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Computer Networks Assignment

Circuit switching requires dedicating an entire path between the sender and receiver for the duration of the communication. This ensures little data loss but wastes bandwidth. Packet switching does not require dedicating a path so bandwidth is used more efficiently but there is a higher chance of data loss if packets arrive out of order. The two main types of packet switching are datagram, where each packet is routed independently, and virtual circuit identifier, where a path is set up before transmission.

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24 views

Computer Networks Assignment

Circuit switching requires dedicating an entire path between the sender and receiver for the duration of the communication. This ensures little data loss but wastes bandwidth. Packet switching does not require dedicating a path so bandwidth is used more efficiently but there is a higher chance of data loss if packets arrive out of order. The two main types of packet switching are datagram, where each packet is routed independently, and virtual circuit identifier, where a path is set up before transmission.

Uploaded by

Sasi Balaji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circuit Switching

Circuit Switching is a connection-oriented service. It provides a


dedicated path from the sender to the receiver. In-circuit switching, a
connection setup is required to send and receive data. It has very little
chance of data loss and error due to the dedicated circuit, but a lot of
bandwidth is wasted because the same path cannot be used by other
senders during a congestion. Circuit switching is completely transparent;
the sender and receiver can use any bit rate format or framing method.

Advantages of Circuit Switching


• It uses a fixed bandwidth.
• A dedicated communication channel increases the quality of
communication.
• Data is transmitted with a fixed data rate.
• No waiting time at switches.
• Suitable for long continuous communication.

Disadvantages of Circuit Switching


• Resources are not utilized fully.
• A dedicated path has to be established for each connection.
• Circuit switching is more expensive.
• Dedicated channels require more bandwidth.

Packet Switching
Packet Switching is a connection-less service. It does not require any
dedicated path between the sender and receiver. It places an upper limit
on block size. In packet switching bandwidth is freely utilized as unrelated
sources can be used in any path. It has more chance of data loss and error;
the packets may arrive in the wrong order.
Advantages of Packet Switching
o It reduces access delay.
o Costs are minimized to great extent. Hence packet switching is a very
cost-effective technique.
o Packets are rerouted in case of any problems. This ensures reliable
communication.
o It is more efficient for data transmission because no need to establish
the path.

Disadvantages of Packet Switching


o Protocols used in the packet switching are complex.
o If the network becomes overloaded, packets are delayed or discarded,
or dropped.
o It is not secured if security protocols are not used during packet
transmission.

In Packet Switching, there are two types:


i) Datagram Packet Switching
ii) Virtual Circuit Identifier Packet Switching

1. Datagram Packet Switching


Datagram Packet Switching is a packet switching method that
treats each packet, or datagram, as a separate entity. Each packet is
routed via the network on its own. It is a service that does not require
a connection. Because there is no specific channel for a connection
session, there is no need to reserve resources. As a result, packets
have a header with all the destination’s information. The intermediate
nodes assess a packet’s header and select an appropriate link to a
different node closer to the destination.
Advantages of Datagram Packet Switching
✓ Economical (Resource Sharing)
✓ Fault Tolerant
✓ Prioritization

Disadvantages of Datagram Packet Switching


 Transmission Time
 Waiting Time.
 Total Delay {Transmission Time + Waiting Time}

2. Virtual Circuit Identifier Packet Switching


Virtual Circuit Identifier Packet Switching approach in which a
path is built between the source and the final destination through
which all packets are routed throughout a call is known as virtual circuit
switching. Because the connection looks to the user to be an infatuated
physical circuit, this path is referred to as a virtual circuit. Other
communications, on the other hand, may be sharing parts of the same
path. Before the data transmission can commence, the source and
destination must agree on a virtual circuit path. For the decision, all
intermediary nodes between the two places add a routing entry to their
routing database. Additional parameters, like the utmost packet size,
also are exchanged between the source and therefore the destination
during call setup. The virtual circuit is cleared after the info transfer is
completed.
Advantages of Virtual Circuit Identifier Packet Switching
✓ Packets are delivered in order.
✓ The overhead in the packets is smaller.
✓ The connection is more reliable.
✓ Billing is easier.

Disadvantages of Virtual Circuit Identiier Packet Switching


 The switching equipment needs to be more powerful.
 Resilience to the loss of a trunk is more difficult.

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