THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

Overview
Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the
web. However, it can be defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of
interconnected computer networks.

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
• Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations that have
emerged over the past few years.
• Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
• Explore the evolution of the internet.
• Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.
• Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet.

Lesson 1: The Web

The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and
graphic images. The world wide web is larger collection of interconnected documents or content. It
contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information. A
collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. The main
page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to is called
the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA FBCS, also
known as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor of the
World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and
a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide linking
web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions and align
elements on page.

• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”
Example of Web 1.0
• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views
• HTML/Portals.

Disadvantages
• Read only web
• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.

• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading
a page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to
the web pages that are affected by user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social
media, blogging and Web-based communities.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected
with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have
a social purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites such as:

Example
Facebook Pinterest
Twitter Tumblr
LinkedIn Instagram
Google+ Page

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide

web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically
displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the
top of the web page.

Example
Wordpress Blogger Tumbler

C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own

audience directly using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the
subjects or scope of the project and may be either open to the public or limited to use within
an organization for maintaining its internal knowledge base.

Example:
 Wikipedia Wikivoyage
Wikibooks Wikidata
Wikiversity Wikinews
Commons Wikispecies
Wiktionary MediaWiki
Wikiquote

D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with
the public at large or to invited guests.

Example: Youtube
Facebook Photobucket
LinkedIn Twitter Veoh
Flickr Dailymotion
Photobucket VimeoPRO
LinkedIn Myspace.com
Flickr Metacafe

Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using

freely chosen keywords (e.g. tagging).
• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An
example would be a website that shows local content.
• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put
content. Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments,
reviews, and evaluation.
• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase.
This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of
time you spent on Internet or a data plan that charges you for the amount of
bandwidth you used.

C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of
the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more
features. It applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web
technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine
learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to
deliver web content specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system
rather than humans.

Types of websites:

• eCommerce Website
is a website people can directly buy products from you’ve probably used a
number of eCommerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones
 have one. Any website that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to provide
credit card information to make a purchase falls into this category.

• Business Website
is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It should be
branded like the business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the
types of products and/or services the business offers.

• Entertainment Website
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a
few websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.

• Portfolio Website
are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service providers who
want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio
website to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done. This type of
website is simpler to build than a business website and more focused on a particular
task: collecting work samples.

• Media Website
collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with
entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported
pieces in addition to or instead of content meant purely for entertainment.

• Brochure Website
are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that know they
need an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re
confident you’ll continue to get most of your business from other sources), a simple
brochure site that includes just a few pages that lay out the basics of what you do
and provide contact information may be enough for you.

• Nonprofit Website
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online presence,
nonprofits do as well. A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential
donors to make donations and will be the first place many people look to learn more
about a nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.

• Educational Website
The websites of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall
into the category of educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of
either providing educational materials to visitors or providing information on an
educational institution to them.

• Infopreneur Website
websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but they
represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell information
products. That could be in the form of courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks.

• Personal Website
Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many people
find value in creating personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the world.
This category includes personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with
the world.
• Web Portal
are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization,
or institution. They collect information in different formats from different sources into
one place to make all relevant information accessible to the people who need to see
it. They often involve a login and personalized views for different users that ensure
the information that’s accessible is most useful to their particular needs.

• Wiki or Community Forum Website

Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous example of one
out there: Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty much any subject you can
imagine. A wiki is any website where various users are able to collaborate on content
and all make their own tweaks and changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan
communities, for business resources, and for collecting valuable information sources.
 THE NETIQUETTE AND THE
COMPUTER ETHICS
Overview
The Netiquette and The Computer ethics discusses about the ethical issues in the field of
computer. May it be in online or practicing in professional.

Objectives
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
• Discuss the importance of being a responsible netizen by following the rules of common
courtesy online and the informal “rules of the road” of cyberspace.
• Discuss the difference between privacy and security.
• Explain various risks to internet privacy.

Lesson 1: Netiquette
What is Netiquette?
What is Netiquette? Simple stated, it’s network etiquette – that is the etiquette of cyberspace and
“etiquette” means the forms of required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be required
in social or official life. In other words, netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online.

Netiquette, or network etiquette, is concerned with the "proper" way to communicate in an online
environment. Consider the following "rules," adapted from Virginia Shea's the Core Rules of
Netiquette, whenever you communicate in the virtual world.

When you use e-mail, instant messenger, video calls, or discussion boards to communicate with
others online, please be sure to follow the rules of professional online communications known as
netiquette. These rules will help you communicate with instructors, classmates, and potential
employers more effectively and will help prevent misunderstandings.

REMEMBER THE GOLDEN RULE – Even though you may be interacting with a
computer screen, you are communicating with a real person who will react to your
message. Make a good impression - treat others with the same respect that you would like
to receive and avoid confrontational or offensive language.

To help convey meaning when creating messages, it is sometimes acceptable to include

appropriate emoticon symbols, such as a smiley face :) However, for professional
communications these would be inappropriate.
AVOID SLANG, ACRONYMS, AND TEXT TALK – Communicating effectively in
college and business environments requires the use of correct terminology, spelling, and
grammar that can easily be understood. For example, use “your” instead of “ur”.

AVOID “SCREAMING” IN TYPED MESSAGES – Typing an entire message using all

capital letters is known as “screaming”. It is distracting and generally frowned upon in
professional environments. It is better to draw emphasis to selected words or phrases by:
using italic or bold text; using a different color for text or background color; or denoting
emphasis using special characters (Example: **Important**).

