MDCAT

Chemistry
Quick Practice Book
www.nearpeer.org

Oldest, Largest and Most Credible Platform

 S and p - Block Elements
Learning Objectives:
Understand the trends in Physical Properties of elements belonging to
period no 2 and period no 3.

Explain the periodicity in physical properties of elements

Atomic Radi

Ionic Radii

Ionization Energy

Electron Affinity

Melting Point

Boiling Point

Electrical Conductivity

Electronegativity

Reaction of Group IA elements with H2O, O2 and Cl2

Reactions of Group IIA elements with H2O, O2 and N2

Reactions of Group IIIIA elements with H2O, O2 and Cl2

s-block and p-block Elements (Inorganic chemistry)

Introduction
The Periodic Table provides a basic framework to study the periodic behaviour of physical and
chemical properties of elements as well as their compounds.
Key Features of the modern periodic table which help you to understand the trends in
physical and chemical properties of elements.

 Elements have been arranged on the basis of increasing atomic number. (The idea to
arrange elements on the basis of proton was first floated by Moseley).
 There are 7 horizontal rows called periods (no of shells≈ periods) and 18 vertical
columns called groups.(valence electrons in representative elements ≈ groups).
 Atomic properties gradually change as we move from left to right within same period
but shell no remains same.
 The atomic properties; i.e., ionization energy, electron affinity, density,
electronegativity increases along the period from left to right with few exceptions.
 Every period except first starts with metal and ends with non-metal.
 The prominent periods; 3d transition series, 4d transition series, 5d transition series,
lanthanides and actinides show tremendous variations of properties.
 Within same group, no of valence electrons remain same but no of shells changes as we
move from top to bottom. It accounts that similar elements are placed in same group.
 The position of elements in groups greatly helps in understanding the pattern of
chemical reactivity.
 The famous groups include alkali metals (IA), alkaline earth metals (IIA)noble
gases(VIIIA), Chalcogen (VIA)etc.
 Depending upon the valence electronic configuration, modern periodic table has 4-
block division; s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block.
 Another division of groupscomprises the division of groups into representative
elements (A) and transition elements (B).

Dobereiner Newlands Mendeleev Moseley Al Razi

Law of triad Law of Octave Periodic table Atomic number Four group div,
Division of Modern Periodic Table into Block
s-block elements:

I-A and II-A group elements and Helium are called s-block because their valence electrons are
present in s-orbital.
p-block elements:
III-A to VIII-A group elements (except He) are called p-block elements because their valence
electrons are present in p-orbital.
d-block elements:

I-B to VIII-B group elements (transition elements) are called d-block elements because their
valence electrons are present in d-orbital.
f-block elements:
Lanthanides and actinides are called f-block elements because their valence electrons are
present in f-orbital.

Periodic trends in physical properties

Atomic radius:

“Half of the distance between the nuclei of two adjacent atoms is considered to be the radius
of the atom.”
 Atoms are assumed to be spherical. Depending upon the type of the compound used
for its measurement, the sizes of atoms are expressed in terms of atomic radii, ionic
radii and covalent radii, etc.
 The atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group due to increase in
atomic number.
 This is due to the addition of an extra shell of electrons.

Point to Ponder

Factors Affecting Atomic

Radius:

Nuclear Charge:
Figure 2: Atomic radius trend in alkali metals
As it increases, atomic radius
decreases.

No of Shells:

As it increases, atomic radius

increases.
 Figure 3: Atomic radius trend in halogens

 Within a period from left to right , there is a gradual decrease in atomic radius.
 This gradual decrease in the radius is due to increase in the positive charge in the
nucleus.

Figure 4: Atomic radius in period

 The gradual reduction in the size of Lanthanides is significant and called Lanthanide
Contraction.
 The steady decrease in the size of the atoms and ions of the rare earth elements with
increasing atomic number from lanthanum (atomic number 57) through lutetium
(atomic number 71).
 Atomic radii can be determined, by measuring the distances between the centres of
adjacent atoms with the help of X-rays or by spectroscopic measurements.
Along the Group
Atomic radii increase from top to bottom in a group.
Reasons
1. Increase in the number of shells
2. Increase in the shielding (screening) effect.
Along the Period
Atomic radii decrease from left to the right in a period.

