9

Science
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Week 1, Projectile Motion (Part I)
Quarter 4 - Module 1: Projectile Motion (Part I)
Second Edition, Revised 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has
been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Division of Cebu City

Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Ed.D.

Development Team of the Module

Writer:
Jessa Mochielo Amil - Gorres, Master Teacher I - Pardo National High School

Cover Photo Artist: Jay Torrejano Hibalay

Content Editors:
Mr. Neil Andrian A. Angtud, School Head - Sinsin National High School
Mrs. Arnolfa A. Demellites, Principal I - Sirao Integrated School
Dr. Florenda G. Yap, Master Teacher II & Assistant Principal I - Apas National HS

Language Editor:
Mrs. Wilma Y. Villaflor, Principal III, Don Vicente Rama Mem. ES

Management Team:
Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS - SCIENCE
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS - LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education Division of Cebu City ROVII
Office Address: New Imus Road Barangay Day - as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos: (032) 255 - 1516 / (032) 253 - 9095
E - mail Address: [email protected]
 Lesson
Projectile Motion (Part I)
1
What I Need to Know

Through this module, you will learn how to solve problems dealing with two -
dimensional motion as in Projectile Motion.

Learning Competency:

Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile. (S9FE-IVa-34)

At the end of module 1, you will be able to:

1. Explain the motion of a projectile;

2. Calculate the horizontal and vertical distances traveled by a projectile; and
3. Compute the time of flight of a projectile.

What I Know

Let us check what you already know about projectile motion.

Pre - Assessment

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What kind of path is followed by a sepak takraw that is kicked from a height of two meters?
A. circular B. linear C. hyperbolic D. parabolic

2. Which of the following forces acts on objects in projectile motion?

A. friction C. air resistance
B. gravity D. applied force

3. Which refers to the horizontal distance covered by a projectile?

A. displacement B. height C. range D. trajectory

4. What will happen to a projectile launched at an angle if there is no gravity?

A. It will remain at rest. C. It will follow a straight path upward.
B. It will still follow a curved path. D. Its velocity will increase as it moves upward.

5. As the projectile moves upward, what happens to its velocity?

A. decreases C. remains the same
B. increases D. increases then decreases

1|Page
6-7. Which of the following characteristics describe the motion along the horizontal
component of a projectile launched at an angle?
A. zero acceleration C. constant acceleration
B. increasing velocity D. equal distances covered

8-9. Which of the following characteristics describe the motion along the vertical
component of a projectile launched at an angle?
A. zero acceleration C. constant acceleration
B. increasing velocity D. equal distances covered

10. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about projectile motion?
A. Horizontal velocity of projectiles is constant.
B. Both horizontal and vertical velocities are constant.
C. The motion of the projectile released vertically downward is accelerated.
D. It is a combination of two independent motions - horizontal and vertical.

11. Which of the following is NOT an example of projectile motion?

A. a baseball hit by a bat C. a volleyball served over a net
B. a long jumper in action D. a hot - air balloon drifting toward Earth

12. Which of the following is the motion of objects moving in two dimensions under the
influence of gravity?
A. hyperbola B. parabola C. circular motion D. projectile motion

13. What do you call an object with an initial velocity and whose path is determined by the
effects of gravity and air resistance?
A. parabola B. projectile C. range D. trajectory

For numbers 14 and 15, refer to the given problem.

Jay is standing outside the Physics laboratory 8m from the wall. Ben, by a window 6m
above the ground, tosses a ball horizontally.

14. How long will it take for the ball to reach Jay’s hand?
A. 0.97 s B. 1.11 s C. 2.11 s D. 2.54 s

15. At what speed, should Ben toss the ball for it to reach Jay?
A. 7.21 m/s B. 7.47 m/s C. 8.31 m/s D. 8.57 m/s

What’s In

“Oh, the places you’ll go! There is fun to be done! There are points to be scored. There
are games to be won. And the magical things you can do with that ball will make you the
winning - est winner of all.” - Dr. Seuss

Many neighborhood games you play and sporting events you join and/or officiate in
MAPEH classes involve flying objects or balls.

