masses, 800 kg and 600 leg, are at a distance 0.25 m apart. Compute the magnitude of the intensity of the
gravitational field at a point distant 0.20 m from the 800 kg mass and 0.15 m from the 600 kg mass.

OR

A satellite is moving round the earth with velocity v what should be the minimum percentage increase in its velocity so
that the satellite escapes.
Section C
22. State and prove the equation of continuity for steady flow of an ideal fluid.

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23. Two rods of the same area of cross-section, but of lengths l1 and l2 and conductivities K1 and K2 are joined in series.
l1 + l2
Show that the combination is equivalent of a material of conductivity K =
l l
1 2
( ) ( )
K K
1 2

24. State which of the following situations are possible and give an example for each of these.
i. An object with a constant acceleration but with zero velocity.
ii. An object moving in a certain direction with acceleration in the perpendicular direction.
25. Figure shows the position-time graph of a body of mass 0.04 kg. Suggest a suitable physical context for this motion.
What is the time between two consecutive impulses received by the body? What is the magnitude of each impulse?

26. The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 1/2. If the sink tem perature is reduced by 100°C, then engine efficiency becomes
2/3. Find
i. sink temperature
ii. source temperature
iii. Explain, why a Carnot engine cannot have 100% efficiency?
27. A constant force acting on a body of mass 3.0 kg changes its speed from 2.0 ms-1 to 3.5 ms-1 in 25 s. The direction of the
motion of the body remains unchanged. What is the magnitude and direction of the force?
28. If a number of little droplets of water of surface tension σ, all of the same radius r combine to form a single drop of
radius R and the energy released is converted into kinetic energy, find the velocity acquired by the bigger drop.

OR

A 50 kg girl wearing high heel shoes balances on a single heel. The heel is circular with a diameter 1.0 cm. What is the
pressure exerted by the heel on the horizontal floor?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In everyday life, the term work is used to refer to any form of activity that requires the exertion of mental or muscular
efforts. In physics, work is said to be done by a force or against the direction of the force, when the point of application
of the force moves towards or against the direction of the force. If no displacement takes place, no work is said to be
done.

i. A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100 N resistance. How much work is done by the applied
force?
a) 100 J
b) 300 J
c) 400 J
d) 200 J
ii. What is work done in holding a 15 kg suitcase while waiting for 15 minutes?
a) 22.5 J
b) zero

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c) 225 J
d) 150 J
iii. Frictional forces are:
a) conservative forces
b) non-conservative forces
c) buoyant force
d) none of these

OR

Force of 4N is applied on a body of mass 20 kg. The work done in 3rd second is:
a) 6 J
b) 8 J
c) 4 J
d) 2 J
iv. When the body moves in a circular motion, net 'work' done is:
a) none of these
b) positive
c) negative
d) zero
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Gas molecules move in random motion inside the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the continuous
collision of the molecules against the walls of the container. Due to this continuous collision, the walls experience a
continuous force which is equal to the total momentum imparted to the walls per ​second.

i. If the mass of each molecule is halved and speed is doubled, find the ratio of initial and final pressure:
a) 1:16
b) 1:4
c) 1:8
d) 1:2
ii. The pressure exerted by the gases is:
a) inversely proportional to the density
b) none of these
c) directly proportional to the density
d) directly proportional to the square of the density
iii. If the force of attraction between the molecules suddenly disappears, then what will be the change in pressure:
a) pressure increase

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b) pressure decrease
c) pressure remains constant
d) none of these
iv. If the pressure of a given gas is halved at a certain temperature. what will be its volume:
a) none of these
b) becomes double
c) remains constant
d) becomes half

OR

Dimension formula for R?

a) M1L2T2K-1
b) M1L1T-1
c) M-1L0T1
d) M1L2T-2K-1
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Section E
31. In figures correspond to two circular motions. The radius of the circle, the period of revolution, the initial position, and
the sense of revolution (i.e. clockwise or anti-clockwise) are indicated on each figure.

Obtain the corresponding simple harmonic motions of the x-projection of the radius vector of the revolving particle P, in
each case.