Reasons
1. Increase in the nuclear charge.
2. shielding effect remains the same from left to right in a period.

Ionic radius:
Ionic radius is the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure.
 When neutral atom loses an electron one or more electrons, it becomes a positive ion.
 A positive ion is always smaller than the neutral atom from which it is derived.
 Within same group, ionic radius increases down the group.

Figure 5: Ionic radii of IA group elements

 When a neutral atom gains an electron, negative ion is formed which is greater in size
than its corresponding neutral atom.
 Ionic radius of negative ion increases down the group.

Figure 6: Ionic radii of halogens

  Within a period, isoelectronic positive ions show a decrease in ionic radius from left to
right, because of the increasing nuclear charge. The same trend is observed for the
isoelectronic negative ions of a period; ionic size decreases from left to right.
Interionic Distance:
The interionic distance ‘R’ in a crystal lattice is the sum of the cationic radius r + and the anionic
radius r-
R = r+ + r-
For example the interionic distance of potassium chloride (KCl) is:
R = 133pm + 181 pm = 314 pm
Important Points:
 Cations of a period are isoelectronic to one another.
 Anions of a period are isoelectronic to one another as well as noble gas of a same
period.
 Cations of a period are isoelectronic to the anions as well as noble gas of the previous
period.

Test yourself:
Which of the following ion has greater ionic radius than its corresponding
neutral atom?
A. Cl- B. Mg2+ C. Na+ D. H+

A) Cl- B) Mg2+ C) Na+

D) H+
Ionization energy:
“The minimum amount of energy which is required to remove an electron from the valence
shell of an isolated gaseous atom to form positive ion.”

Figure 7: Ionization energy

Mg(g) →Mg+ +(g)

Mg -1 ∆H = 738 kjmol-1 -1
(g) + +
1e1e
-1∆H
1 = 1738 kjmol

(g) + →
Mg+(g) →MgMg 2+ +(g) 1e-1Mg2+(g)∆H
+ 1e -1
2 = 1450∆H 2 = -1 1450
kjmol
kjmol-1
Mg2+(g) →Mg3+(g) + 1e-1 ∆H3 = 7730 kjmol-1
Mg2+(g) → Mg3+(g) + 1e-1 ∆H3 = 7730
So 1-1st I.E. < 2nd I.E. < 3rd I.E. …………… and so on.
kjmol
So 1st I.E. < 2nd I.E. < 3rd I.E. ……………
 It isand so on. in KJ/mol or eV.
measured
 3rd IE > 2𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝐸 > 1𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝐸.
 Ionization is the index to metallic character
 Ionization energy decreases down the group.

Figure 8: Ionization energy in a group

 Ionization energy generally increases from left to right in a period.

 Figure 9: Ionization energy in a period

Point of ponder

 Ionization energy is an index to metallic character.

 Metals have low ionization energy forming cations.
 Non metals have high ionization energy forming
anions.
 Factors affecting:
𝟏
 𝐈𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞
 Ionization energy increases as nuclear charge increases
 Ionization energy increases with stable electronic
configuration
 Ionization energy increases with more s character
𝟏
 𝑰𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕

Gripping fact:
In second period, Nitrogen does not follow the
general rule of increasing ionization energy, instead it
has greater ionization energy than oxygen which
comes after it because of half filled 3p orbital (stable
electronic configuration).
Order of ionization energy is s > p > d > f Group IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg) and IIIB
Abnormal Trends: (Sc, Y, La) are non-typical
transition elements while all
The elements of:
other are typical transition
 Group III-A and elements.
 Group VI-A and
have abnormally low values of ionization energy in every period

TEST YOURSELF

Nitrogen has exceptionally more ionization energy than oxygen due to

A. Atomic size B. Nuclear charge C. Shielding effect D. Stable electronic
configuration

Ionization energies of 1st 20 elements

Electron affinity:
“The amount of energy which is released/absorbed on the addition of electron in the valence
shell of an isolated gaseous ion to form anion.”

Energy is released on addition of first electron to neutral atom (exothermic)

Energy is absorbed on addition of 2nd electron to uninegative ion (endothermic) to
overcome repulsion.
 Knowledge of electron affinities can be combined with the knowledge of ionization
energies to predict which atoms can easily lose electrons and which can accept
electrons more readily.
 Electron affinity depends upon atomic size, nuclear charge and vacancy in outermost
shell.
 Electron affinity generally decreases from top to bottom in a group and increases from
left to right in a period.

