Margaret Mary, Prof.

Rajashekar H

Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI)

Volume 12, Issue 3, July 2021:1741- 1752

Research Article

Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students of selected B-Schools in

Bangalore City

Margaret Mary,

Research Scholar, DOS in Commerce, University of Mysore

Prof. Rajashekar H,

DOS in Commerce, University of Mysore, Mysore

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is an important engine of growth in the economy. Although, there is a drastic change with
regard to creation of job, yet problem persists especially with graduates. It is essential to assess the entrepreneurial
attitude of students to achieve the economic growth through the participation of creative work force. Accordingly
the study investigated the attitude of students of B-Schools towards establishment of new business and the attitude
of their family and close friends towards entrepreneurship. Since students and especially graduate students form a
significant portion of potential entrepreneurs, the study mainly aims to assess the level of entrepreneurial awareness
among the students and to analyze the entrepreneurship environment provided by the institutions and also to
measure the entrepreneurial attitude among the college students in selected B-schools. The present study was
conducted based on primary data collected through questionnaire. The sample size for study is 100 students from
selected three B-schools in Bangalore City. The paper focused on analysis of data based on normality test applied
for parametric tests such as mean, standard deviation, correlation and regression analysis. The results shows that
majority of respondents strongly agree that students are fully aware and they have positive behavioral, cognitive and
affective attitude about start up ventures education provided by the selected B-schools in Bangalore City.
Key Words: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Education, Students’ Attitude, B-Schools etc.

Introduction:

Entrepreneurship is the process of creating something new with value by devoting the necessary time and
effort, assuming the accompanying financial, psychological and social risks and receiving the resulting rewards of

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 Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students of selected B-Schools in Bangalore City

monetary and personal satisfaction and independence. Many researchers have opined that entrepreneurship is of
fundamental importance for our economy. For both start-up companies and existing firms, entrepreneurship
encourages expansion of business, technological progress and wealth creation (Lumpkin & Dress, 2007).
Entrepreneurship is a dynamic activity which helps the entrepreneur to bring changes in the process of
production, innovation in production, new usage of materials, creation of market etc. It is a mental attitude to foresee
risk and uncertainty with a view to achieve the objective. More so, it is doing things in a new and effective manner.
In the context of positioning the youth entrepreneurship to the public policy space, the established influence of
primary social reference group to the entrepreneurial intent might be less interesting than studies, analyzing the
institutional and other general preconditions for entrepreneurial development. Entrepreneurship refers to all those
activities which are to be carried out by a person to establish and to run the business enterprises in accordance with
the changing social, political and economic environments.
The concept of entrepreneurship education is the combination of formal knowledge that informs, educates,
and trains one to start their own enterprise. Entrepreneurship Education Programs promote and revitalize the
entrepreneurial culture among students. Initially, the entrepreneurship education was introduced in US at 1970. At
present, entrepreneurship courses have been an integral part in the curriculum of many technical and business
universities. Therefore the entrepreneurship education is at the crossroads of two worlds of two sets of forces
between educational Institutes and knowledge systems in producing entrepreneurs who boosts an economy with
their innovation, dynamism and flexibility in the field of entrepreneurship.

The most successful form of entrepreneurship education is one which enlightens students with the skills
and knowledge needed to start their own company. Provision for teaching, educating students with disciplines such
as financial administration, market analysis, marketing, networking and writing business plan. Yet,
entrepreneurship has not been accepted logically as a career choice. According to the Bosma Wennekers (2002) in
his article 75% of the Indian adult population opined that the fear of failure would not prevent them from setting up
a business and respect from society for those involved in new firm start-ups is significantly lower in the India,
compared to European countries.
Entrepreneurial attitude play a vital role in the life of a successful entrepreneur. As they build their new
ventures, they are bound to overcome hurdles, solve problems, and complete the assignments. Students are required
to focus on talents, capacities or characteristics, among which initiative, creativity, perseverance, independence,
goal setting, opportunity recognition, and risk taking are vital. Whether all these characteristics can be learned from
education is debatable.
However, educational institutions are trying to develop an entrepreneurial culture, an atmosphere
promoting entrepreneurial attitudes and skills, which stimulates innovation and pave the way for their future because
unemployment is highly prevalent among graduates from both private and Government Institutions. In this context
the study highlighted “Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students student’s attitude toward
entrepreneurship should be improved in order to achieve the development strategy of any country because now a
day’s unemployment issue is highly related with graduate students from different private and government

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 Margaret Mary, Prof. Rajashekar H

universities. In this way this study highlighted “Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students of selected
B-schools in Bangalore City”.