OR

One end of a V-tube containing mercury is connected to a suction pump and the other end to atmosphere. The two arms
of the tube are inclined to horizontal at an angle of 45° each. A small pressure difference is created between two columns
when the suction pump is removed. Will the column of mercury in V-tube execute simple harmonic motion? Neglect
capillary and viscous forces. Find the time period of oscillation.
32. A quarterback, standing on his opponents 35-yard line, throws a football directly down field, releasing the ball at a
height of 2.00 m above the ground with an initial velocity of 20.0 m/s, directed 30.0° above the horizontal.
i. How long does it take for the ball to cross the goal line, 32.0 m from the point of release?
ii. The ball is thrown too hard and so passes over the head of the intended receiver at the goal line. What is the ball's
height above the ground as it crosses the goal line?

OR

i. Pick out only the vector quantities from the following: Temperature, pressure, impulse, time, power, charge.
ii. Show by drawing a neat diagram that the flight of a bird is an example of composition of vectors.

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iii. A man is travelling at 10.8 km h-1 in a topless car on a rainy day. He holds his umbrella at an angle 37° to the vertical
to protect himself from the rain which is falling vertically downwards. What is the velocity of the rain?
[ Given cos 37°= 4

5
]
33. Torques of equal magnitude is applied to a hollow cylinder and a solid sphere, both having the same mass and radius.
The cylinder is free to rotate about its standard axis of symmetry, and the sphere is free to rotate about an axis passing
through its centre. Which of the two will acquire a greater angular speed after a given time?

OR

A tube of length L is filled completely with an incompressible liquid of mass M and closed at both the ends. The tube is
then rotated in a horizontal plane about one of its ends with a uniform angular velocity ω. Determine the force exerted by
the liquid at the other end.

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Class 11 - Physics
Sample Paper - 02 (2023-24)

Solution

Section A
1. (a) Angular momentum
Explanation: As, E = hν
= [ML2T-1]
2 −2

or h = E

ν
=[ ML T
−1
]
T

Angular momentum = mvr = [M] [LT-1] [L] = [ML2T-1]

2. (c) 25 m
Explanation: Here, frequency = 12 MHz = 12000000 Hz
Speed of wave = 300000000 m/s
Wavelength = speed/frequency = = 25 m
300000000

12000000

3. (d) A bangle
Explanation: As centre of mass of bangle is in centre of its body which is outside the body of bangle.
4. (c) greater than the coefficient of viscosity for cold air
Explanation: Viscosity of a gas increases with the increase in temperature.
5. (b) 1.37 × 107 m
Explanation: We know:
2
′ R
g = g( )
2
(R+h)

or g' = g (
R
)
2
r

where R = Radius of earth = 6371 km = 6371× 103 m

r=R+h
g = Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth
g′ = Acceleration due to gravity at height h
Putting above values in the relation, we get:
2
3
9.8×(6371×10 )
2
r =
0.98
−− 3
⇒ r = √10 × 6371 × 10

⇒ r = 20146.87 × 103
We know r = R + h
⇒ h=r-R
3 3
⇒ h = 20132.36 × 10 − 6371 × 10

⇒ h = 103(20132.36 - 6371)
⇒ h = 13761.36 × 103 = 1.37 × 107m
6. (c) 305 Hz
Explanation: Here beat frequency is vbeat = 5 beat/second
Beat frequency v beat = f1 - f2 here given that f2 is 300 hz thus
f1 = 300 + 5
f1 = 305 hz
7. (d) change in KE per unit mass
Explanation: Area of acceleration-displacement curve gives change in KE per unit mass.

