LIGHT – REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

1 Focal length of plane mirror is 1

(a) at infinity (b) zero (c) negative (d) positive
2 A concave mirror gives real, inverted and same size image if the object is placed 1
(a) at F (b) at infinity (c) at C (d) beyond C
3 The unit of power of a lens is 1
-1
(a) metre (b) centimetre (c) dioptre (d) m
4 A ray of light passes from a medium X to another medium Y. No refraction of light occurs if the 1
ray of light hits the boundary of medium Y at an angle of
(a) 120° (b) 90° (c) 45° (d) 0°
5 A lens of focal length 12 cm forms an erect image, three times the size of the object. The 1
distance between the object and image is
(a) 8 cm (b) 16 cm (c) 24 cm (d) 36 cm
6 Two lenses of power +3 and -1 dioptres are placed in contact. The focal length of the combined 1
lens is
(a) 100 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 50 cm (d) 30.3 cm
7 Two thin lenses , one of focal length +60 cm and other of focal length -20 cm are kept in 1
contact. Their combined focal length is
(a) -30 cm (b) 30 cm (c) -15 cm (d) 40 cm
8 As light travels from a rarer to a denser medium it will have 1
(a) increased velocity (b) decreased velocity (c) decreased wavelength (d) both (b) and (c)
9 The angle of incidence i and refraction r are equal in a transparent slab when the value of i is 1
(a) 0 (b) 45° (c) 90° (d) depend on the material of the slab
10 The refractive index of transparent medium is greater than one because 1
(a) Speed of light in vacuum < speed of light in transparent medium
(b) Speed of light in vacuum > speed of light in transparent medium
(c) Speed of light in vacuum = speed of light in transparent medium
(d) Frequency of light wave changes when it moves from rarer to denser medium.
11 You are given three media A, B and C of refractive index 1.33, 1.65 and 1.46. The medium in
which the light will travel fastest is 1
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) equal in all three media
12 Light from the sun falling on a convex lens will converges at a point called 1
(a) centre of curvature (b) focus (c) radius of curvature (d) optical centre
13 A divergent lens will produce
(a) always real image (b) always virtual image (c) both real and virtual image (d) none of
these
14 When object moves closer to concave lens the image by it shift 1
(a) away from the lens on the same side of object
(b) towards the lens
(c) away from the lens on the other side of lens
(d) first towards and then away from the lens
Each of the following questions consists of two statements, one is Assertion and the other is Reason. Give
answer:.
A. Both the assertion and the reason are correct and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
B. The assertion and the reason are correct but the reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
 C. Assertion is true and the reason is false.
D. The statement of the assertion is false but the reason is true
15 Assertion: The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray for a rectangular 1
glass slab.
Reason: The extent of bending of the ray at the opposite parallel faces ( air – glass interface and
glass- air interface) of the rectangular glass slab is equal and opposite
16 Assertion: Light does not travel in the same direction in all the media. 1
Reason: The speed of light does not change as it enters from one transparent medium to another.
Assertion: The word AMBULANCE on the hospital vans is written in the form of its mirror as 1