Figure 10: Electron affinity in a periodic table

 Chlorine has more electron affinity than Fluorine because of greater reduction in size of
fluorine and inter electronic repulsion.
 Noble gases have positive electron affinity as they have no vacancy in valence shell.
 The atom with stable electronic configuration (IIA) or half filled sub shell (VA) may have
low electron affinity values.
 In case of non metals, oxidizing power is proportional to electron affinity.
  In case of stable electronic configuration, electron affinity is low.

Factors affecting electron affinity:

 Atomic size, nuclear charge,

 Vacancies in outermost shell.

Melting point and boiling point:

“The temperature at which solid and liquid phase of same substance co-exist is
called melting point while temperature at which external pressure becomes equal to vapour
pressure of liquid.”

 Across the shorter periods, melting point and boiling point increases upto VIA and then
decreases up to noble gases.
Gripping fact:

 MPand BP of IA to IVA ⇒ increase in melting point 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 binding energy.

 MP and BP of VA to VIIIA ⇒ formation of small covalent molecules and weak interactive
forces.

Figure 11: Trends of MP and BP across the2nd period

 Unique trend of melting point and boiling point in a group is shown as:
 In IA and IIA group, decreases from top to bottom due to increase in atomic size
 In group VIIA, it increases from top to bottom due to increasing polarizability.
 Figure 12: Trends of MP and BP of IIA group

Magnesium has low melting point because of distorted hexagonal close packing structure in
its crystal lattice.

Figure 13: Melting point of halogens

Figure 14: Table showing MP, BP and appearance

Test yourself:
Which of the following element has less melting point?
A) Be B) Mg C) Ca D) Sr
Electrical conductivity:
“The ability of the substance to conduct electric current is known as electrical
conductivity.”
 The electrical conductivity of elements is due to:
 Loosely bounded valence electrons.
 Ease of their movement in crystal lattice.
 The electrical conductivity of metals in group IA and IIA generally increases from top to
bottom.
 Coinage metals (IB) have extraordinary electrical conductance.
 The lower elements of group IVA, tin and lead, are fairly good conductors.
 Non-metals, especially of groups VIA and VIIA, show such low electrical conductance
that they can be considered as nonconductors.

Figure 15: Electrical conductivity in 2nd period

Gripping fact:

Carbon in the form of diamond is non-conductor because all of its valence electrons are
tetraherdrally bound and unable to move freely.
Carbon in the form of graphite is conductor because one of its four electrons is free to
move.
  Sodium, magnesium and aluminum are all good conductors of electricity.
 Silicon is a semiconductor.
 Electrical conductivity of metals decreases on heating while increment in electrical
conductivity of semiconductor on heating.
 Semi conductors are known as half conductors.

Conductivity of period 3 elements:

Test yourself:
Which of the following is semiconductor?
A) C B) Si C) Mg D) Na
Electronegativity:
“The force with which an atom attracts the shared pair of electrons towards itself.”

 Fluorine is the most electronegative element (4.0) while Cesium and Francium are the
least electronegative elements (0.7).
 Electronegativity values increases from left to right in a period. It decreases from top to
bottom in modern periodic table.

Gripping fact:
Electronegativity is about the tendency of an atom to attract a
bondingpair of electrons. Since noble gases do not form covalent bonds, you obviously can't
assign this electronegativity.

Figure 16: Electronegativity values in 2nd period

Figure 17: Electronegativity values in group IA

Insight:
Postassium (K) and Rubidium (Rb) have same 0.82 electronegativity due to shielding
effect.

Nature of Bond:
The difference in the electronegativity values of the bonded atoms is an index to the polar
nature of the covalent bond.

 If ∆ E.N > 1.7, the bond is ionic.

 If ∆ E.N < 1.7 but > 0.5, the bond is polar covalent.
 If ∆ E.N ≤ 0.5, the bond is non polar covalent.
 If ∆ E.N = 1.7, shows roughly equal contributions of ionic and covalent bonds.

