CANONICAL AUTHORS

CANON

 In literature, this is the collection of works considered representative of a certain genre and period.

CANONICAL AUTHORS

 writers whose works have been well appreciated and considered representatives of certain genres of
literature. Take note: When we study canonical authors and their works, we can glean new appreciation
for them in modern perspective.

NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR LITERATURE

 is the highest national recognition given to Filipino writers who made significant contributions to the
development of Philippine Literature.

 AMADO V. HERNANDEZ Hagonoy, Bulacan (1903-1970) Poet, playwright, novelist.

 He practiced "committed art"
 In his view, the function of a writer is to act as the conscience of the human spirit in the face of inequity
and oppression.
 His works talked about the struggles of Filipino laborers Works: Isang Dipang Langit, Luha ng Buwaya, Mga
Ibong Mandaragit (first Filipino Socio-Political Novel that exposed the ills of the society.)
 He earned the title "manunulat ng manggagawa" because he focused on writing about the problems of
Filipino workers.
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE - 1973

JOSE GARCIA – VILLA Singalong, Manila (1908-1997)

 DOVEGLION (He used the pen name Doveglion (derived from "Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based on the characters
he derived from his own works. Known as the COMMA Poet.
 He was the finest contemporary poet regardless of race and language He introduced the reversal of
consonance and comma poems "First, a poem must be magical, then musical as a seagull,and it must hold
as fire as well."
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-1973
 Works: Footnote to Youth, Many Voices, Have Come, Am Here, The Anchored Angel.

NICK JOAQUIN, Paco, Manila (1917-2004)

 The most distinguished Filipino writer in English Writing: Known as Quijano de Manila.
 His contribution: exploration of the Philippine colonial past under Spain and his probing into the
psychology of social danger as seen by the young. He has written plays, novels, poems, short stories,
essays, reportage and journalism
  NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-1976
 Works: The Woman Who Had Two Navels, Ballad of the Five Battles, Rizal in Saga, Almanac for Manilenos,
Cave and Shadows (about Martial Law time) Summer Solstice

CARLOS P. ROMULO, Intramuros, Manila (1899-1985)

 His career spanned 50 years of public service as educator, soldier, university president, journalist and
diplomat.
 He was the 1st Asian President of the UN General Assembly and the Philippine Ambassador to the US He
was a reporter at 16, newspaper editor at 20, publisher at 32.
 His broadcasts during the Japanese colonization was known as the VOICE OF FREEDOM. The only Asian to
win Pulitzer Prize for Journalism for a series of articles predicting the outbreak of WWII.
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-1982

FRANCISCO ARCELLANA Sta. Cruz, Manila (1916-2002)

 A writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, teacher.

 One of the most important progenitors of the modern Filipino short story in English.
 He pioneered the development of short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-1990
 Works: Poetry and Politics, The State of Original Writing in English and Philippines Today, The Other
Woman, To Touch You And touched Her, Frankie, The Man Who Would be Poem, Death in a Factory, Lina,
A Clown Remembers

N.V.M. (NESTOR VINCENT MANDALI) GONZALES Romblon, Romblon (1915-1999)

 Filipino novelist, short story writer, essayist and poet.

 Distinctively wrote of the Filipino life and of the Filipino in the world? He said: “There is no such thing as
children’s literature.”
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-1997

LEVI CELERIO, Tondo, Manila (1910-2002)

 A prolific lyricist and composer for decades He effortlessly translated/rewrote anew the lyrics to
traditional melodies: O Maliwanag na Buwan (Iloko) Ako ay may Singsing (Pampango) Alibangbang
(Visaya).
 He made it to Guinness Book of World Records as the only person to make music using leaf.
 He wrote 4000 songs and he contributed to enriching Philippine music. NATIONAL ARTIST FOR
LITERATURE-1997

 EDITH L. TIEMPO, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya (1919-2011) Widely acknowledged as the Mother of
Philippine Literature
 Poet, fictionist, teacher and literary critic Her works are characterized by remarkable fusion of style and
substance, of craftsmanship and insight.
  Her poems The Little Marmoset and Bonsai are intricate verbal transfigurations of significant experiences.
 Founded and directed Siliman National Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City which produced some of the
country’s best writers.
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-1999

F. SIONIL JOSE, Rosales, Pangasinan (1924-present)

 His writings since the late 60s when taken collectively can be described as epic.
 His works reflect the consistent espousal of the aspirations of Filipinos NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY and
SOCIAL JUSTICE His works were translated into various languages
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-2001
 Works: Rosales Saga (The Pretenders, Tree: My Brother, My Executioner, Mass, Poon) captures Philippine
History while simultaneously narrating the lives of generations of Samsons whose personal lives intertwine
with the social struggles of the Nation.
 He is the founder of the Philippine Chapter of the International Organization PEN. (Poets, Playwrights,
Essayists, Novelists)

