PROVA ESCRITA DE INGLÊS

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QUESTÃO 1

TRANSLATION (Total: 35 marks)

PART A (20 marks)

Translate into Portuguese the following excerpt adapted from Edward Said’s 1993 Reith Lecture “Intellectual exile:
expatriates and marginals. What is the proper role of the intellectual in today’s society?”

Exile means being neither entirely at one with the new setting, nor fully
disencumbered of the old; beset with half-involvements and half-detachments;
nostalgic and sentimental yet equally a consummate mimic or secret outcast.
Being adept at survival becomes the imperative, with the dangers of getting too
comfortable and secure constituting a threat constantly to be guarded against.
Salim, the main character of V.S. Naipaul’s novel “A Bend in the River,” is
an affecting instance of the modern intellectual in exile: an East African Muslim
of Indian origin, he has left the coast and journeyed into the interior, where he
survives precariously in a new state modelled on Mobutu's Zaire. Naipaul portrays
Salim’s life at a 'bend in the river’ as a no-man’s-land, to which hail the European
intellectual advisers (who succeed the idealistic missionaries of colonial times), as
well as the assorted mercenaries, profiteers, and other Third World drifters in
whose ambience Salim is forced to live, gradually forfeiting his property and
integrity in the mounting confusion.
As the novel unravels, the natives themselves have become exiles in their
own country, so preposterous and erratic are the whims of the ruler, Big Man, a
symbol of all post-colonial regimes.

PART B (15 marks)

Translate into English the following excerpt adapted from a special Folha de São Paulo report on Sri Lanka by Roberto
Candelori published 18th May 2009:

O Sri Lanka vê-se diante de um conflito que já dura um quarto de século.

Com uma população dividida entre cingaleses budistas (74%) e tâmeis de
orientação hindu (18%), o antigo Ceilão tornou-se um "banho de sangue",
segundo a ONU.
O país conquistou a independência dos britânicos em 1948, quando começou
a implantação de políticas discriminatórias contra a minoria tâmil, que tivera lugar
de destaque na administração colonial. Sucessivos governos baixaram leis que
cercearam os direitos dos tâmeis ao impor-lhes o cingalês como língua oficial e
restringir-lhes o acesso à educação superior e a cargos públicos.
Revoltados, os tâmeis passaram a reagir, exigindo a igualdade linguística,
social e religiosa.
Em 25 anos de conflito, estima-se que tenham ocorrido até 100 mil mortes,
e o futuro parece não menos assustador. Mais de 250 mil tâmeis encontram-se
agora sob a mira dos fuzis e sob o silêncio da comunidade internacional. A ordem
é atirar.

UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

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 QUESTÃO 2

SUMMARY (Total: 15 marks)

Write a summary in your own words not over 200 words in length of the following excerpt adapted from “Open up,”
an Economist special report on migration published 3rd January 2008.

Enoch Powell had a point. The radical British Conservative politician warned, nearly four decades ago, that
immigrants were causing such strife that “like the Roman, I seem to
see the River Tiber foaming with much blood.” That proved to be
Coming and going nonsense, as did his advice that migrants should be encouraged to
Net migration rate in DECD countries leave. Had they done so, Britain and other rich countries that depend
as % of resident population heavily on foreign labour would be in a dreadful state. One prediction
All Traditional Traditional he made was spot on, however: that by about now, one in ten people
immigration emigration in Britain would be migrants. At the last count in 2005, the
countries countries
foreign-born made up 9.7% of the British population.
0.8

0.6 By historical standards, that is high but consistent with that in

other rich economies. In America the proportion is now about 13%,
0.4
not far off the 15% peak reached shortly before World War I. What
0.2 is particularly striking in Europe is that countries which had hitherto
+
0
known only emigration, e.g. Ireland or Greece, now have an influx
– typical of countries like Australia and the U.S.
0.2
1956 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05
This special report argues that both emigration and
Source: DECD, “Labour Force Statistics 2006”
immigration countries, as well as the migrants themselves, have
been coping remarkably well with this new force reshaping our world.
Yet ominous signs are emerging of a shrill backlash against immigration on both sides of the Atlantic.

Politicians may tinker with migration policies. They will certainly, under public pressure, pump extra resources
and energy into building more fences and walls to keep foreigners out. By linking immigration to terrorism, they may
even make their societies more fiercely policed. The basic forces driving migration, though, are unlikely to ebb.

Migrants move mainly for economic reasons. Most appear to do so legally. The number of illegal migrants is
by definition hard to ascertain, but likely to be smaller than the legal sort. They probably comprise the bulk of those
seen floating on rafts in the Mediterranean or scrabbling over the fence from Mexico to America. Others do not risk
the high seas or physical borders, entering instead under some other guise, perhaps as tourists, and then staying on.

Lastly, there are refugees and asylum-seekers, strictly defined as those escaping persecution but often including
anybody forced to flee, for example from a war. According to the UN's refugee agency, at the close of 2006 some 10m
people fell under this category.

The number of migrants worldwide has been reckoned at 200m. That sounds a lot, but actually adds up to only
3% of the world's population, so there is ample potential for growth. Migration has proved a successful ploy for the
world's poor to improve their lot. Nor is it the very poorest who travel, for money is required to travel overseas.