2|Page
 What’s New

Can you recall your recent basketball or volleyball game? If you are to tell how the ball
is moving when the player makes a volley, how would you describe it?

Figure 1. A basketball player needs to throw the ball Figure 2. Another example of a projectile is
at the correct angle and speed to shoot a ball passed on to the other side.
ball and score points. Photo credits: Jessa Mochielo A. Gorres
Photo credits: Jay Torrejano Hibalay

What is It

You might describe that the ball is moving horizontally from one player to another.
However, you would notice that the ball does not follow a straight path from you to your
opponent. The ball traces a curved (parabolic) line in the air which is known as trajectory. At
the same time, the ball is moving horizontally; it is also moving vertically due to the effect of
gravity. What is going on here? The ball is undergoing a projectile motion.

A projectile is an object that is initially thrown into the air and continues to move on its
trajectory acted upon by gravity. You will understand what is happening to the projectile by
analyzing its velocity as it travels its trajectory. The maximum horizontal displacement of a
projectile from its point of release is its range.

Not only balls fly when in projectile motion. Have you noticed that in many sports and
games, players come “flying” too? Understanding motion in two - dimensions will help you
apply the physics of sports and enhance game events experiences.

3|Page
 What’s More

Learning Task 1: Curve me on an incline - Part I

Objectives:

Capture a full trajectory of projectile motion on an inclined surface; and

Investigate the relationships between the projection angle, the height, the range and the
time of travel of a projectile.

Materials:

Projectiles: marble or jackstone, soda/water plastic bottle cap, fine powder (e.g., face
powder or flour on low container)

Projectile launcher: retractable pen preferably HBW Matrix pen, sticky tape, pair of scissors
and 2 popsicle sticks

Inclined surface: 1/8 illustration board (10” x 15”) on cookie baking sheet or cookie baking
sheet (13” x 17”) alone, 4 books ( 1” thick) for 200 incline and weight
support

Table top Protractor Pencil Tissue paper

Ruler or tape measure

Procedure:

I. Linear horizontal motion

Use the pen to move the marble horizontally along the table top. (See that the
depressed end of the pen will hit the object about the center.) Observe the motion. Sketch and
label the velocity - time and the acceleration - time graphs on the axes below.

4|Page
II. Linear motion down an incline

Release a ball on an inclined board. Sketch and label the velocity - time and the
acceleration - time graphs on the axes below.

What will happen to the horizontal distances of the trajectory if the board is inclined at
90° that is now totally vertical?

III. Two - dimensional motion on air

Launching Bottle Caps Horizontally

1. Use the modified retractable pen to launch a bottle cap horizontally five to ten times from
heights, h of 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m and 2.0 m.

Figure 3. Displacement of horizontally launched plastic bottle cap from a height.

Note the place on the floor where the plastic bottle cap lands. Measure and record the
projectile’s horizontal distance from this spot up to the point on the floor that is exactly below
the release location of the bottle cap. Record as range.

2. Repeat step 1 and complete Tables 1a and 1b below.

5|Page
Safety check: Ensure that the trajectories are free from obstructions and the person assigned
to launch the plastic cap is tall enough for the 2.0 m release height. If standing on a table or
a chair, assign another member to hold the table/chair in place.

Table 1a. Range of horizontally - launched plastic bottle cap from different heights
Height of Fall, Range, R (m) Average Range,
h (m) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 R (m)
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00

1. At which height of fall is the average range the longest? shortest?

A projectile like the bottle cap moves freely through the air with a constant horizontal
velocity vx and accelerates vertically the same as that of a freely falling object. The horizontal
and vertical positions of the horizontally projected bottle cap can be described by the equations

x = vx t and respectively, where h is taken to be negative, being a displacement

below the point of release and ag is -9.8m/s2. The times for the horizontal motion and vertical
motion are equal.