Reason: The image formed in a plane mirror is same size of the object
17 Assertion: The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It lies outside its reflecting surface. 1
Reason: The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a sphere. This sphere has a
centre.
18 Assertion: Higher is the refractive index of a medium or denser the medium, lesser is the 1
velocity of light in that medium.
Reason: Refractive index is inversely proportional to velocity.
19 Assertion: A convex lens can form a magnified erect as well as magnified inverted image of an 1
object placed in front of it.
Reason: A magnified and inverted image can be obtained by a convex lens when an object is
kept between F and C.
20 Assertion: Refractive index has no units 1
Reason: The refractive index has no units.
21 What is the minimum number of rays required for locating the image formed by a concave 2
mirror for an object? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual image by a concave
mirror.
22 The linear magnification produced by a spherical mirror is +3. Analyse this value and state the 2
(i) type of mirror and (ii) position of the object with respect to the pole of the mirror. Draw ray
diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
23 Write refractive index in two different forms. 2
24 Is a denser or rarer nature relative or absolute? Arrange the following media in the order of 2
increasing denser nature. Given the refractive index of air, glass, kerosene, diamond are 1, 1.5,
1.44 and 2.42 respectively.
25 The refractive index of a medium x with respect to y is 2/3 and the refractive index of medium y 2
with respect to z is 4/3. Calculate the refractive index of medium z with respect of x.
26 When light enters from air to glass, the angles of incidence and refraction in air and glass are 2
45 ° and 30 ° respectively. Find the refractive index of glass. ( Given that sin 45 ° = 1/√2,
sin 30° =1/2 )
27 Two thin lenses of power +3.5 D and -2.5 D are placed in contact. Find the power and focal 2
length of the lens combination.
28 A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave lens of focal length 10 cm are placed in 2
close contact with each other. Calculate the lens power of this combination.
29 A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 80 cm in front of a mirror by 3
keeping the candle flame at a distance of 20 cm from its pole.
(i) Which type of mirror should the student use?
(ii) Find the magnification of the image produced.
(iii) Find the distance between the object and its image.
(iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case and mark the distance
between the object and its image.
30 For the given data showing the focal lengths of three concave mirrors A, B and C , and the 3
respective distance of different objects from these mirrors.
S.No Object distance (cm) Focal length (cm)
A 45 20
B 30 15
C 20 30
Answer the following questions:
(i) In the given position object from the mirrors, which mirror will form a diminished image of
the object. Draw a ray diagram for image formation by this mirror.
(ii) Which mirror can be conveniently used as a make-up mirror? Draw a ray diagram to
illustrate this function.
31 Name the type of mirror used (i) by dentists and (ii) shaving mirrors. Give two reasons why 3
such mirrors are used in each case.
32 A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the 3
location of the image and magnification. Describe what happens as the needle is moved farther
from the mirror?
33 What is understood by lateral displacement of light? Illustrate it with the help of a diagram . 3
List any two factors on which the lateral displacement of a particular substance depends.
34 State the laws of refraction of light. If the speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 m/s, find the 3
absolute refractive index of a medium in which light travels with a speed of 1.4 x 10 8 m/s.
35 An object placed on a metre scale at 8 cm mark was focused on a white screen placed at 92 cm 3
mark, using a converging lens placed on the scale at 50 cm mark.
(i) Find the focal length of converging lens.
(ii) Find the position of the image formed if the object is shifted towards the lens at a position
of 29 cm.
(iii) State the nature of the image formed if the object is further shifted towards the lens.
36 Read the following and answer the question: 4

The absolute refractive index of a medium is simply called its refractive index. The ability of a
medium to refract light is also expressed in terms of its optical density. We have been using ‘
rarer medium’ and ‘denser medium’ which actually means optically denser and vice versa.
Material Medium Refractive Material Medium Refractive index
Index
Air 1.0003 Canada Balsam 1.53
Ice 1.31 Crown glass 1.52
Water 1.33 Rock salt 1.54
Alcohol 1.36 Diamond 2.42
Kerosene 1.44 Carbon disulphide 1.63
Fused quartz 1.46 Dense flint glass 1.65
Turpentine oil 1.47 Ruby 1.71
Benzene 1.50 Sapphire 1.77
(i) You are given kerosene, turpentine oil and water. In which medium the light travels
fastest?
(i) Find the relative refractive index of diamond with ruby. .
(ii) The velocity of light in air is 3 x 108 m/s. Find the velocity of light in benzene with respect
to air.
37 Read the following and answer the question: 4

Power (P) of a lens is given by reciprocal of focal length (f) of the lens i.e. P = 1/f. When f is in
meter, P is in dioptre. For a convex lens, power is positive and for a concave lens, power is
 negative. When a number of thin lenses of powers p 1 , p2 , p3….. are held in contact with one
another , the power of the combination is given by algebraic sum of the powers of all the lenses
i.e. P = P1+ P2 + P3 + ………..
(i). Two thin lenses are in contact and the focal length of the combination is 80 cm. If the focal
length of one lens is 20 cm what will be the focal length of the other lens?
(ii) Calculate the power of the second lens?
(iii) When a third lens of focal length – 20 cm is placed in contact with the two lenses than find
the power of the three lens?
38 Read the following and answer the question: 4