Review of Literature:
(Abirami, 2014) 1 Conducted a study on level of awareness among college students to become
entrepreneurs after completion of studies. The researcher also has highlighted some aspects that needs attention of
students to choose entrepreneurial career.
.(Buba Musa,2015)2 The paper examines the differences in attitude towards entrepreneurship education
among students of some selected universities in north eastern Nigeria. The study shows that Students have strong
positive attitude towards entrepreneurship education. The findings revealed that there are no significant differences
in attitude between male and female students towards entrepreneurship education.
(Norman Rudhumbu, 2016)3 Made a study on attitudes of 4th year undergraduate students of Botswana
towards entrepreneurship education. This study showed that challenges that may affect students’ interest in
entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship as a career such as difficulty in accessing funds, lack of technical
support for start-ups and inadequate business opportunities.
(Tariq Hussain,2018)4Analyzed the attitude of students of technical education towards entrepreneurship.
The results revealed that the student demonstrated positive attitude towards entrepreneurship. It is concluded that
there is no significant difference in students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship in terms of gender and session.
(Abdelraheem, 2019)5 Conducted a study on students at Princess Sumaya University for Technology to
analyze their attitudes towards entrepreneurship based on demographic characteristics and was found students have
high level of awareness towards entrepreneurship. Adarsh(2020) 6 The study depicted high interest and intention
towards entrepreneurship by graduate youth but there exists certain factors that impedes them such as lack of funds,
lack of business skill, fear of future, financial security etc.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To understand the theoretical background of the entrepreneurial education in Indian B-schools.

2. To examine demographic profile of the students in selected B-school in Bangalore City.

1
Kumar, V. a. (2014). Entrepreneurial Awareness among the College Students to Become anEntrepreneur with
Reference to Tirupur District. International Journal of Mangement Science , 8-11.
2
Buba Musa Pulka1, R. R. (2015). Variation of Attitude among University Students towards Entrepreneurship
Education. Journal of Business Administration and Education , 177-193.
3
Rudhumbu, N. (2016). Attitudes of Students towards Entrepreneurship Education at Two Selected
HigherEducation Institutions in Botswana: A Critical Analysis and Reflection. Academic Journal of
Interdisciplinary Studies , 83-94.
4
Hussain, T. (2018). Attitude towards Entrepreneurship: An Exploration of Technology Education Students.
Bulletin of Education and Research , 131-139.
5
Abualbasal, A. M. (2019). Students Attitude Towards Princess Sumaya University for Technology. Journal of
Entrepreneurship Education , 1-19.
6. Adarsh A, J. (2020). Assessment of Attitude of Graduated Youth towards Entrepreneurship. International Journal
of Advanced Science and Technology , 4439-4446.

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 Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students of selected B-Schools in Bangalore City

3. To assess the level of entrepreneurial awareness among the students in selected B-school.
4. To analyze the entrepreneurship environment provided by the selected B-schools.
5. To measure the entrepreneurial attitude among the college students in selected B-schools
6. To offer suitable findings and suggestions for the light of the study.
.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

• Primary Data: The primary data was collected by distributing questionnaire among B-school students in
Bangalore City. The total sample size is 100 college students selected from the three B-schools such as, 30
respondents from Acharya Institute of management, 35 respondents from RNSIT and 35 from Don Bosco
Institute of Management of Bangalore City. The data collected is analyzed by administering Structural
Equation Model (SEM) to identify the significant relationship between the dependent and independent
variables. The Variables identified for the study is listed in Table-1.

Table -1
List of variables identified for the study
Groups Dependent Variables Variables
Group -1 Behavioral attitude among a) ED education provides the knowledge related to business
student (BAS) b) Students thinks entrepreneurship a desirable career option
c) ED education helps to be innovative & decisions maker
d) Institution helped me to meet successful entrepreneurs
Group -2 Cognitive attitude among a) It helps to improve skill to become successful entrepreneur
student (CAS) b) Entrepreneurship enhances risk bearing capabilities
c) Entrepreneurship helps to produce new products
d) Entrepreneurship provides business opportunities
Group -3 Affective attitude among a) Entrepreneurship leads to self employment
student (AAS) b) Entrepreneurship helps to be economically independent
c) Entrepreneurship helps to build career
d) Entrepreneurship helps to start new venture

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 Margaret Mary, Prof. Rajashekar H