Table 1b. Calculated time of fall of horizontally - launched plastic bottle cap

Calculated Time of Fall, tcalc (s) Square of Calculated Average Height of

Time of Fall, Range, Fall,
tcalc2 (s2) R (m) h (m)

0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00

2. At which height of fall is the calculated time of fall the longest? shortest?

In the previous task, the concept checks on horizontal uniform velocity motion and
vertical uniform acceleration motion in one dimension should serve as reminder that all
projectiles regardless of its path will always follow these principles:

1. Projectiles always maintain a constant horizontal velocity (neglecting air resistance).

2. Projectiles always experience a constant acceleration along the axis where the constant
net force is directed. There is a constant vertical acceleration of 9.8 m/s2, downward
(Neglecting air resistance) for projectiles on air.

3. The horizontal and “vertical” motions are completely independent of each other. Therefore,
horizontal and vertical motion can be treated separately.

6|Page
 For the third principle, what can be done to show the independence of the two
components of projectile motion? Considering horizontal and vertical components separately
is important when solving projectile exercises and investigating real life applications.

And yes, there are other examples of motion in two dimensions. Projectile motion is
only one example.

Do the next task to explore the idea that projectile trajectories can be matched.

Learning Task 2: Curve a like

Objective:
Set a ball in projectile motion to match pre - drawn parabolic trajectories.

Materials:
Chalk or marker 2 whole sheets of Manila paper
Small ball or round object safe to throw (e. g. tennis ball, sepak takraw)

Procedure:

1. Match-a-curve.
a. Draw a rough parabola by sketching vertical and horizontal lines on a Manila paper and
throw the ball similar to the Figure 4 below.

Figure 4. Matching Trajectory A to a half parabola.

Questions:

1. In what direction or orientation did you throw the ball?

2. How would you describe the ball’s path and motion?

3. How many tries did you make to match the curved paths?

b. Draw a box at the bottom end of the parabola. Throw again the ball with the box as the
target.

4. How many tries did you make before you matched the curves this time?

5. What does this tell you regarding visuals or imaginary targets in sports?

2. What a curve-a-throw!

a. On another Manila paper, draw a complete parabola and throw the ball similar to the

7|Page
 Figure 5 below.

Figure 5. Matching trajectory B to a complete parabola

6. In what direction or orientation did you throw the ball?

7. How would you describe the ball’s path and motion?

8. Aside from doing more trials or “practices”, for this parabola where will you place the
imaginary target to aim at for better matching results?

9. Based on the activity, is it possible that the ball will end at a higher elevation than its starting
level?

10. What force got the ball projected?

11. What force continues to act on the ball when it is in mid - air?

3. Of curves . . .

a. The drawn curved graphs on the paper are parabolic curves. Similarly, trajectories A
and B are also parabolic curves.

12. How will you compare or contrast the horizontal and vertical spacing?

13. What does the spacing in the set of vertical lines indicate about the vertical displacement
and vertical velocity of the projectile motion?

4. . .. and arrows.

The displacement đ, and velocity ṽ, are vector quantities. Projectile motion can be
understood by analyzing the horizontal and the vertical components of the displacement and
velocity which add as vectors.

Recall that vectors are quantities with magnitude and direction. And any vector
can be represented by a vector arrow, the length of which corresponds to the magnitude,
while the arrow point in the direction of the vector quantity.

For a horizontally projected object, the displacement and velocity vector have both
magnitude and direction that you can separate into

8|Page
Table 2. Kinematic Equations for Projectile Motion

Vertical displacements and velocities are taken positive upward and negative downward from
the point of release while the ag = 9.8 m/s2, downward.

Sample Problem

A marble is thrown horizontally from a table top with a velocity of 1.50 m/s. The marble falls
0.70 m away from the table’s edge.

How high is the lab table?

What is the marble’s velocity just before it hits the floor?