 VIRGILIO ALMARIO, San Miquel, Bulacan (1944-present) Also known as Rio Alma.
 A poet, literary historian, critic who has revived and reinvented traditional poetic forms In 34 years, he
published 12 books of poetry.
 His works reflected his often severe examination of the self and the society.
 He founded LIRA (Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika at Anyo) and GAT (Galian sa Arte at Tula.)
 He put a face to the Filipino writer in the country, one strong face determinedly wielding a pen into
untruths, hypocrisy, injustice
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE -2003

ALEJANDRO R. ROCES, Manila (1924-2011)

 Short story writer and essayist

 The country’s Best Writer of Comic Short Stories.
 He wrote innumerable newspaper columns that focused on the neglected aspects of the Filipino cultural
heritage His works were published in international magazines.
 He brought to attention the aesthetics of the country’s fiestas.
 He was instrumental in popularizing several local fiestas like Moriones and Ati-Atihan
 He changed the Independence Day from July 4 to June 12
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-2003 “You cannot be a great writer, first you have to be a great
person.”

DR. BIENVENIDO LUMBERA, Lipa, Batangas (1932-present)

 A Poet, librettist and scholar.

 He introduced to Tagalog literature what is known as Bagay Poetry, a landmark aesthetic tendency that has
helped to change the vernacular poetic tradition
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-2006
  His works: Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa: Balaybay, Mga Tulang Lunot at Manibalang, Sa Sariling Bayan, Apat
na Dulang May Musika, Aqunyas sa Hacienda Luisita, Tales of the Manuvu and Rama Hari

LAZARO FRANCISCO, Orani, Bataan (1898-1980)

 Developed a social realist tradition in Philippine Fiction

 His novels embodied the author’s commitment to nationalism His novels exposed the evils of the tenancy
system, exploitation of farmers by unscrupulous landlords and foreign domination.
 His pen dignifies the Filipino and accents all the positives about the Filipino way of life.
 He’s known as the MASTER OF TAGALOG NOVEL
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-2009

CIRILO F. BAUTISTA Sampaloc, Manila (1941-2018)

 A Poet, fictionist and essayist with exceptional achievements and significant contributions to the
development of the country’s literary arts.
 He’s a teacher of literature and realized that the classroom is an important training ground for Filipino
writers.
 NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE-2014

LITERARY GENRE (LESSON 2)

Literary Genre is an artistic category or style of writing. It allows literary critics and students to classify
compositions within the larger canon of literature. Genre (pronounced zhan-ra) is derived from the French phrase
genre meaning "kind" or "type." Each literary genre has its unique and important features that will aid the intended
readers in fully analyzing a literary text.

1. Poetry

 As poetry has evolved, it has taken on numerous forms, but in general, poetry is the genre of literature
which has some form of meter or rhyme with focus based on syllable counts, musicality, and division of
lines (lineation). Unlike prose which runs from one end of the page to the other, poetry is typically written
in lines and blocks of lines known as stanzas. Poetry may be in the form of narrative, lyrical, or dramatic.

2. Drama

 Drama is a text which has been written with the intention of being performed for an audience. Dramas
range from plays to improvisations on stage. Its two main types are Tragedy and Comedy

3. Non-fiction Prose

 Prose is a form of language that has no formal metrical structure. It applies a natural flow of speech, and
ordinary grammatical structure, rather than rhythmic structure. Non-fiction prose refers to any literary
 work that is based mainly on facts. This includes autobiography, biography, character sketch, diary or
journal, editorial, and essay.

4. Prose Fiction

 Prose Fiction is a literary work that is wholly or partly imagined or theoretical. Examples of this are myths,
legends, parables, fables, fairy tales, short stories, novels, and novellas

5. Creative Nonfiction

 The words "creative" and "nonfiction" describe the form. The word "creative" refers to the use of literary
craft, the techniques fiction writers, playwrights, and poets employ to present nonfiction factually
accurate prose about real people and events in a compelling, vivid. dramatic manner. The goal is to make
nonfiction stories read like fiction so that your readers are as captivated by fact as they are by fantasy,
 This creative nonfiction type of literature can be in the forms of an essay, a journal article, a research
paper, a memoir, or a poem; it can be personal or not, or it can be all of these.