Reactivity of Alkali metals (Group IA elements)

 Alkali metals have only one electron in ‘s’ orbital of their valence shell.
 They form ionic compounds and show +1 oxidation state.
 There is an increase of atomic and ionic radii (of M+ ions) as we move from lithium to
cesium due to successive addition of shells.
 First ionization energy falls down the group so reactivity increases down the group.

Reactions of group IA with H2O, O2 and Cl2:

 Reaction of Group IA elements with water:

 The elements of IA group become more reactive as we move from top to
bottom.
 Lithium is the metal which releases the most heat during the reaction.
 Potassium, rubidium and caesium are so highly reactive that they react with
ice even at -100°C.
2Li + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
Lithium's density is only about half that of water so it floats on the surface, gently fizzing and
Lithium's density is only about half that of water so it floats on the surface, gently fizzing and giving
giving off hydrogen.
off hydrogen.
Sodium also floats on the surface and it melts almost at once to form a small silvery ball that
Sodium also floats on the surface and it melts almost at once to form a small silvery ball that
dashes around the surface. The hydrogen may catch fire to burn with an orange flame rather
dashes around the surface. The hydrogen may catch fire to burn with an orange flame rather than
than blue flame due to contamination with sodium compounds
blue flame due to contamination with sodium compounds
Potassium reacts faster than sodium and enough heat is given off. This time the normal
Potassium reacts faster than sodium and enough heat is given off. This time the normal hydrogen
hydrogen flame is contaminated by potassium compounds and so is coloured lilac (a faintly
flame is contaminated by potassium compounds and so is coloured lilac (a faintly bluish pink).
bluish pink).
Rubidium is denser than water and so sinks. It reacts violently and immediately, with everything
Rubidium is denser than water and so sinks. It reacts violently and immediately, with
spitting out of the container again.
everything spitting out of the container again.
Cesium explodes on contact with water, quite possibly shattering the container.
Cesium explodes on contact with water, quite possibly shattering the container.

 Reaction of Group IA elements with O2:

 Alkali metals react with O2 or air rapidly and thus get tarnished due to the formation of
their oxide on the surface of the metals.
 Alkali metals are stored in paraffin oil or kerosene.
4LI + O2 →2Li2O (Normal oxide)
4Na + O2(limited) →2 Na2O (Normal oxide)
2Na + O2(limited) →Na2O2 (Peroxide)

 Potassium, rubidium and caesium react with oxygen to form superoxides.

K + O2 → KO2 (superoxide)
The normal oxides of alkali metals other than Li2O are not formed by the direct reaction
between the metals and O2 they are formed by indirect methods, eg, by reducing
Peroxides
Nitrites
Nitrates with metal itself
Properties:
Normal oxide (O2-) reacts with water to form hydroxides by proton exchange.

The peroxides and superoxides are strong oxidizing agents and react with water to give H2O2
and O2.

The superoxide ion has a three electron bond as shown below

The presence of one unpaired electron in it makes this paramagnetic and coloured.

 Reaction of Group IA elements with Cl2:

 Lithium and sodium react slowly with chlorine at room temperasture.
 Potassium, rubidium and caesium react vigorously with all the halogens,
forming metal halides.
2M + Cl2 → 2MCl

 The chlorides are all white solids at room temperature, and dissolve in water
to make a neutral solution.
 The reaction with chlorine is similar in appearance to the reaction of the
Group 1 metals with oxygen.
 For example, sodium burns with brilliant yellow flame in chlorine in exactly
the same way that it does in pure oxygen.
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) →2NaCl(s)

 The reactions get more vigorous going down the group.

Potassium superoxide (KO2) has a very interesting use in breathing equipment for mountaineers
and in space craft. It has the ability to absorb carbon dioxide while giving out oxygen at the same time.
4KO2 + 2CO2 → 2K2CO3 + 3O2

Reactions of group IIA with H2O, O2 and N2:

 Reaction of Group IIA elements with Water:
 The alkaline earth metals form the normal oxides of MO type which are
obtained by heating the metal in O2.
 BeO is amphoteric while other oxides are basic in character.
 BeO and MgO are quite insoluble in H2O while H2O CaO, SrO and BaO react
with H2O to give soluble hydroxides, M(OH)2which are strong bases.
 BeO is covalent which other oxide are ionic.
Calcium sinks in water and reacts with cold water to give its hydroxide and H2 gas.
Strontium and Barium react vigorously with water with effervescence forming their soluble
hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
M + 2H2O →M (OH)2 + H2