Structural Equation Model

E2= 0.000
BAS (R2=0.044)
(P=0.001)

(P=0.001)
Students
CAS (R2=0.127) Attitude
(P=0.003) Entrepreneurship
R2= 0.733 Education
(Entrepreneurship)
(P=0.001) CFI=0.948
AAS (R2=0.283)
(P= 0.681)
E1=0.004

Has Significantly Influenced

Has Not Significantly Influenced

The above Structural Equation model aims to understand the students attitude towards entrepreneurship
education provided by the institution. In the context of structural model, the results evidenced appropriate overall fit
(R2=0.733, P=0.000, P=0.004, CFI=0.948). In the context of behavioral attitude and cognitive attitude (P=0.001
and 0.003) the students are significantly influenced towards entrepreneurial education and affective attitude among
students (P=0.681) have not significantly influenced entrepreneurship education provided by the institution.
• Secondary Data: Secondary data was gathered from different sources such as, Internet, website, Professional
Magazines, refereed journals related to the topic.
• Normality Test: A significant test is one where the sample distribution is not shaped as a normal curve (p <
0.05).The sample size is small N = 16, therefore to test the normality of data Shapiro-Wilks W test is used
(P=0.533). Therefore, for normally distributed data parametric test such as mean, standard deviation, one
sample T-test, correlation and regression analysis etc.

Analysis and Interpretation

1. Objective:

To examine the demographic profile of the students in selected B-school:

Hypothesis:

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 Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students of selected B-Schools in Bangalore City

H0: There is no significant difference between demographic profiles of respondents

H1: There is a significant difference between demographic profiles of respondents.

Table 1 depicts the demographic profile of the students of selected B-schools in Bangalore City. The details
for the study is collected from 100 respondents, out of this 60 respondents belongs to Male category and 40 belongs
to female category. The overall respondents numbering, 100 students out of that 60 respondents belongs to male
category and 40 respondents belongs to female category. In the context of age pattern, majority of the respondents
numbering, 40 and 30 students belongs to age group between 20-22 years. Further, majority of the students such as
nearly 70 of them are in II year of study. In the context of residential area of the respondents, 50 students are staying
in urban and 30 in semi-urban areas.

Table No.1
Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Cronbach’s
Variables Classification Frequency
Alpha
Male 60
Female 40
Gender 0.0221 Chi Square= 2.21
P=0.000
(H0 Significant)
Around 20 years 30
Between 20-22 years 40
Age Pattern Between 22-24 years 30
0.0113 Chi Square= 1.43
P=0.003
(H0 Significant)
Rural 20
Urban 50
Residential Area 0.0443 Semi-Urban 30
Chi Square= 1.81
P=0.512
(H0 In Significant)
I year 30
II Year 70
Class of study 0.0177 Chi Square= 3.07
P=0.001
(H0 Significant)

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 Margaret Mary, Prof. Rajashekar H

Source: Field Survey.

Chi square test is applied for data on age pattern, gender profile, class of study of the respondents, for which
the P value (Sig 2-tailed) is 0.000, 0.003 and 0.001, which is less than the Alpha value of 0.05, it was found to be
significant. Therefore the results indicate that the stated null hypothesis is rejected and alternative hypothesis is
accepted. Further for the data on residential area of the respondents, the P value (Sig 2-tailed) is 0.512, which is
more than the Alpha value of 0.05, it was found to be Insignificant. Therefore the results indicate that the stated null
hypothesis to be accepted and alternative hypothesis rejected.

2. Objective:

To assess the level of entrepreneurial awareness among the students in selected B-school

Hypothesis:

H0: There is no significant difference between level of entrepreneurial awareness among the students H2: There is
a significant difference between level of entrepreneurial awareness among the students

Table 2 shows that level of entrepreneurial awareness among the students in selected B-school at Bangalore
City. The highest mean values and standard deviation was recorded 4.83 and 1.775. This shows majority of the
respondents strongly agree that students are fully aware about start up ventures and entrepreneurship education
provided by the institutions.
Table-2
Level of Entrepreneurial Awareness
Variables Mean S.D Variance Skewness Kurtosis
Fully Aware 4.83 1.775 1.208 -1.835 1.4131
Partially Aware 4.31 1.152 1.474 -0.220 -0.784
Less Aware 3.78 1.208 1.489 -1.092 -0.536
Source: Field Survey.