The spherical mirror forms different types of images when the object is placed at different
locations. When the image is formed on screen, the image is real and when the image does not
form on screen, the image is virtual. When the two reflected rays meet actually, the image is real
and when they appear to meet, the image is virtual.
A concave mirror always forms a real and inverted image for different positions of the object.
But if the object is placed between the focus and pole, the image formed is virtual and erect.
A convex mirror always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image. A concave mirror is used as
doctor's head mirror to focus light on body parts like eyes, ears, nose etc., to be examined
because it can form erect and magnified image of the object. The convex mirror is used as a rear-
view mirror in automobiles because it can form an small and erect image of an object.
(i) When an object is placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror, what type of image
will be formed. Draw the ray diagram.
(ii) A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She finds the image of her head bigger, the
middle portion of her body of the same size and that of the legs smaller. What is the order of
combinations for the magic mirror from the top.
(iii) 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the
location of image and magnification. Describe what happens to the image as the needle is moved
farther from the mirror.
39 Read the following and answer the question: 4

As we know that, in case of concave mirrors when a ray of light parallel to principal axis strikes
the mirror and after reflection it passes through principal focus of the concave mirror. Also, a
ray which is passing through the principal focus of the concave mirror after reflection goes
parallel to the principal axis. And the ray of light which is passing through the centre of
curvature of concave mirror after reflection retraces the same path in backward direction.
Because of converging property of concave mirrors they are used in solar furnaces to concentrate
more light to produce huge amount of heat energy. They are also used in search lights, torches,
head lights of vehicles so that a strong parallel beam of light will be produced. Also, in case of
shaving mirrors concave mirrors are used to see larger face of the person.
While convex mirrors are used as rear view mirror in vehicles to see the traffic behind the person
for safe driving. As these mirrors are curved outwards they has wider field of view. In convex
mirrors the image formed is always diminished, virtual and erect.
In concave mirror, when the object is at infinity the image formed will be at focus F and which is
highly diminished, point sized, real and inverted.
(i)In case of concave mirror when the image formed is virtual and erect? Draw the ray diagram.
(ii) What is the magnification of the images formed by plane mirrors and why?
(iii) An object is placed at a distance of 25 cm away from a converging mirror of focal length 20
cm. Discuss the effect on the nature and position of the image if the position of the object changes
from 25 cm to 15 cm.

40 (a) What is lens? 5

(b) List two main categories of lenses.
(c) In which category is a double concave lens placed?
(d) A convex lens of focal length 15 cm forms a real image at a distance of 20 cm from its
 optical centre. Find the position of the object. Is the image formed by the lens magnified or
diminished?
41 (a) State the law of refraction of light that defines the refractive index of a medium with respect 5
to the other. Express it mathematically.
(b) How is refractive index of any medium A with respect to a medium B related to the speed at
propagation of light in two media A and B?
(c) State the name of this constant when one medium is vacuum or air?
(d) The refractive indices of glass and water with respect to vacuum are 3/2 and 4/3
respectively. If the speed of light in glass is 2 x 108 m/s, find the speed of light in (i) vacuum, (ii)
water.
42 It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12 5
cm.
(i) What should be the range of distance of an object placed in front of the mirror?
(ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the object. Draw ray diagram to show the formation
of image in this case.
(iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24 cm in front of the mirror? Draw ray
diagram for this situation also to justify your answer.
Show the positions of ple, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the above ray
diagrams.
43 An object 4.0 cm in size, is placed 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm. 5
(i) At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp
image?
(ii) Find the size of the image.
(iii) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
44 (a) List four characteristics of the image formed by a convex lens when an object is placed 5
between its optical centre and principal focus.
(b) Size of the image of an object by a concave lens of focal length 20 cm is observed to be
reduced to 1/3rd of its size. Find the distance of the object from the lens.
45 Analyse the following observations table showing variation of image-distance (v) with 5
object –distance (u) in case of a convex lens and answer the question that follow
without during any calculations:
S.No. Object-distance u (cm) Image-distance v (cm)
1 -60 +12
2 -30 +15
3 -20 +20
4 -15 +30
5 -12 +60
6 -9 +90

(a) What is the focal length of the convex lens? State reason for your answer.
(b) For what object-distance (u) is the corresponding image-distance (v) not correct?
(c) Choose an appropriate scale to draw a ray diagram for the observation at S.No. 4
and find the approximate value of magnification.