 Reaction of Group IIA elements with Oxygen:

 Alkaline earth metals also react with oxygen, though not as rapidly as Group 1
metals.
These reactions also require heating.
Reactivity increases down the group.
 Be is stable in normal air but oxidized rapidly at 800 oC.
800𝑜 𝐶
Be + O2 → BeO
𝛥
Mg + O2 → MgO
𝛥
Mg + N2 → Mg3N2
  Reaction of Group IIA elements with N2:
 Group II-A elements react with nitrogen on heating giving nitrides.
 The nitrides hydrolyse vigorously when treated with water, giving ammonia and
the respective hydroxides.
 Be3N2is volatile while the nitrides of other alkaline earth metals are non-volatile.
6M + 4N2 → 2M3N2

Test yourself:
The oxide which is used by mountaineers to absorb CO2 and released oxygen:
A) BeO B) BaO C) Na2O2 D) KO2

Reactions of group IIIA with H2O, O2 and Cl2:

 Reaction of IIIA elements with H2O:
2B + 3H2O (steam) → B2O3 + 3H2
 Group IIIA elements do not readily react with atmospheric oxygen but when heated,
they form oxides (M2O3) which are readily reduced back to the free metal.
 They react with halogens to form halides (MX3)
 Aluminium foil on heating in dry chlorine form AlCl3.
 If the aluminium powder is heated to 800°C and above, the metal will react with air to
form aluminium oxide, Al2O3, and aluminium nitride, AIN. Do you know?
Because of the ability of
aluminum to combine with both
oxygen and nitrogen, the metal
is often used to remove air
bubbles from molten metals.
.
Boron does not react with water but reacts with steam at a high temperature.
2B(s) + 3H2O(g) →B2O3(s) + 3H2O(g)
Aluminium does not react with water due to protective oxide layer on its surface.
Thallium forms thallium hydroxide in moist air in presence of oxygen.
Tl + 2H2O + O2 →4TlOH
 Reactions with oxygen:

All the elements of group IIIA react with oxygen at a high temperature to produce trioxides
with the formula M₂O₃, except Thallium, which forms monoxides with formula Tl₂O.
4M(s)+O2(g)→
2M2O
Reactivity of Group IIIA elements increases down the group.

Boron is unreactive towards oxygen in crystalline form but reacts in finely divided amorphous
state to form B₂O₃.
 Reaction of Group IIIA with Chlorine:
 Assessment11
Assessment
1. 1.Which
Which of the
of the following
following is true
is true aboutaboutthethe melting
melting point
point andand boiling
boiling point?
point?
a. a.
MPMP andandBP BP
telltell about
about thethe strength
strength of forces
of forces present.
present.
rd rd
b. b.
IVAIVA group
group elements
elements in 3in period
3 period hashas higher
higher melting
melting point
point in the
in the period
period
c. c.Zero
Zero
groupgroup elements
elements havehave lowest
lowest mpmp andandbp bp in the
in the period.
period.
d. d.
All All of these
of these
2. The high melting
2. The high melting point point of group
of group IVAIVA is attributed
is attributed to: to:
a. a.
MoreMoreno no of binding
of binding electrons.
electrons.
b. b.
MoreMoreno no of free
of free electrons
electrons
c. c.Giant
Giant covalent
covalent structure
structure
d. d.
BothBoth
a anda and
c c
3. 3.Which
Which of the
of the following
following hashas greater
greater standard
standard oxidation
oxidation potential?
potential?
a. a.
K K
b. b.
Rb Rb
c. c.Cs Cs
d. d.
All All
have have
samesame
4. 4.
TheThe alkali
alkali metal
metal having
having lessless hydration
hydration energy
energy (eV/ion):
(eV/ion):
a. a.
Na Na
b. b.
K K
c. c.Rb Rb
d. d.
Cs Cs
5. 5.According
According to Pauling
to Pauling scale,
scale, thethe electronegativity
electronegativity of lithium
of lithium is: is:
a. a.
4.04.0
b. b.
0.7 0.7
c. c.1.01.0
d. d.
3.5 3.5
6. 6. There
There is gradual
is gradual increase
increase in the
in the density
density of alkali
of alkali metals
metals withwith increase
increase in atomic
in atomic size.
size. But
But there is an unusual character shown by
there is an unusual character shown by the following element: the following element:
a. a.
Cs Cs
b. b.
Na Na
c. c.K K
d. d.
Rb Rb
7. 7.TheThe origin
origin of flame
of flame testtest given
given by sodium
by sodium is due
is due to the
to the following
following process:
process:
a. a. Energy
Energy absorb
absorb to remove
to remove thethe electron
electron
b. b. Energy
Energy released
released on on addition
addition of electron
of electron
c. c.Excitation
Excitation of electron
of electron
d. d. Complete
Complete transfer
transfer of electron
of electron
 8. 8.TheThe following
following alkali
alkali metal
metal reacts
reacts moremore vigorously
vigorously with
with water
water is: is:
a. a. Sodium
Sodium
b. b. Potassium
Potassium
c. c.Rubidium
Rubidium
d. d. Cesium
Cesium
9. 9.TheThe alkali
alkali metals
metals areare extremely
extremely softsoft
andand readily
readily fusible
fusible except:
except:
a. a.Li Li
b. b.Na Na
c. c.K K
d. d.Rb Rb
10. 10. Potassium
Potassium is the
is the alkali
alkali which
which is usually
is usually kept
kept in: in:
a. a. Ethanol
Ethanol
b. b. Water
Water
c. c.Kerosene
Kerosene