The correlation matrix is applied to assess the level of entrepreneurial awareness among the students in
selected B-schools. The results shows that there is highly positive Correlation (0.888) on the variable Full awareness
of students about entrepreneurship education provided by B-schools and partially aware about entrepreneurship has
not significantly affected on entrepreneurship education provided by the B-schools with negative correlation of -
0.111 (Weak Correlation). The overall results shows that students are fully aware about entrepreneurship education
provided by the selected B-schools in Bangalore City.
Table No.2 (b)
Results of Correlation Matrix
Variables Fully Aware Partially Aware Less Aware

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 Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students of selected B-Schools in Bangalore City

Fully Aware Pearson Correlation 1 0.888** -0.115

Sig. - 0.000 0.002
N 99 99 99
Partially Aware Pearson Correlation 0.772** 1 -0.111
Sig. .000 - 0.033
N 99 99 99
Pearson Correlation 0.617 -0.557 1
Less Aware Sig. 0.071 0.041 -
N 99 99 99
Source: Field Survey. Significant Level at 5%.

3. Objective:

To analyze the entrepreneurship environment provided by the selected B-schools

Hypothesis:

H0: There is no significant difference between entrepreneurship environment provided by the selected B-schools.
H3: There is a significant difference between entrepreneurship environment provided by the selected B-schools.
Table No.3 indicates that entrepreneurship environment created for the students in B-schools. The highest
mean was recorded 4.77 and 1.73, which indicates that majority of the respondents strongly agree with the
provision of seed grant from the ED cells and entrepreneurship creates employment are two major entrepreneurship
environment created in the selected B-schools in Bangalore City.
Table No.3
Entrepreneurship environment provided by the selected B-schools
Variables Mean S.D T-test P-Value Sig-H0
Entrepreneurship creates employment 4.66 1.67 2.11 0.001 Significant
Seed grant provision from ED cells 4.77 1.73 2.15 0.588 Not-Significant
Interaction with successful business people 4.01 1.55 2.70 0.000 Significant
Soft skill training 3.80 1.43 3.30 0.612 Not-Significant
Idea generation programs 2.10 1.30 1.05 0.774 Not-Significant
Business plan competition 2.88 1.11 2.11 0.000 Significant
Interaction with Entrepreneurs 2.94 1.01 3.01 0.000 Significant
Source: Field Survey

The statistical inferences indicates that there is no significant relationship between seed grant provision
from the ED cells, soft skill training and idea generation programs. These variables are more than p value, therefore

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 Margaret Mary, Prof. Rajashekar H

null hypothesis should be accepted. Further there is significant relationship between entrepreneurship creates
employment, interaction with successful business man, business plan competition and interaction with
entrepreneurs, as for these variables are less than p value, therefore null hypothesis should be rejected.

4. Objective:

To measure the entrepreneurial attitude among the college students in selected B-schools.

Hypothesis:

H0: There is no significant difference between entrepreneurial attitude among the college students
H4: There is a significant difference between entrepreneurial attitude among the college students

Table 4 depicts that students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship education provided by the selected B-
Schools in Bangalore City. The table 4(a) shows the major variable to identify the significant relationship between
independent variables to dependent variables. The Model summary shows that r-value as the predictor indicates
87.10% variation in cognitive attitude among students (Model-II). It shows that the students’ cognitive attitude
positively influences them towards entrepreneurship education provided by the B-schools.

Table No.4(a)
Regression Analysis: Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .668 0.660 0.0538 1.5783
II .871 0.982 0.0974 1.5562
III .557 0.916 0.0874 1.2381
Regression Equation
Attitude=β0 + β1 (BAS) + β2 (CAS)) + β3 (AAS)+€+α(β)
Whereas, BAS= Behavioral attitude among student (MI)
CAS=Cognitive attitude among students (MII)
AAS= Affective attitude among students (MIII)
a. Predictors: (Constant).
b. Source: Field Survey. Note: Significant level at 5

The above table 4 (b), shows the variation in students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship education. In
Model –II(CAS) and Model- III(AAS), P value is less that 0.05, so Null Hypothesis is rejected. In Model-I the
significant p value is more than 0.005, so the null hypothesis is accepted. It can be said that there exists no
significant difference in behavioral attitude among students towards entrepreneurship education. Therefore, it can be
concluded that the regression model-I is good and fit for proving the hypotheses of the study.
Table No. 4(b)

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 Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students of selected B-Schools in Bangalore City

Students Attitude for ANNOVA Test

Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Results
1 Regression 178.33 1 147.161 1.493 .812 Accepted
Residual 164.67 4 12.805
Total 343.05 5
II Regression 488.30 1 270.975 1.883 .000 Rejected
Residual 111.67 7 2.422
Total 599.97 8
III Regression 788.21 1 596.118 1.726 .001 Rejected
Residual 100.67 4 7.438
Total 888.88 5
a. Predictors: (Constant)
b. Source: Field Survey. Note: Significant level at 5%.