PROOFREAD YOUR MESSAGES BEFORE SENDING THEM – Proofreading your

messages before you send them is a best practice for effective and efficient communication.
Strive to make your communications concise and free of any:
• Spelling and grammar errors
• Confusing terms or phrases that could be misunderstood
• Errors of omission, such as missing content or recipients
• Errors in accuracy of information

EXERCISE GOOD JUDGMENT WHEN SHARING INFORMATION WITH OTHERS

ONLINE – E-mail and chat messages that you send or receive are considered private and
should not be forwarded or copied to others without gaining the consent of all involved
participants. In general, messages posted to discussion boards and social media sites can
be read by the public. You may never know who might read or share what you post. It is a
good practice to always ask a post’s author for permission before sharing a post with other
parties.

• To protect your privacy and safety, do not share online any sensitive personal
information such as:
- Your home address or phone number
- Personal conversations
- Social plans, such as vacations
- Financial information
- Usernames, passwords, or hints
- Anything personal that you would not want shared by others over the Internet

• If the material you share with others online came from another source, make every effort
to gain permission from the original author or copyright holder. Copying someone else's
work and passing it off as your own is plagiarism. It damages your reputation and could
subject you to serious academic and legal consequences.

RESPECT DIVERSITY IN VIEWPOINTS - Be constructive and respectful when sharing

opinions, beliefs, and criticisms, or responding to those of others in the conversation.

• When sharing a viewpoint that differs from someone else’s, it is a best practice to first
acknowledge the other person by briefly restating what he or she said, but in your own
words. This lets the person know that you are listening and trying to understand them.
• When presenting an opinion or criticism, it is helpful to use phrases that identify to
whose point of view you are referring. If the opinion is yours, you can begin with the
phrase “In my experience” or “In my opinion”. If it is a viewpoint of someone else, make
sure you identify that in your message (Example: “According to Eric Ericson,” or “The
president believes”).
Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics
a) Rule 1: Remember the Human When communicating electronically, whether through email,
instant message, discussion post, text, or some other method, practice the Golden Rule: Do
unto others as you would have others do unto you. Remember, your written words are read
by real people, all deserving of respectful communication. Before you press "send" or
"submit," ask yourself, "Would I be okay with this if someone else had written it?"

b) Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life While it
can be argued that standards of behavior may be different in the virtual world, they certainly
should not be lower. You should do your best to act within the laws and ethical manners of
society whenever you inhabit "cyberspace." Would you behave rudely to someone face-to-
face? On most occasions, no. Neither should you behave this way in the virtual world.

c) Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace "Netiquette varies from domain to domain."
(Shea,
1994) Depending on where you are in the virtual world, the same written communication
can
be acceptable in one area, where it might be considered inappropriateq in another. What
you text to a friend may not be appropriate in an email to a classmate or colleague. Can you
think of another example?

d) Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth Electronic communication takes time:
time to read and time in which to respond. Most people today lead busy lives, just like you
do, and don't have time to read or respond to frivolous emails or discussion posts. As a
virtual world communicator, it is your responsibility to make sure that the time spent reading
your words isn't wasted. Make your written communication meaningful and to the point,
without extraneous text or superfluous graphics or attachments that may take forever to
download.

e) Rule 5: Make yourself look good online writing.colostate.edu One of the best things about
the virtual world is the lack of judgment associated with your physical appearance, sound of
your voice, or the clothes you wear (unless you post a video of yourself singing Karaoke in
a clown outfit.) You will, however, be judged by the quality of your writing, so keep the
following tips in mind: Always check for spelling and grammar errors Know what you're
talking about and state it clearly Be pleasant and polite

f) Rule 6: Share expert knowledge The Internet offers its users many benefits; one is the ease
in which information can be shared or accessed and in fact, this "information sharing"
capability is one of the reasons the Internet was founded. So, in the spirit of the Internet's
"founding fathers," share what you know! When you post a question and receive intelligent
answers, share the results with others. Are you an expert at something? Post resources and
references about your subject matter. Recently expanded your knowledge about a subject
that might be of interest to others? Share that as well.

g) Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control What is meant by "flaming" and "flame wars?"
"Flaming is what people do when they express a strongly held opinion without holding back
any emotion." (Shea, 1994). As an example, think of the kinds of passionate comments you
might read on a sports blog. While "flaming" is not necessarily forbidden in virtual
communication, "flame wars," when two or three people exchange angry posts between one
another, must be controlled or the camaraderie of the group could be compromised. Don't
feed the flames; extinguish them by guiding the discussion back to a more productive
direction.
h) Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy Depending on what you are reading in the virtual
world, be it an online class discussion forum, Facebook page, or an email, you may be
exposed to some private or personal information that needs to be handled with care.
Perhaps someone is sharing some medical news about a loved one or discussing a
situation at work. What do you think would happen if this information "got into the wrong
hands?" Embarrassment? Hurt feelings? Loss of a job? Just as you expect others to
respect your privacy, so should you respect the privacy of others. Be sure to err on the
side of caution when deciding to discuss or not to discuss virtual communication.

i) Rule 9: Don't abuse your power Just like in face-to-face situations, there are
people in cyberspace who have more "power" than others. They have more expertise
in technology or they have years of experience in a particular skill or subject matter.
Maybe it's you who possesses all of this knowledge and power! Just remember:
knowing more than others do or having more power than others may have does not
give you the right to take advantage of anyone. Think of Rule 1: Remember the human.

j) Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes Not everyone has the same
amount of experience working in the virtual world. And not everyone knows the rules of
netiquette. At some point, you will see a stupid question, read an unnecessarily long
response, or encounter misspelled words; when this happens, practice kindness and
forgiveness as you would hope someone would do if you had committed the same
offense. If it's a minor "offense," you might want to let it slide. If you feel compelled to
respond to a mistake, do so in a private email rather than a public forum.