Key:

1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. C
6. C 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
 Assessment22
Assessment
1. 1.Which
Which of the
of the following
following statement
statement account
account truetrue
forfor alkali
alkali metals?
metals?
a. a.Cation
Cation is less
is less stable
stable than thanthethe corresponding
corresponding neutral
neutral atomatom
b. b.Cation
Cation is smaller
is smaller thanthan thethe corresponding
corresponding neutral
neutral atomatom
c. c.Size Size of cation
of cation andand corresponding
corresponding atomatom is the
is the samesame
d. d.Cation
Cation is greater
is greater in size
in size than than
thethe corresponding
corresponding neutral
neutral atomatom
2. 2.Sodium
Sodium reactsreacts
more more quickly
quickly with with water
water thanthan lithium
lithium duedue to the
to the following
following reason:
reason:
a. a.Its Its molecular
molecular weight
weight is less
is less
b. b.It isItstronger
is stronger electronegative
electronegative
c. c.It isItstronger
is stronger electropositive
electropositive
d. d.It isItaismetal
a metal
3. 3.Which
Which of the
of the following
following is not
is not true true about
about thethe alkali
alkali metals?
metals?
a. a.Alkali
Alkali metals
metals havehave
only onlyoneone electron
electron in sinorbital
s orbital of their
of their valence
valence shells.
shells.
b. b.Alkali
Alkali metals
metals formformmono mono positive
positive ion.ion.
c. c.Alkali
Alkali metals
metals havehave
high high ionization
ionization energy.
energy.
d. d.Alkali
Alkali metals
metals formformionicionic compounds
compounds andand showshow +1 oxidation
+1 oxidation state
state
4. 4.Which
Which of the
of the following
following shows
shows anomalous
anomalous properties
properties in group
in group IA the
IA of of the modern
modern periodic
periodic
table? table?
a. a.Li Li
b. b.NaNa
c. c.K K
5. 5.TheThe alkali
alkali metalmetal normally
normally forming
forming normal
normal oxide
oxide on on burning
burning in air
in air is: is:
a. a.Li Li
b. b.NaNa
c. c.K K
d. d.All All of these
of these
6. 6.TheThe following
following oxideoxide is formed
is formed by bythethe direct
direct reaction
reaction of metal
of metal with
with oxygen:
oxygen:
a. a.Li2O Li2O
b. b.NaNa 2O 2
O
c. c.K2O K2O
d. d.None None of these
of these
7. 7.Which
Which of the
of the following
following accounts
accounts goodgood reason
reason forfor
thethe reducing
reducing property
property of alkali
of alkali metal?
metal?
a. They are highly electropositive
b. a.They Theyhave arehigh
highly electropositive
electron affinity
c. b.Both Theya andhaveb high electron affinity
d. c.None Both of athese
and b
d. None of these
 8. 8.
TheThe alkali
alkali metal
metal whenwhen exposed
exposed to oxygen
to oxygen in in
in air airpresence
in presence of moisture,
of moisture, (A) (A) is
is formed
formed
which whenwhich whenwith
combines combines
carbonwith carbon
dioxide dioxide
in the in the atmosphere
atmosphere to form (B).
to form compound
compound
What are A and(B).
B? What are A and B?
a. a. Oxide
Oxide andand bicarbonate
bicarbonate
b. b. Hydroxide
Hydroxide andand carbonate
carbonate
c. c. Hydroxide
Hydroxide andand bicarbonate
bicarbonate
d. d. Oxide
Oxide andand carbonate
carbonate
9. 9. Which
Which of the
of the following
following pairpair of alkali
of alkali metal
metal form form oxide
oxide in which
in which oxidation
oxidation number
number of of
1 1
is (−
is (−
oxygen
oxygen )? )?
2 2
a. a. Li and
Li and Na Na
b. b.
Na Na
andandK K
c. c. Li and
Li and Rb Rb
d. d. K and
K and Rb Rb
10. 10. Which
Which of the
of the following
following statement
statement is not
is not correct
correct about
about beryllium?
beryllium?
a. a. Beryllium
Beryllium is the
is the least
least reactive
reactive metal.
metal.
b. b. It oxidizes
It oxidizes completely
completely in at
in air airordinary
at ordinary temperature
temperature to form
to form BeOBeO
c. c. It soon
It soon losesloses
thethe silver
silver appearance
appearance on oxidation
on oxidation in air.
in air.
d. d.
NoneNone of these
of these