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1 2 2 dv
m (v − u ) = Fs = m × s
2 dt
change in KE dv
= × s
mass dt

8. (a) y =
x
−0.4 sin 2π (t + )
2

Explanation: Amplitude of reflected wave = = 0.4

2
× 0.6
3

On reflection from a denser medium there is phase change of π

∴ Equation of reflected wave is

y = 0.4 sin 2π (t +
x

2
+ π) = −0.4 sin 2π (t + x

2
) .
9. (d) Buoyant forces
Explanation: Buoyancy force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density of the
fluid multiplied by the submerged volume times the gravitational acceleration.
10. (c) 1032
Explanation: By Kepler's third law, T 2 3
∝ R
2
T2 3
2r
∴ ( ) = ( )
365 days r

–
T2 = 365 ×2√2 = 1032 days
11. (c) 2 m
Explanation: Suppose the rod is placed along .x-axis. Consider a small element of thickness dx at distance x from its left
end.
As the mass acting per unit length is directly proportional to distance x from one end, mass of the small element is dm =
kx dx

The position of CM of the rod will be

3
∫ xdm
0
xC M =
3
∫ dm
0

3 2
∫ kx dx
0
=
3
∫ kxdx
0
3
3
x
[ ]
3

= 2m
0 27 2
= = ×
2
3 3 9
x
[ ]
2
0

12. (a) more than 50oC

Explanation: Let sc and sh be the heat capacities of cold and hot bodies respectively and θ °C be their common
temperature.
Heat gained = Heat lost
sc θ = sh (100 − θ)
∘
sh ∘ 100 C
∴ θ = × 100 C =
sc
(sh +sc )
(1+ )
s
h

sc SC
But sh
< 1 ⇒ 1+ < 2
Sh

or θ > 50oC
∘
100 C
∴ θ >
2

13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
14. (b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: The slope of adiabatic curve is γ times the slope of an isothermal curve. As γ > 1, therefore, adiabatic curve
at any point is steeper than isothermal curve at that point. Therefore, area under adiabatic curve is smaller than the area
under isothermal curve, i. e., work done by the gas in adiabatic expansion is smaller than the work done by the gas in
isothermal expansion.

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15. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: If the only force experienced by an object is gravity force then it is in state of force fall and an astronaut in
satellite is only experiencing the earth’s gravitational force which is not balanced by any other force and hence is in a state
of apparent weightlessness.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2 2

Explanation: The maximum height to which a projectile rises above the point of projection is, H = , which is
u sin θ

2g

independent of mass.
Section B
17. Given: (vH)t = (v0)100
−−−− −−−−−−
273+t 273+100
( vH ) ⋅√ = ( τ0 ) √
0 273 0 273
−−−−−− −
−− −−
vH 273+100 ρ
0 16 4
( ) = √ = √ = √ =
q 273+t ρ 1 1
H
0

or 373

273+t
= 16

On solving, t = - 249.7° C
18. Dimensional formula is an expression which shows how and which of the fundamental units of mass, length and time
occur in the derived unit of a physical quantity. The equation obtained by equating a physical quantity to its dimensional
formula is called its dimensional equation.
19. Let the period of revolution of the earth = Te
As the planet goes round the sun twice as fast as the earth, so its period of revolution is Tp =
1
Te
2

Orbital size of the earth, ac = 1 AU

Orbital size of the planet, ap = ?
From Kepler's law of periods,
2 3
T ap
p

=
2 3
T ae
e

2/3 1/3
Tp Te /2
∴ ap = = [
Te
] × ae = [
Te
] × 1 AU

= (0.5)2/3 AU = 0.63 AU
20. a. Mass of object m = 500 g = 0.5 kg
u = 0, v = 25 m/s
dp ⃗
Impulse = F dt
⃗
=
dt
dt = d p ⃗ = mv ⃗ − mu⃗

¯
¯¯¯
I = ΔP = m( v ⃗ − u⃗) = 0.5(25 − 0) = 12.5N s

b. m = 0.5kgu = +25ms
−1
( forward )
−25
v =
2
ms
−1
(as backward)
−25
∴ Δp = m(v − u) = 0.5 [ − 25]
2

=0.5[-12.5-25] = 0.5× (-37.5)

Δp = −18.75kgms
−1
or N-s
Δp
Hence, the Δp or Δt
or force is opposite to the initial velocity of ball.
21. Let A and B be the positions of the two masses and P the point at which the intensity of the gravitational field is to be
computed.