9|Page
Before you can find the height of the lab table, you must determine first how long the marble
is in mid - air. For the horizontal distance travelled, this equation will be used.

Now that you know the time it took the marble to fall to the ground, you can find the vertical
distance it travelled in the same time.

The direction of the velocity is determined using the tangent trigonometric function.

In some projectile problems, there is also a need to find the magnitudes of the motion
components using trigonometry as shown below.

Figure 7. Finding the components of a vector using trigonometric functions.

10 | P a g e
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Compute for what is asked and write your solutions on a sheet of paper.

1. A bomb is dropped from an airplane 344 m above the ground. If air resistance is neglected,
how long will it take to reach the ground?

2. A soldier fired his gun horizontally from the top of an 80 - m building with a velocity of 400
m/s. Neglecting air friction, how far from the base of the building will the bullet land?

What I Can Do

Directions: Analyze the given situation and write your answer on a sheet of paper.

Two coins are arranged near the edge of a table so that

one is nearer the edge than the other as shown in the
figure. With a finger, give the inner coin a quick push
towards the edge of a table. Which coin fell first? Is it
possible that the two coins will fall at the same time?
Why or why not?

Figure 8. Two coins are arranged near the edge of a table.

Photo credits: Gleenford Lapetaje Gorres

Assessment

Post Assessment
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Suppose a ping pong ball is tossed. When the ball reaches the highest point, which
statement about the ball’s velocity and acceleration is true?
A. Both its velocity and its acceleration are zero.
B. Neither its velocity nor its acceleration is zero.
C. Its velocity is zero and its acceleration is not zero.
D. Its velocity is not zero and its acceleration is zero.

11 | P a g e
2. Which refers to the curved path followed by the projectile?
A. displacement B. height C. range D. trajectory

3. Which of the following forces is neglected in projectile motion?

A. friction B. gravity C. air resistance D. applied force

4. Two balls, identical except for color, are projected horizontally from the elevated stage at
the same time. The initial speed of the pink ball is twice the initial speed of the violet ball.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT ignoring air resistance?

A. The pink ball reaches the ground first.

B. The violet ball reaches the ground first.
C. Both balls land at the same instant with the same speed.
D. Both balls land at the same instant with different speeds.

5-6. Suppose you have two marbles on hand. Marble A was dropped from the edge of the
table while the marble B was thrown horizontally with an initial velocity from the same
height as the first one. Which of the following statements are TRUE about the motion of
both marbles?

A. Marble A will hit the floor first.

B. Both marbles will strike the floor at the same time.
C. Both marbles will experience the same acceleration.
D. Marble B will experience a larger acceleration than Marble A.

7. A rescue plane drops a box of relief goods to the flood survivors. The plane is travelling
horizontally at 42 m/s at a height of 0.120km above the ground. Where will the box hit the
ground relative to the initial position where it was released?
A. 1.03 m B. 6.57 m C. 207.85 m D. 1028.57 m

8. A baseball is thrown in the air and follows a parabolic trajectory. Point A is the maximum
height while point B is the point just before the ball hits the ground. If air resistance is
neglected, which of the following displays the CORRECT relationship between the speeds
and the acceleration at those two points?

A. vA<vB and aA=aB C. vA<vB and aA>aB

B. vA>vB and aA=aB D. vA=vB and aA<aB

9. Which of the following is an example of projectile motion?

A. a jet lifting off a runway
B. a space shuttle orbiting Earth
C. a bullet being fired from a gun
D. dropping an aluminum can into the recycling bin

10. A bullet is fired horizontally from a gun. At the same time and from the same height,
a bullet is dropped. If we neglect the effects of air resistance, how will the time the
two bullets spend in the air compare?

A. There is not enough information to determine this.

B. The bullet that is fired will spend less time in the air, hitting the ground first.
C. Both bullets will spend the same amount of time in the air, hitting at the same
time.
D. The bullet that is fired will spend longer in the air, hitting the ground after the
dropped bullet.