1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. B
 Assessment33
Assessment
1. 1.
TheThe compounds
compounds which
which areare formed
formed when when magnesium
magnesium is burnt
is burnt in presence
in presence of oxygen:
of oxygen:
a. a. Magnesium
Magnesium oxide
oxide
b. b. Magnesium
Magnesium nitride
nitride
c. c. Magnesium
Magnesium carbonate
carbonate
d. d.
bothboth a and
a and b b
2. 2. Which
Which of the
of the following
following oxides
oxides of alkali
of alkali metals
metals react
react withwith water
water to give
to give H2OH22and
O2 and O2
O2 gas?
gas?
a. Normal oxide of alkali metals
b. a. Normal
Peroxide ofoxide
alkaliof alkali metals
metals
c. b. Peroxideof
Superoxide ofalkali
alkalimetals
metals
d. c.
BothSuperoxide
b and c of alkali metals
d. the
3. Which of Both b and c statement corresponds to sodium when compared with
following
3. Which of the following statement corresponds to sodium when compared with
potassium:
potassium:
a. Lower melting point
b. a. Lower
Lower melting point
electronegativity
c. b. Lower
Larger electronegativity
atomic radius
c. Larger atomic radius
d. Higher ionization energy
d. Higher
4. The flame ionizationby
colour imparted energy
Ba is:
4. The flame colour
a. Golden yellow imparted by Ba is:
b. a. Golden
Crimson redyellow
c. b. Crimson
Apple greenred
d. c. Apple
Brick red green
5. Which ofd.the
Brick red elements does not belong to alkaline earth?
following
5. Which
a. Be of the following elements does not belong to alkaline earth?
b. a.
Ba Be
c. b.
Ra Ba
d. c.
Rn Ra
d. Rnof an alkali metal oxide with water is the type of reaction:
6. The reaction
6. The reaction of an alkali metal oxide with water is the type of reaction:
a. Acid-base reaction
a. Acid-base reaction
b. Redox reaction
b. Redox reaction
c. Addition reaction
c. Addition reaction
d. Dehydration reaction
d. Dehydration reaction
7. Which of the following oxide is used in breathing equipments for mountaineer?
7. Which
a. Naof the following oxide is used in breathing equipments for mountaineer?
2O
a. Na O
b. H2O2 2
b. H O
c. K2O22 2
c. K O
d. KO2 2 2
d. KO2
 8. 8. Potassium
Potassium superoxide
superoxide usedused in breathing
in breathing equipments
equipments by mountaineers
by mountaineers because
because it: it:
a. a. It absorbs
It absorbs carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide gasgas
b. b. It absorbs
It absorbs thethe whole
whole air air
c. c.It absorbs
It absorbsthethe oxygen
oxygen gasgas
d. d. It absorbs
It absorbs helium
helium gasgas
9. 9. Which
Which of the
of the following
following is the
is the characteristic
characteristic of the
of the reaction
reaction in which
in which superoxide
superoxide of
of alkali
alkali
metal metal
reacts reacts
with with water?
water?
a. a.It isItstrongly
is strongly exothermic
exothermic reaction.
reaction.
b. b. Oxygen
Oxygen may may
alsoalso be given
be given in the
in the reaction.
reaction.
c. c.Reaction
Reaction is violent
is violent
d. d.All All of these
of these
10. 10.
TheThe following
following cation
cation polarize
polarize chloride
chloride moremore effectively:
effectively:
a. a.Li Li
b. b.Na Na
c. c.K K
d. d.Rb Rb