Gravitational intensity at P due to mass at A,

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= 20,000 G, along PA
GM 800
EA = = G
2 2
r (0.20)

Gravitational intensity at P due to mass at B,

80,000
EB = G
600

2
=
3
G , along PB
(0.15)

In ΔAPB, PA2 + PB2 = AB2

∘
∴ ∠AP B = 90

Hence the magnitude of resultant gravitational intensity at P is

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−−− 2
80,000
E = √E 2
A
+ E
B
2
= G √(20, 000)
2
+ (
3
)

= 6.66 × 10-11 × = 2.22 × 10-6N

10,000

OR

The maximum orbital velocity of a satellite orbiting near its surface is given by,
−−
− ve
v = √gR =
0
where,
√2

v0 = orbital velocity of a satellite.

R = radius of the earth
g = acceleration due to gravity
For the satellite to escape the gravitational pull of the earth, the velocity must become v.
–
But v = √2v = 1.414 vo = (1 + 0.414) vo
t 0

This means that it has to increase its velocity by 0.414 in 1 or 41.4%

∴ The minimum increase required, as the velocity of the satellite is maximum When it is near the surface of the earth.

Section C

22.

According to the equation of continuity, if there is no source or sink along the length of a pipe then for steady flow of an
ideal fluid the mass of the fluid crossing any section of the pipe per unit time is always constant. Mathematically,
A v p = A v ρ = a constant
1 1 1 2 2 2

Consider steady flow of an ideal fluid through a pipe (or tube) PRQ of varying cross-section. Let us consider flow of fluid
across any two transverse sections, say at P and Q, of the pipe having areas A1 and A2, where velocity of fluid flow is v1
and v2, respectively.
∴ Volume of fluid crossing the area A1 per unit time at section P = A1v1
Similarly, volume of fluid crossing the area A2 per unit time at section Q = A2v2.
If ρ 1 and ρ 2 be the densities of the given fluid at two sections, the mass of the fluid entering per unit time at section P is
m1 = A1v1ρ 1 and mass of the fluid leaving per unit time at section Q is m2 = A2v2 ρ 2
If there is no source or sink of fluid within the pipe, i.e., the flow is steady one, then from the law of conservation of
matter, it follows that
m1 = m2
∴ A1 v1 ρ1 = A2 v2 ρ2 .......(1)
which is the general form of the equation of continuity.
For flow of an ideal incompressible liquid, the liquid density at both the cross-sections remains constant i.e., ρ 1 = ρ2 .
Thus, equation of continuity may be expressed as A v = A v .................(2) 1 1 2 2

From this equation, it is clear that at narrower portion of a pipe the velocity of flow increases and vice-versa.

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23. It is given conductivities K 1 and K2 are in series, Therefore rate of flow of heat energy is same.

∴ (θ 1 - θ ) + (θ - θ 2) = (θ 1 - θ 2)
l1 l2 (l1 +l2 )
i,e.
θ θ θ
+ = .
t K1 A t K2 A t Ke qA

l1 l2 l1 +l2
⇒ + =
K1 K2 Keq

l1 + l2
∴ Keq =
l l
1 2
( + )
K K
1 2

24. Both the situations are possible

i. When an object is projected upwards, its velocity at the top-most point is zero even though the acceleration on itis 9.8
m /s2(g).
ii. When a stone tied to a string is whirled in a circular path, the acceleration acting on it is always at right angles i.e.
perpendicular to the direction of motion of stone.
25. A ball rebounding between two walls located between at x = 0 cm and x = 2 cm; after every 2 s, the ball receives an
impulse of magnitude 0.08 × 10 kgm/s from the walls. −2