In the 100 years to 1920, brighter prospects encouraged some 60m Europeans to uproot and move to the New
World. A European crossing the Atlantic could expect to double his income. Today the incentives are even more
enticing. Those moving from a poor country to a rich one can expect to see their income rise fivefold. As long as such
differentials persist, the draw will continue.

Demography too plays a big part. Not every migrant is bound for America or Europe: two in every five head
for another poor or middle-income destination. Those aiming for the richest parts of the world, however, do their
inhabitants a favour. Without them, the greying and increasingly choosy populations across the rich world would
already be on the decline. That is paramount for their fast-changing economies, which consistently demand either
highly skilled workers or those willing to do unpleasant and tiring jobs.

UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

Admissão à Carreira de Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) –2–
 One reason why much of the world has enjoyed a sustained economic boom with low inflation in the past
decade is that the effective global workforce is expanding apace. The IMF estimates it has quadrupled since 1980. In
all likelihood it will continue to grow, though at a slower rate, with a 40% increase in the world's working-age
population forecast by 2050. According to the UN, the global stock of migrants has more than doubled in four
decades. Not enough young natives have the skills or motivation, so the rich must hope outsiders will keep coming.

And they will. Luckily for Europe and America, there are huge pools of workers eager to jump on the next plane,
train or leaking raft to work abroad. This can prove beneficial for their countries of origin as well.

If exporting brawn generally makes sense for a poor country, letting its better brains drain away may not. Most
poor and middle-income countries grapple with chronic shortages of skilled labour. Professionals in demand abroad
are the hardest to keep at home. In fact, if the lure is strong enough, it is virtually impossible to block the exit of the
highly skilled.

Rich countries are taking in more highly skilled migrants than ever before. Yet emigration of skilled workers
may be a consequence rather than a cause of problems in the sending country. For example, nurses may be
emigrating because their salaries are not being paid or because hospitals are crumbling; entrepreneurs may be
relocating because the local business climate is wretched. Halting emigration - even if that were feasible - would not
solve these problems. Nurses might still quit their jobs, would-be entrepreneurs might sit on their hands.

Indeed, some argue that emigration can actually enhance the stock of brainpower. Migrants spend longer
studying, pick up more skills and experience, and may then return home. Remittances are often used to fund
schooling. Moreover, the prospect of emigration and prosperity abroad may induce others to get an education. All this
suggests that the consequences of emigration, albeit not negligible, are tricky to measure. Governments should thus
endeavour to tackle the factors pushing their skilled professionals out. If émigrés can be enticed back home, even for
short spells, so much the better.

Unfettered movement of capital and goods has made the world a far richer place while greater human mobility
has not only created wealth but also helped share it out more evenly. The billions in remittances repatriated each year
eloquently testify to that. The cost of keeping people out would be steep.

Nasty surprises are constantly sprung on us. Wars can suddenly displace millions, who may start out as
refugees but frequently end up as migrants. Some claim that climate change may forcibly relocate tens of millions
of people in the space of decades. Misguided policies, a backlash over terrorism or a failure to integrate migrants could
all pose serious problems. Nonetheless, 40 years on, it seems clear that Mr Powell was utterly amiss in everything
save his sums.

UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

Admissão à Carreira de Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) –3–
 QUESTÃO 3

COMPOSITION (Total: 50 marks)

At the beginning of the 21st century, migration continues to loom large as

a subject of media interest, of community preoccupation and of political
controversy. Nevertheless, the discourse has evolved significantly in recent years,
both in terms of substance and tone, and is now conducted with noticeably less
acrimony than before and with much reduced levels of distrust between developed
and developing countries. For instance, at [several recent high-level international
conferences] participants were, in general, disposed to agree that migration holds
considerable potential for economic and social development. At the same time,
however, it was apparent that there is much more to be done before agreement
can be reached on appropriate management strategies to be put in place, both
nationally and on the international level, for that promise to be realized. The task
of formulating a workable global approach to the management of international
migration remains a formidable challenge, and one that will require both time and
effort over the coming years.

An extract from the Introduction to World Migration 2008: managing labour mobility in the
evolving global economy. Geneva: International Organization for Migration, 2008, p. 1.

Taking into account the points made above, discuss the main issues involved in the contemporary political debate on
migration.

(Length: 350-400 words)

UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

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 QUESTÃO 1
PART A
RASCUNHO – 1/2
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UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

Admissão à Carreira de Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) –5–
 QUESTÃO 1
PART A
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UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

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 QUESTÃO 1
PART B
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UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

Admissão à Carreira de Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) –7–
 QUESTÃO 1
PART B
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 QUESTÃO 2
RASCUNHO – 1/2

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UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

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 QUESTÃO 2
RASCUNHO – 2/2

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UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

Admissão à Carreira de Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) – 10 –
 QUESTÃO 3
RASCUNHO – 1/2

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UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

Admissão à Carreira de Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) – 11 –
 QUESTÃO 3
RASCUNHO – 2/2

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UnB/CESPE – Instituto Rio Branco Prova Escrita de Inglês

Admissão à Carreira de Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) – 12 –