From the below regression co-efficient table 4(c) results found that r= 3.315 and r= 4.111 representing
behavioral attitude among student and affective attitude among students (AAS) shows positive effects towards
entrepreneurship education provided by the institutions. In the context r= -5.214 representing cognitive attitude
among students (CAS) shows negative effects towards entrepreneurship education provided by the institutions.
Table No.4(c)
Regression Analysis of Coefficients
Un standardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients
Model Variables B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
I (Constant) 0.345 0.092 - 1.521 0.000
BAS 3.315 0.412 -0.768 -3.390 0.000
II (Constant) -1.665 0.112 - 1.972 0.000
CAS -5.214 0.222 0.418 5.562 0.001
III (Constant) 2.330 0.113 - -3.748 0.010
AAS 4.111 0.241 -0.471 -3.194 0.519
c. Predictors: (Constant)
d. Source: Field Survey. Note: Significant level at 5%.

Recommendations for the study:

❖ Entrepreneurship development play an important role in creating awareness about entrepreneurship among
the student community and the people at large.

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 Margaret Mary, Prof. Rajashekar H

❖ Most of the students agreed that entrepreneurship can be considered as a career option in today’s
globalised world. However only 10 percent of the students are interested to start the business after
completing their studies.
❖ In order to create an entrepreneurial culture in campus it is necessary to create awareness about
entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship development agencies.
❖ The institutes/Universities to offer entrepreneurship as a separate course so that future entrepreneurs can be
well prepared.
❖ Extended initiatives by the government to promote ancillaries to large manufacturing firms that in turn
leads to promotion and development of entrepreneurial activity.

Conclusion:

Entrepreneurship is a self-sustaining activity as creation of ventures helps in job creation and generation of
wealth. This study focused on students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship and the existence of good entrepreneurial
attitude among the students. However, students are not sure that they will start their own business after graduation.
In this way educational institutions at various levels can play a major role by providing entrepreneurial education
and training, recognized as one of the crucial factors that help the students to understand and cultivate
entrepreneurial attitudes. The results shows that students are fully aware about entrepreneurship education provided
by the institutions and it can be concluded that the students have strong positive cognitive attitude towards
entrepreneurship education in selected B-Schools in Bangalore City.

REFERNCES:
1. Abualbasal, A. M. (2019). Students Attitude Towards Princess Sumaya University for Technology. Journal
of Entrepreneurship Education , 1-19.
2. Adarsh A, J. (2020). Assessment of Attitude of Graduated Youth towards Entrepreneurship. International
Journal of Advanced Science and Technology , 4439-4446.
3. Buba Musa Pulka1, R. R. (2015). Variation of Attitude among University Students towards
Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Business Administration and Education , 177-193.
4. Davidsson, P.(2018). The trend towards smaller scale during 1980s. ICSB 40th World Conference, Sydney,
June 18-21.
5. Hussain, T. (2018). Attitude towards Entrepreneurship: An Exploration of Technology Education Students.
Bulletin of Education and Research , 131-139.
6. Kumar2, V. a. (2014). Entrepreneurial Awareness among the College Students to Become anEntrepreneur
with Reference to Tirupur District. International Journal of Mangement Science , 8-11.
7. Rudhumbu, N. (2016). Attitudes of Students towards Entrepreneurship Education at Two Selected
HigherEducation Institutions in Botswana: A Critical Analysis and Reflection. Academic Journal of
Interdisciplinary Studies , 83-94.

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 Entrepreneurial Awareness and Attitude among Students of selected B-Schools in Bangalore City

8. Yeboah Asuamah Samuel, Kumi Ernest and Jacob Baffour Awuah, (2013),“An Assessment of
Entrepreneurship Intention Among Sunyani Polytechnic Marketing Students”, International Review of
Management and Marketing, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 37-49,
9. Zhengxia Peng, Genshu Lu and Hui Kang,(2012) “Entrepreneurial Intentions and Its Influencing Factors: A
Survey of the University Students in Xi’an China”, Creative Education, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 95-100, 2012 .

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