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Cardiac Cycle

The document summarizes key aspects of electrocardiograms and the circulatory system. It describes an ECG as a graphical representation of the heart's electrical activity recorded using an electrocardiograph. It outlines the normal ECG waves including the P, QRS, and T waves. It then explains double circulation, which involves pulmonary and systemic circulation, moving oxygenated and deoxygenated blood through separate pathways. It also briefly discusses coronary circulation and regulation of cardiac activity. Finally, it lists some common circulatory disorders like hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure.

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Amit Mehta
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22 views6 pages

Cardiac Cycle

The document summarizes key aspects of electrocardiograms and the circulatory system. It describes an ECG as a graphical representation of the heart's electrical activity recorded using an electrocardiograph. It outlines the normal ECG waves including the P, QRS, and T waves. It then explains double circulation, which involves pulmonary and systemic circulation, moving oxygenated and deoxygenated blood through separate pathways. It also briefly discusses coronary circulation and regulation of cardiac activity. Finally, it lists some common circulatory disorders like hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure.

Uploaded by

Amit Mehta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Electrocardiogram:-It is the graphical represen of electric activity of the

heart.
• The machin used to record is called electrocardiograph.

• Pip….pip…pip….peeeeee)- This heart sound is heared when the


person undergo cardiac arrest (i.e heart stop beating).
• There are three electric leads one in each wrist and one in left ankle to
detect ECG of human for the detail evaluation of heart function.
• A normal ECG is composed of P wave, a QRS wave and a T wave.
• P wave:- It is small upward wave that indicates the depolarisation of
atrial/Atrial systole/atrial contraction.
• It is caused by the activity of SA Node.

• QRS Wave:- It is complex wave that indicates rapid depolarisation of


ventricle / ventricular systole.
• T wave:- It is dome shape which indicates ventricularrepoarisation or
ventricular relaxation.
By counting the number of QRS complex in a given period, we can
determine the heart beat rate of an individuals.
DOUBLE CIRCULATION
Double circulation is the passage of same blood twice in the heart through
separate pathways for completing one cycle.
• It consists of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.

Pulmonary circulation:- It is the movement of blood from the heart, to the


lungs and back to the heart again. Deoxygenated blood is pumped out of
the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk, then to the pulmonary
arteries and into the lungs via pulmonary veins, oxygenated blood is then
drained into the left atrium.

Systemic Circulation:- The flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to
all parts of the body and deoxygenated blood from various body parts to the
right atrium is called systemic circulation.
Hepatic portal:- A special vascular
connection exists between the digestive
tract and liver is called hepatic system.

Coronary Circulation:- A special


coronary system of blood vessels is
present in our body for circulation of
blood to and from the cardiac
musculature called coronary circulation.

OR

Blood circulation to the heart


muscle is called coronary
Circulation.
Regulation of Cardiac Activity:- Normal activity of the blood are autoregulated
by nodal tissue, hence the heart is called myogenic.

• A special neural centre in the medulla oblongata can moderate the cardiac
function through autonomic nervous system (ANS).

DISORDERS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

High blood pressure (Hypertension):- The increase in blood pressure above


140 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic is termed as hypertension or high
blood pressure
• Normal blood pressure – 120/80 mmHg
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):- Coronary Artery Disease, often referred to as
atherosclerosis, affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle. It is
caused by deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues, which makes
the lumen of arteries narrower.

Angina:- It is also called ‘angina pectoris’. A symptom of acute chest pain


appears when no enough oxygen is reaching the heart muscle. Angina can occur
in men and women of any age but it is more common among the middle-aged
and elderly. It occurs due to conditions that affect the blood flow.

Heart failure:- It is the state of heart when it is not pumping blood


effectively to meet the needs of body. It is also known as congestive heart
failure. A congestion of lungs is one of the main symptoms

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