If we take any one of the triangular portion of the graph, we can see that the position of the ball is increasing uniformly in
first 2s and then decreasing at the same rate in the next 2s. i.e. The ball is coming back to the same position after every 4s.
The given graph shows that a body changes its direction of motion after every 2 s. Physically, this situation can be
visualized as a ball rebounding to and fro between two stationary walls situated between positions x = 0 cm and x = 2 cm.
Since the slope of the x-t graph reverses after every 2 s, the ball collides with a wall after every 2 s. Therefore, ball
receives an impulse after every 2 s.
Mass of the ball is given by, m = 0.04 kg
The slope of the graph gives the velocity of the ball. Using the graph (in first 2s), we can calculate initial velocity (u) as:
−2
(2−0)×10
−2
u = = 10 m/s
(2−0)

Velocity of the ball before collision(taking any one of the triangle of the graph and time for the first 2s) is given by, u = 10-
2 m/s
Velocity of the ball after collision(taking the same triangle and time for next 2s) is given by, v = -10-2 m/s
(Here, the negative sign arises as the ball reverses its direction of motion i.e. the decrease of position of the ball for next
2s.)
Now from the mathematical explanation of Newton's 2nd law of motion, Magnitude of impulse = Change in momentum ,
Hence
= |mv - mu|
= |0.04(v - u)|
= |0.04(-10-2 - 10-2)|
−2
= 0.08 × 10 kgm/s
T2
26. i. Efficiency, η = 1−
T1

where,T2 = sink temperature

T1 = source temperature.
T2
1− =
1
..................(i)
T1 2

T2 −100
1− ( ) =
2

3
........(ii)
T1

T2
From Eq. (i), T1
=
1

2
and Eq. (ii)

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T2 −100 1
=
T1 3

T2
On dividing, =
3
⇒ T2 = 300K
T2 −100 2

ii. Substituting in eq(i), T 1

= 600K
T2
iii. As efficiency, η 2 ⇒ 1−
T1

T2
It equals to 1 only when T1
= 0 or T2 = 0K

But absolute zero is not possible.

27. Mass of the body, m = 3 kg
Initial speed of the body, u = 2 m/s
Final speed of the body, v = 3.5 m/s
Time, t = 25 s
Acceleration is given by
v−u
a =
t
3.5−2 1.5 −2
= = = 0.06m/s
25 25

Using Newton's second law of motion, force is given as:

F = ma
∴ F = 3 × 0.06 = 0.18N

The force acts in the direction of the motion since the direction of the body remains unchanged.
28. Volume of bigger drop = Volume of n smaller drops
R3 = n × r3 or n =
3
4 4 R
π π
3
3 3 r

Mass of bigger drop,

m = Volume × density
= R3 × 1 = R3
4 4
π π
3 3

Energy released,
W = S.T. × Decrease in surface area
= σ× 4π (nr2 - R2) 4πσ ( r2 - R2)
3
R

3
r

= 4π R3σ ( =3× R3 σ (
1 1 4 R−r
− ) π )
r R 3 rR

= 3 mσ (
R−r
)
rR

But K.E. produced = W

−−−−−−
mv2 = 3 mσ (
6σ(R−r)
or v = √
1 R−r
∴ )
2 rR rR

OR

mass of girl m = 50kg

diameter of heel d = 1 cm = 0.01m
radius = heel r = = 0.005m
d

area of heel A = πr = 3.14 × (0.005)2 2

A = 7.85 × 10-5 m2
force exerted by heel on floor F = mg = 50 × 9.8 = 490 N
pressure exerted by heel on floor P = F

P=
490

−5
7.85×10

P = 6.24 × 106 Nm-2

Section D

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29. i. (c) 400 J
Explanation: 400 J
ii. (b) zero
Explanation: zero
iii. (b) non-conservative forces
Explanation: non-conservative forces

OR

(d) 2 J
Explanation: 2 J
iv. (d) zero
Explanation: zero
30. i. (d) 1:2
Explanation: 1:2
ii. (c) directly proportional to the density
Explanation: directly proportional to the density
iii. (a) pressure increase
Explanation: pressure increase
iv. (b) becomes double
Explanation: becomes double

OR

(d) M1L2T-2K-1
Explanation: M1L2T-2K-1
Section E
31. a. ⇒​Time period is given by, T = 2 s
⇒ Amplitude is given by, A = 3 cm
⇒ At time, t = 0, the radius vector OP makes an angle with the positive x-axis, i.e., phase angle
π

