1.

shorts
a. What is stress management?
● Stress is a mental reaction to our body’s experiences due to a
demanding circumstance or event requiring immediate attention.
● This reaction initiates our nervous system to produce adrenaline and
cortisol hormones and release them in our blood system; gradually, it
suppresses the functions of our immune, digestive, and reproductive
systems.
● Stress management is a process that helps an individual to control
stress levels by practising self-care relaxation and also imparts some
techniques to handle stress when it occurs. It is a “set of techniques
and programs intended to help people to deal more effectively with
stress in their lives by analysing the specific stressors and taking
positive actions to minimise their effect”

b. What are hard skills and give a few examples?

Hard skills are technical skills required for a job. They are learned abilities
acquired and enhanced through education and experience. Hard skills are
important for your resume, as employers look for them when hiring. Hard
skills alone don’t translate into success, as employees also need other skills,
such as soft skills. Unlike soft skills, hard skills can be quantified. For
example, a hard skill might be proficiency in a second language, while a soft
skill could be the ability to work well on a team.

Example - Accounting is a profession that requires a relatively rigid set of

hard skills. Proficiency in the Microsoft Office suite, especially Excel, is a
given. Familiarity with industry-specific software, such as tax preparation
software and Intuit’s QuickBooks, is also required.

c. What do you mean by analytical listening and appreciative listening?

Appreciative listening means we are listening for pleasure. Examples include

when we are tuning our attention into a song we like, a poetry reading, actors
in a play, or sitcom antics on television. Appreciative Listening is a way of
listening where someone enthusiastically searches for the auditory
information that a person personally appreciates or likes. In this type of
listening, a person appreciates others for achieving the goal of meeting the
need. For instance, people use appreciative listening while listening to good
music, meditation, seminars, poetry, audiobooks, and listening to a speech.

Analytical listening is focused more on the interpretation and meaning of the

actual sound. The message of the song and even the way a vocal line has
been delivered, share common traits of analytical listening. Understanding the
mood that the song is setting out to portray is another analytical listening trait.
For instance, an up-tempo rock song is going to give off a particular feel to the
audience, whereas a softer acoustic ballad will portray a different feeling
altogether. Although this concept is explained as a separate entity, it is not
 uncommon for both of these practices to happen simultaneously and most
times subconsciously.
d. Give a few soft skills for an academic setting
● Leadership
● Interpersonal skills
● Adaptability
● Communication skills
● Problem solving
● Time management
e. Differences between hard skills and soft skills

Soft skills Hard Skills

● Personality ● Technical knowledge

traits,habits,people/life required to do the job
skills
● It is not specific to any ● Job specific
particular job, but
essential for every job
● “Who people are” ● “What they know”
● Emotional Quotient ● Intelligence Quotient
● Non Quantifiable Skills ● Quantifiable skills

2. Long
a. Mention learning styles and strategies
● Learning styles can be defined as general approaches that students
use in learning any subject or acquiring a language
○ Different types
■ Visual or spatial learners
■ Auditory or musical learners
■ Physical/ kinesthetic/ tactile learners
■ Social or interpersonal learners
■ Solitary or intrapersonal learners
■ Verbal or linguistic learners
■ Logical or Mathematical learners
● Learning strategies are the ways in which students learn, remember
information, and study for tests. They refer to the actions and
behaviours that depend greatly on their own learning styles
○ Common learning strategies are
■ Cognitive strategies
■ Metacognitive strategies
■ Memory related strategies
■ Compensatory strategies
■ Affective strategies
■ Social strategies
b. Types of listening
The basic types of listening are
● Active listening
 ○ Understanding all things
○ Proper interaction
○ Proper feedback
● Selective listening
○ We remember selective portions only
○ The topic is not to our liking
● Empathetic listening
○ We go beyond sympathy to seek a truer understanding of how
the other person is feeling
○ Requires excellent discrimination and close attention to
nuances of emotional signals
● Ignoring listening
○ Not listening at all
○ Insulting to the other person
○ Can lead to strained relations
● Appreciative listening
○ Listening for pleasure
○ Examples include a song we like, a poetry reading, actors in a
play, audiobooks etc
○ Three major factors that affect appreciative listening
■ Presentation
■ Perception
■ Past experiences
c. What is time management and give a few tips?
● Time management skills are those that help you use your time
effectively and achieve desired results. These can help you allocate
your time properly and accomplish tasks efficiently.
● Some of the most important skills related to successful time
management include:

○ Organisation ○ Planning
○ Prioritisation ○ Delegation
○ Goal setting ○ Stress
○ Communicatio management
n ○ Flexibility
● Tips to improve time management skills
○ Prepare a schedule and follow it strictly
○ Set some boundaries for yourself
○ Fix deadlines
○ Set long and short term goals
○ Manage your calendar effectively
○ Prioritise your assignments