12 | P a g e
11. A model rocket flies horizontally off the edge of the cliff at a velocity of 50.0 m/s. If the
canyon below is 100.0 m deep, how far from the edge of the cliff does the model rocket
land?
A. 112 m B. 225 m C. 337 m D. 400 m

For numbers 12 - 15, refer to the given problem.

A rock is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff 88 m high, with a horizontal speed
of 25 m/s.

12. For what interval of time is the rock in the air?

A. 4.24 s B. 4.29 s C. 5.24 s D. 5.29 s

13. How far from the base of the cliff does the rock land?
A. 106 m B. 108 m C. 110 m D. 112 m

14. With what velocity does the rock hit?

A. 47.49 m/s B. 48.49 m/s C. 49.48 m/s D. 50.49 m/s

15. What is the direction of velocity?

A. 48.97° above the horizontal C. 58.97° below the horizontal
B. 49.97° above the horizontal D. 59.97° below the horizontal

References

Printed:

Aquino, Marites D. et.al. 2012. Worktext in Science and Technology SCIENCE LINKS -
Physics. REX Book Store, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines
Arevalo, Ryan L. 2017. STEM General Physics 1. DIWA Learning Systems Inc. Makati City,
Philippines
Navaza, Delia C. & Valdes, Bienvenido J. 1996. Physics. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Quezon City, Philippines
Santos, Gil Nonato C. et. al. 2014.Worktext in Science and Technology SCIENCE LINKS.REX
Book Store. Manila Philippines
SCIENCE 9 LEARNING MATERIALS Unit 4 Module 1 (pages 1 - 5, 17 - 30, 46 - 48 & 50)
SCIENCE 9 TEACHERS’ GUIDE Unit 4 Module 1 (page 1, 7 - 13, 15 - 23 & 27 - 28)

Electronic:

https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ffaf7d2b76d000200231c/curriculum#curriculum 5/22/21
https://www.crosbyisd.org/cms/lib6/TX02216626/Centricity/Domain/263/ExamView_Projectile_Motion_.pdf 5/23/21
https://www.johnbowne.org/ourpages/auto/2018/10/21/57521302/Projectile%20Motion%20Multiple%20
Choice%20Answer%20KEY.pdf 5/23/21

13 | P a g e
 14 | P a g e
What’s More
Learning Task 1: Curve me on an incline - Part I
Answers to Questions
1. The average range is longest for the highest drop at 2 m and shortest at a 0.5 m height of fall.
2. The calculated time of fall is the longest for the highest drop at 2 m and shortest at a 0.5 m height of fall.
Answer Key
 15 | P a g e
What I Have Learned
1. t = 8.38 s 2. t = 4.04 s and dx = 1, 616 m
What’s More
Learning Task 2: Curve a like
Answers to Questions
1. The ball was thrown horizontally from the top.
2. The ball’s path is curved downwards similar to the drawn graph. At the start, it moved horizontally forward but
as it moved forward, it also moved downward.
3. Depends on your throwing skills.
4. Depends on your throwing skills, but predictably lesser tries than before because of the visual goal.
5. Aiming at visual goals makes practice easier and results in better approximations of flight.
6. The ball was thrown upward from the bottom left at an angle from horizontal.
7. The ball moved up in a curved path until it reached a maximum height and then it moved downward still following
the curved path.
8. It is best to have an imaginary target at the top of the curve rather than anywhere else along the parabola.
9. In both throws the balls always end up on a lower elevation. It is not possible that the ball will end at a higher
elevation than its starting level.
10. The initial push from the throw.
11. The force of gravity acted at all times on the ball.
12. The spacing between horizontal lines is equal unlike the spacing between vertical lines which
increases by the square of a span/unit.
13. The increasing distance between vertical lines indicate that the vertical motion is accelerated due to
gravity.
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Cebu City Division

Office Address: New Imus Road Barangay Day - as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (032) 255 - 1516 / (032) 253 - 9095
E-mail Address: [email protected]

16 | P a g e