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MOD 21 Counters

1) The document discusses the design of counters using flip-flops. It defines a counter as a sequential circuit that cycles through a sequence of states in response to input pulses. 2) Counters are used to count events and generate timing sequences. A binary counter uses flip-flops to count from 0 to 2n-1, where n is the number of bits. 3) The design procedure for a 3-bit binary counter is demonstrated. This includes obtaining the state table from the state diagram, deriving the transition table, using Karnaugh maps to simplify the Boolean expressions, and constructing the sequential circuit. Exercises for other counter designs are provided.

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1K views10 pages

MOD 21 Counters

1) The document discusses the design of counters using flip-flops. It defines a counter as a sequential circuit that cycles through a sequence of states in response to input pulses. 2) Counters are used to count events and generate timing sequences. A binary counter uses flip-flops to count from 0 to 2n-1, where n is the number of bits. 3) The design procedure for a 3-bit binary counter is demonstrated. This includes obtaining the state table from the state diagram, deriving the transition table, using Karnaugh maps to simplify the Boolean expressions, and constructing the sequential circuit. Exercises for other counter designs are provided.

Uploaded by

rodzd
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design of

COUNTERS

Module 21

ELOGCIRDESIGNOFCOUNTERS Page1of10
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Module21
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Design of
COUNTERS
Module 21

Learning Objectives

After completing this module, the


learners should be able to:

1. Define what is a counter?


2. Know the application of counters.
3. Know the design procedure for
counters.

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Counters
A sequential circuit that goes through a
prescribed sequence of states upon the
application of input pulses is called a counter.
In a counter, the sequence of states may follow a
binary count or any other sequence o states.

Counters are found in almost all equipment


containing digital logic. They are used for
counting the number of occurrences of an event
and are useful foe generating timing sequences to
control operations in a digital system.
Of the various sequences a counter may follow,
the straight binary sequence is the simplest and
most straight forward.

A counter that follows the binary sequence is


called a binary counter. An n-bit binary counter
consists of n flip-flops and can count in binary
from 0 to 2n-1.

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Design of Counters
Example
Design a 3-bit binary counter whose state diagram is
given.

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Step 1. Obtain the state table using the state


diagram.

Present State

Next State

Q2

Q1

Q0

Q2

Q1

Q0

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0

0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0

1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

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Step 2. Derive the transition table. (Use JK FF)

Output State Transition


Flip flop inputs
Present State

Next State

Q2

Q1

Q0

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Q2

Q1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

Q0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

J2 K2

J1 K1 J0 K0

0X
0X
0X
1X
X0
X0
X0
X1

0X
1X
X0
X1
0X
1X
X0
X1

1X
X1
1X
X1
1X
X1
1X
X1

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Step 3. Derive the simplified Boolean expression for


each flip flop input using Karnaugh map.

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The 1s in the Karnaugh maps are grouped with


dont cares and the following expressions for
the J and K inputs each flip-flop are obtained:

J0
J1
J2

=
=
=

K0 =
K1 =
K2 =

1
Q0
Q1Q0

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Step 4. Construct the sequential circuit.

Clk

JQ

JQ

JQ

KQ

KQ

KQ

FF0

FF1

FF2

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Exercises:

1. Design a mod-5 counter which has the following


binary sequence: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. Use JK flip-flops.
2. Design a counter that has the following repeated
binary sequence: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Use RS flipflops.
3. Design a counter with the following binary
sequence 1, 2, 5, 7 and repeat. Use JK flip-flops.
4. Design a counter with the following repeated binary
sequence: 0, 4, 2, 1, 6. Use T flip-flops.
5. Design a counter that counts in the sequence 0, 1, 3,
6, 10, 15, using four a) D, b) SR, c) JK and d) T flipflops.

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