2
π
⇒ϕ =
2

⇒ ​Therefore, the equation of simple harmonic motion for the x-projection of OP, at time t, is given by the
displacement equation: hence
2πt
⇒ x = A cos[ + ϕ]
T
2πt π 2πt
= 3 cos( + ) = −3 sin( )
2 2 2

∴ x = −3 sin πtcm

b. ⇒​Time period is given by, T = 4 s

⇒ Amplitude is given by , a = 2 m
⇒ At time t = 0, OP makes an angle π with the x-axis, in the anticlockwise direction. Hence, phase angle, Φ = +π

⇒ ​Therefore, the equation of simple harmonic motion for the x-projection of OP, at time t, is given as below:

2πt 2πt
⇒ x = a cos( + ϕ) = 2 cos( + π)
T 4
π
∴ x = −2 cos( t)m
2

OR

L et the liquid column in both arms of the V-tube were at h heights initially. Now due to pressure difference the liquid
0

columns in A arm is pressed by x and in arm B is liftted by x (so difference in vertical height between two levels
= 2x ) Consider an element of liquid of height dx inside the tube.

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Then its dm = volume × density = A .dxρ (where, A =area of cross-section of tube, ρ = density of the liquid inside the
tube)
Potential energy of the right arm with dm elementary mass column = (dm) gh
Potential energy of dm elementary mass in left arm column = Aρgxdx (putting the value of dm = A. dx. ρ and h = x)
h1 2
h1 2 h
∴ Total potential energy in left column = ∫
0
Aρgxdx = Aρg[
x

2
] = Aρg
2
1

0
h1
From above given figure sin 45
∘
= ∴ h1 = h2 = l sin 45
∘
=
l

l √2
2
2 2 l
∴ h = h =
1 2 2
2

Potential energy in the left column = Aρg

l
∴
4
2

Similarly potential energy in right column= Aρg

l

4
2
2 2
Aρgl
Total potential energy =
l l
∴ Aρg + Aρg =
4 4 2

Due to pressure difference, left element moves towards right side by 'y' units and the same element rises in the right arm
by 'y' units.
Then the liquid column length in the left arm becomes by decreasing = ( l - y )
And the liquid column length in the right arm becomes by increasing = ( l + y )
Now decreased potential energy of liquid column in the left arm = Aρg(l − y) 2
sin
2
45
∘

Similarly increased potential energy of liquid column in the right arm = Aρg(l + y)
2
sin
2
45
∘

∴ Total potential energy due to two liquid columns in the left and right arm respectively
2
1 2 2
= Aρg( ) [(l − y) + (l + y) ]
√2

Final potential energy due to difference in liquid columns in the two arms,
Aρg
2 2 2 2
= [l + y − 2ly + l + y + 2ly]
2
Aρg
∴ Final potential energy = 2
(2l
2
+ 2y )
2

Now change in potential energy = Final potential energy due to liquid columns in the two arms– Initial potential energy
due to liquid columns in the two arms
2
Aρg Aρgl
2 2
= (2l + 2y ) −
2 2
Aρg
2 2 2
= [2l + 2y − l ]
2
Aρg
∴ Change in potential energy = 2
(l
2
+ 2y )
2

If change in velocity (v) of total liquid column be v then change in kinetic energy,
1 2
ΔK E = mv
2

Again m = volume × density = (A.2l ) ρ

1 2 2
∴ ΔK E = (A2lρ) v = Aρlv
2
Aρg
∴ Change in Total energy = change in potential energy + change in kinetic energy = 2
(l
2 2
+ 2y ) + Aρlv
2

Again, from the law of conservation of energy, total change in energy ΔP E + ΔK E = 0

Aρg
2 2 2
∴ [l + 2y ] + Aρlv = 0
2
Aρ
2 2 2
∴ [g (l + 2y ) + 2lv ] = 0
2
Aρ
∵ ≠ 0
2