6. Hyperpoetry

 This genre, also called cyberpoetry, is a form of digital poetry that uses links using hypertext mark-up. It
refers to works of verse (although not necessarily in lines and stanzas) which could not be presented
without the computer.
 Hyperpoetry includes verse with links to sub-poems or footnotes, poetry "generators." poetry with
movement or images. It is usually highly steeped in the visual and sometimes involves parts that are read
in varying orders.

7. Blog

 Blog (abbreviated version of "weblog") is an online journal or informational website displaying information
in the reverse chronological order. A blog features diary-type commentary and links to articles on other
websites. It is also a platform where a writer or even a group of writers share their views on an individual
subject.

A typical blog includes:

 Header with the menu or navigation bar

 Main content area with highlighted or latest blog posts.
 Sidebar with social profiles, favorite content, or call-to-action
 Footer with relevant links like a disclaimer, privacy policy, contact page, etc.

8. Mobile Phone Text Tula

 A particular example of this poem is a tanaga, a type of Filipino poem, consisting of four lines with seven
syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line that is to say a 7- 7-7-7 syllabic verse, with an
AABB rhyme scheme.
  The modern tanaga still uses the 7777 syllable count, but rhymes range from dual rhyme forms: AABB,
ABAB, ABBA: to freestyle forms such as AAAB, BAAA, or ABCD, Tanagas do not have titles traditionally
because the tanaga should speak for itself. However, moderns can opt to give them titles.
 They are being sent through SMS on mobile phone with friends, families, loved ones, and through
netizens.

9. Chick Lit

 Chick lit is a genre fiction which addresses issues of modern womanhood, often humorously and
lightheartedly.
 Chick lit or Chick literature consists of heroine-centered narratives that focus on the trials and tribulations
of their individual protagonists.
 Although it sometimes includes romantic elements, chick lit is generally not considered a direct
subcategory of the romance novel genre, because the heroine’s relationship with her family or friends is
often just as important as her romantic relationships

10. Speculative Fiction

 Speculative fiction is a term, attributed to Robert Heinlein in 1941, that has come to be used to collectively
describe works in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, supernatural, superhero, utopian and
dystopian, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic, and alternate history.
 Speculative fiction is a broad category of narrative fiction that includes elements, settings. And characters
created out of imagination and speculation rather than based on reality and everyday life.

11. Flash Fiction

 Flash fiction is another genre of literature in which stories are extremely short and often consists of a few
hundred words or fewer in its entirety. This is quite different to the concept of a short story, which is
usually several pages long and can notch up thousands of words.
 Works of flash fiction, by contrast, can comprise as little as a single page or 250 words. This has to cover a
lot of ground with few words. Imagine the typical story arch with a beginning, rising action, climax, and
conclusion. M fiction stories are able to touch on all of those elements, all within the strict word. Word
limit provides a very creative challenge. 7/16

12. Digi Fiction

 Digital Fiction is fiction that is written for and read from a computer and can be web- or app-based (for
tablets and smartphones) or accessed via CD-ROMs.
 Digital fictions are different to e-books, however. Rather than existing as a digital version of a print novel,
digital fictions are what are known as “born digital” that is, they would lose something of their aesthetic
and/or structural form and meaning if they were removed from the digital medium.
 For example, they may contain hyperlinks, moving images, mini-games or sound effects. Further, unlike e-
books in which the reader moves from one page to another in a linear fashion, in many digital fictions, the
reader has a role in constructing the narrative, either by selecting hyperlinks or by controlling a character’s
journey through the story world.
  Digital fictions require the reader’s interaction with the narrative throughout the reading experience and
include texts such as hypertext fictions, flash fictions and some video games. In order to get to the full
story, the reader must engage in navigation, reading, viewing in all three formats.

13. Graphic Novel

 Graphic Novel is a type of text combining words and images-essentially a comic. Although the term most
commonly refers to a complete story presented as a book rather than a periodical. They are similar to
comic books because they use sequential art to tell a story, However, they are generally standalone stories
with more complex plot.
 In graphic novels, the story is told using pictures in sequence, panels, speech balloons, and other
conventions of the comic book form and format. Figurative language, symbolism, and other literary
devices may also be present.

14. Manga

 This is a Japanese or Japanese-influenced comics. It is usually printed in black-and-white. There are many
genres inside manga, the most distinct being shojo (for girls) and shonen (for boys).

15. Doodle Fiction

 It is a literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle drawing and handwritten graphics in
place of traditional format. Drawings enhance the story, often adding humorous

16. Illustrated Novel

 Elements that would be missing if the illustrations were omitted. It is a narrative medium that utilizes both
images and text to tell a story. It is certainly word-based with a scattering of illustrations, usually of critical
turning points of the story.
 Here, the reader must interpret the images to comprehend completely the story. Textual portions are
presented in a traditional form. Some illustrated novels may contain no text at all.