1. D 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D
6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A
 Assessment44
Assessment
1. 1.Which
Which of the
of the following
following hashas
lessless value
value of 1of 1st ionization
st ionization energy?
energy?
a. a.
Ra Ra
b. b.
Ba Ba
c. c.Sr Sr
d. d.
Ca Ca
2. 2.
TheThe atomic
atomic property
property which
which is measured
is measured in Pauling
in Pauling scale
scale is: is:
a. a. Ionization
Ionization energy
energy
b. b. Electronegativity
Electronegativity
c. c.Electron
Electron affinity
affinity
d. d. Shielding
Shielding effect
effect
3. 3.In the
In the following
following graph,
graph, which
which of the
of the alkaline
alkaline earthearth metals
metals appear
appear to have
to have same
same
electronegativity
electronegativity values?
values?

a. a.Be Be
andand
Ca Ca
b. b.MgMg an Ca
an Ca
c. c.Ca and
Ca and
Sr Sr
d. d. Sr and
Sr and Ba Ba
4. 4.
TheThe exceptional
exceptional lowlow boiling
boiling point
point is observed
is observed for for
thethe following
following alkaline
alkaline earth
earth metal
metal in
theinfollowing
the following bar graph:
bar graph:

a. a.
Be Be
b. b.
MgMg
c. c.Ca Ca
d. d.
Sr Sr
 5. 5.TheThe interionic
interionic distance
distance ‘R’ ‘R’
in aincrystal
a crystal lattice
lattice of potassium
of potassium chloride
chloride is : is :
(r+ (r = 133pm
= +133pm andand
r- =r181)
- = 181)

a. a.133133 pmpm
b. b.181181 pmpm
c. c.314314 pmpm
d. 52 pmpm
d. 52
6. 6.Which
Which of the
of the following
following hashas highest
highest ionization
ionization energy?
energy?
a. a.Carbon
Carbon
b. b.BoronBoron
c. c.Oxygen
Oxygen
d. d.Nitrogen
Nitrogen
7. 7.TheThe elements
elements of which
of which of the
of the following
following show
show abnormal
abnormal trendtrend in ionization
in ionization energy
energy of
of the
the modern
modern periodic periodic
table: table:
a. a.IIIAIIIA
b. b.VIAVIA
c. c.IIAIIA
d. d.Both Both b and
b and c c
8. 8.Which
Which of the
of the following
following is not
is not thethe absolute
absolute termterm of the
of the element?
element?
a. a.Atomic
Atomic sizesize
b. b.Electronegativity
Electronegativity
c. c.Ionization
Ionization energy
energy
d. d.Electron
Electron affinity
affinity
o
9. 9.At At
800800 o C, aluminium
C, aluminium reacts
reacts withwith normal
normal air air to produce:
to produce:
a. a.Al2AlO32O3
b. b.AlNAlN
c. c.Al(OH)
Al(OH)3 3
d. Both
d. Both a and a andb b
10.10.
TheThe element
element which
which is non
is non metallic
metallic in nature
in nature in group
in group IIIAIIIA
is? is?
a. a.B B
b. b.Al Al
c. c.GaGa
d. d.Tl Tl

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C
6. D 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A
 Key
Assessment 1
1. D
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. A
10 C

Assessment 2
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. D
9. D
10. B
 Key
Assessment 3

1. D
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. D
10. A

Assessment 4
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. D
10. A