2 2 2
∴ g (l + 2y ) + 2lv = 0

dy
Differentiating on both sides of the above equation with respect to time,t we get g [0 + 2 × 2y ] + 2l.2v ⋅
dv
= 0
dt dt
2 2
dy d y dv d y
∴ 4gy + 4vl = 0 [∵ a = = ]
2 2
dt dt dt dt

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2 2
d y d y
⇒ 4gy ⋅ v + 4vl = 0 ⇒ 4v [gy + l ⋅ ] = 0
2 2
dt dt
2
d y g
⇒
2
+
l
y = 0 ∵ 4v ≠ 0 ....(i)
dt

It is the equation of a simple harmonic motion and can be compared with the standard equation of a simple harmonic
2
d y
motion i.e. 2
+ ω y = 0
2
.....(ii) [ω is the angular acceleration or angular frequency of the particle executing simple
dt

harmonic motion]
g
Comparing the above two equations (i) and (ii) we get, ∴ ω 2
=
l
−
− −
−
g
∴
2π
= √ ⇒ T = 2π√
l

g
[∵ ω = 2π
, T being time period of the simple harmonic motion]
T l T

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32. To better visualise the solution described here, we first sketch the trajectory as shown in figure.

i. The problem here is to find t when x = 32.0 m. We can use (x = v x0

t ), if we first find v . From figure, we see that
x0

vx
0
= v0 cos θ = (20.0 m/s) (cos
0
30.0o)
= 17.3 m/s
Using the relation and solve for t.
x=v t x0

t= = x

vx 0
32.0 m
= 1.85 s
17.3 m/s

ii. We want to find y when x = 32.0 m, or since we have already found the time in part (a), we can state this, find y when t
= 1.85 s. Using the relation,
y=v y
0
t - 1

2
gt2
where v = v0 sin θ = (20.0 m/s) (sin 30.0o)
y
0
0

= 10.0 m/s
Thus, y = (10.0 m/s)(1.85 s) - 1

2
(9.80 m/s2)(1.85 s)2 = 1.73 m
Since, y = 0 is 2.00 m above the ground, this means the ball is 3.73 m above the ground as it crosses the goal line too
much high to be caught at that point.

OR

i. Impulse
ii. Flight of a bird. When a bird flies, it pushes the air with forces F1 and F2 in the downward direction with its wings
W1 and W2. The lines of action of these two forces meet at point O. In accordance with Newton's third law of motion,
the air exerts equal and opposite reactions R1 and R2. According to the parallelogram law, the resultant R of the

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reactions R1 and R2 acts on the bird in the upward direction and helps the bird to fly upward.

iii. vR = 10.8 km h-1 = 3 ms-1

Given: cos 37 ∘ 4 ∘ 3
= ∴ tan 37 =
5 4

tan37o
vR vR
But = vM
or 3

4
=
−1
3ms

or v = 2.25 ms-1
9
R =
4

33. Let m and r be the respective masses of the hollow cylinder and the solid sphere.
moment of inertia of the hollow cylinder I1 = mr2
The moment of inertia of the solid sphere I2 = 2

5
mr
2

We have the relation: τ = Ia

For the hollow cylinder, τ 1 = I1 α1

For the solid sphere, τ = 2 I2 α2

As an equal torque is applied to both the bodies, τ 1 = τ2

2
α2 I1 Mr 2
∴ = = =
α1 I2 2
2 5
Mr
5

a2 > a1 ….(i)
Now, using the relation:
ω = ω0 + at

ω ∝ a …(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we can write:
ω2 > ω1

Hence, the angular velocity of the solid sphere will be greater than that of the hollow cylinder.

OR

Consider a small element of the liquid of length dx at a distance x from one end.

Mass of the small element = M

L
dx

Centripetal force associated with the element

M 2 2
dF = ( dx) xω [∵ F = mr ω ]
L

Force exerted by the liquid = Total centripetal force at the other end
2
L
L
F = ∫ dF = ∫
0
M

L
ω xdx =
2 M

L
2
ω [
x

2
]
0
2
M 2 L 1 2
= ω = Mω L
L 2 2

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