17. Text-talk novels

These stories are told almost completely in dialogue simulating social network exchanges.

BICOLANO AUTHORS (LESSON 3)

Francis Penones Jr.

  Information Officer (LGO)- Iraga City Camarines Sur
 News Editor and Writer for several Local and International Publications
 He has authored and present several published papers, etc
 He sounded a clarion call in his poem, An Opon Books, Salbalon: Kan Mahale an Maskara (The board in
Ibalon When Unmasked)

Merlinda C. Bobis

 A multi-awarded author, she has four novels, six poetry books, a collection of short stories, and nine
dramatic works performed internationally.
 Wrote a masterly poetic drama title “Daragang Magayon (Beautiful Maiden)

Carlos O. Aureus

 He persuades “Naguñeos” (Second Edition, Ateneo de Naga University Press) a collection of short tales
and who wears Naga like second skin.
 Is indeed a very religious person because he knows what was indeed the writings of the churches.

Emelina G. Regis

 Has a Palanca Award for her environmental play Dalawang Mukha ng Kagubatan (Two Faces of the Forest).

Barbara Barquez Ricafrente

 Writes poems and paints with rage

 First novel Awardee of the U.P. Creative Writing Center.

O Maria Lilia F. Realubit

 She write the first book on Bikol History and Literature “Bikols of the Philippines”
 National book awardee (1987) for her book “Philips Drama”

Jaime Jesus Borlogdan

 He wrote “ Maynila Libro ng Pobya, which is now considered by his young follower’s as an important and
influential collection

Estelito “Esting” Babylon Jacob

 He wrote the collection of Poetry in Bikol Entitled “Mga Narukidukit”

SEASONED WRITERS

Luis Cabalquinto

 Cabalquinto writes in English, Pilipino, and Bikol.

 Cabalquinto is the recipient of many honors and awards
 He is the author of numerous collections of poetry, including Mannahatta Mahal (2007), Moon Over
Magarao (2004), Bridgeable Shores: Selected Poems (2001), and The Dog-Eater & Other Poems (1989)

Gode Calleja

 publisher of the longest running page dedicated to Bikol contemporary writings.

 He is one of the Publishers of the longest running pages devoted to contemporary Bikol writings,
 has translated all of Shakespeare's sonnets into a new type of Bikol that does not borrow from Spanish or
English

Rudy Alano

who wrote "Octavio" and "Pororopot." "Ibalon" has inspired three dramas, all written in the e.

THE YOUNG WRITERS ARE HOME LIFE MAGAZINE WINNERS

Angelica Gonzalez

Honesto "Jun" Pesimo Jr.

 Bicolano writer, teacher and author of “Bagyo sa Oktubre”

 Edited the book entitled Girok: Erotika published by Kabulig Bikol 2017

Jazmin Llana

recent memorable works as director was the kantada N. Daragang Magayon from Merlinda Bobis

Member of Kabulig-Bikol, the association of Bikol Writers

Victor Velasco

 He is best known as the editor and publisher of the Filipino Forum which he founded in 1928 and
maintained until his death in 1968.
Nino Manaoag

 Manaog won writing fellowships and launched Anayo, a collection of Bikol poetry in 2012.
 His poems appeared in Bikol anthologies, including Haliya and Journal of Bikol Writing.
 His works have been featured in various publications, including Burak, SanAg, Philippines Graphic, The
Daily Tribune, Homelife, and the Ani journal by the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

Xavier Onlin

Cynthia Buiza

 is a poet, strategist and Executive Director of the California Immigrant Policy Center (CIPC).
 The young literary fictionists

Marco Lopez

 Is an instructor at the Filipino Department, Ateneo de Manila University. He was awarded a literary grant
by CCP in 1993 (Bikol Short Story)

Ulysses P. Aureus

 Young literary fictionists and search for self, identity and nation.

Lorenzo D. Paran

 He has compiled over 50 essays capturing the experiences of a Filipino migrant struggling to assimilate
into American life
 Paran, a former English teacher at the University of the Philippines
 -Entitled "An Isteytsayd Life, Not-so-random thoughts from a Pinoy living in America," Paran shares
situational tales-some amusing, some biting-that are instructive for fresh Pinoys in that part of the world.

Regional literature

 literary traditions, written or oral, of the various ethno linguistic groups in the country, communities that
despite much internal migration, can still have distinct geographical settings or identity.

Literary traditions

is the passing down of stories which give meaning to human experiences, according to literary articles. It can be
categorized as national, formal or periodic.