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    Craft and Industries-Handouts

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    anjana
    The document discusses the history of crafts and industries in India. It provides details about various textile industries like weaving, dyeing and production of printed and colored fabrics. It mentions important centers and communities involved in textile production. It also talks about the decline of the handloom industry in the 19th century due to competition from British machine-made textiles and the impact on weavers who lost their livelihoods. The document provides information on other industries like metallurgy and describes important inventions and their effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Craft and Industries-Handouts

    Uploaded by

    anjana
    122 views4 pages
    The document discusses the history of crafts and industries in India. It provides details about various textile industries like weaving, dyeing and production of printed and colored fabrics. It mentions important centers and communities involved in textile production. It also talks about the decline of the handloom industry in the 19th century due to competition from British machine-made textiles and the impact on weavers who lost their livelihoods. The document provides information on other industries like metallurgy and describes important inventions and their effects.

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    Craft and Industries-handouts

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    The document discusses the history of crafts and industries in India. It provides details about various textile industries like weaving, dyeing and production of printed and colored fabrics. It mentions important centers and communities involved in textile production. It also talks about the decline of the handloom industry in the 19th century due to competition from British machine-made textiles and the impact on weavers who lost their livelihoods. The document provides information on other industries like metallurgy and describes important inventions and their effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    122 views4 pages

    Craft and Industries-Handouts

    Uploaded by

    anjana
    The document discusses the history of crafts and industries in India. It provides details about various textile industries like weaving, dyeing and production of printed and colored fabrics. It mentions important centers and communities involved in textile production. It also talks about the decline of the handloom industry in the 19th century due to competition from British machine-made textiles and the impact on weavers who lost their livelihoods. The document provides information on other industries like metallurgy and describes important inventions and their effects.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    HISTORY- CRAFTS & INDUSTRIES

    Q1. Fill in the blanks.


    i. The word chintz comes from the word chhint.
    ii. Tipu’s sword was made of Wootz steel.
    iii. India’s textile exports declined in the nineteenth century.
    iv. Bandanna patterns were mostly produced in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
    v. For coloured textiles, the thread was dyed by the dyer, known
    as rangrez.
    vi. Wootz steel making process was widely known in south India.
    vii. In 1764, the spinning jenny was invented by John Kaye.
    viii. The Tata Iron and Steel factory was set up on the banks of the
    river Subarnarekha.
    ix. The invention of the steam engine by Richard Arkwright in 1786
    revolution cotton textile weaving.
    x. The charkha and the takli were household spinning instruments.

    Q2. True/False
    i. Surat in Gujarat on the west coast of India was one of the most
    important ports of the Indian Ocean trade. True
    ii. Indian Wootz steel fascinated European scientists. True
    iii. In most communities weaving was a task done by women. False
    iv. From the 1850s, Britain came to be known as the “workshop of the
    world”. True
    v. The Dutch, the French and the English companies purchased cotton
    and silk textiles in India by importing copper. False
    vi. Khadi gradually became a symbol of nationalism. True
    vii. Iron smelting in India was extremely common till the end of the
    nineteenth century. True
    viii. The furnaces were most often built of clay and sun-dried bricks. True

    Q3. During which period patola weaving was famous?


    Ans. Patola weaving was famous in mid-nineteenth century.

    Q4. Why were bellows used?


    Ans. Bellows were used for pumping air that kept the charcoal burning.

    Q5. When and where was the first cotton mill set up in India?
    Ans. The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in Bombay in 1854

    Q6. What were piece goods?


    Ans. Piece goods were usually woven cloth pieces that were 20 yards long and 1 yard wide.

    Q7. What is Jamdani?


    Ans. Jamdani is a fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on the loom, typically in
    grey and white.

    Q8. Why were Indian textiles renowned in the world?


    Ans. Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite
    craftsmanship.

    Q9. What were the most important centres of jamdani weaving?


    Ans. The most important centres of jamdani weaving were Dacca in Bengal and Lucknow in
    the United Provinces.

    Q10. Name the place where chintz was produced during the mid- nineteenth century?
    Ans. Chintz was produced in Masulipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, in mid-nineteenth century.

    Q11. How did the European trading companies purchase cotton and silk textiles in India?
    Ans. European trading companies purchased cotton and silk textiles in India by importing
    silk.

    Q12. What did Mahatma Gandhi urge people during national movement?
    Ans. During the national movement, Mahatma Gandhi urged people to boycott imported
    textiles and use hand-spun and hand-woven cloth.

    Q13. What made Britain the foremost industrial nation in the nineteenth century?
    Ans. Mechanised production of cotton textiles made Britain the foremost industrial nation in
    the nineteenth century.

    Q14. How did Indian cotton factories prove to be helpful during the First World War?
    Ans. During the First World War when textile imports from Britain declined and Indian
    factories were called upon to produce cloth for military supplies.

    Q15. Name two towns emerged as important new centres of weaving in the late
    nineteenth century.
    Ans. Sholapur in western India and Madura in South India emerged as important new
    centres of weaving in the late nineteenth century.

    Q16. Why were printed Indian cotton textiles popular in England?


    Or
    Why there was craze for printed Indian cotton textiles in England and Europe?
    Ans. There was craze for printed Indian cotton textiles in England and Europe mainly for their
    exquisite floral designs, fine texture and relative cheapness.

    Q17. What was special about Tipu Sultan sword?


    Or
    Why was Tipu’s sword so special?
    Ans. Tipu’s sword was made from special type of high carbon steel called Wootz. Wootz steel
    when made into swords produced a very sharp edge with a flowing water pattern.

    Q18. Write a short note on Patola weave.


    Ans. Patola weave came into existence in mid-nineteenth century. Patola was woven in
    Surat, Ahmedabad and Patan. Highly valued in Indonesia, it became part of the local weaving
    tradition there.

    Q19. What kinds of cloth had a large market in Europe?


    Ans. Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite
    craftsmanship. Printed cotton cloths called chintz, cossaes (or khassa) and bandanna had a
    large market in Europe.

    Q20. What is smelting?


    Ans. Smelting is the process of obtaining a metal from rock (or soil) by heating it to a very
    high temperature, or of melting objects made from metal in order to use the metal to make
    something new.

    Q21. What came to be called ‘calico’?


    Ans. When the Portuguese first came to India in search of spices, they landed in Calicut on
    the Kerala coast in south-west India. The cotton textiles which they took back to Europe,
    along with the spices, came to be called “calico” (derived from Calicut).

    Q22. Why Britain came to be known as the workshop of the world?


    Ans. Mechanised production of cotton textiles made Britain the foremost industrial nation in
    the nineteenth century. And when its iron and steel industry started growing from the
    1850s, Britain came to be known as the “workshop of the world”.

    Q23. What is bandanna?


    Ans. The word bandanna now refers to any brightly coloured and printed scarf for the neck
    or head. Originally, the term derived from the word “bandhna” (Hindi for tying), and referred
    to a variety of brightly coloured cloth produced through a method of tying and dying.

    Q24. How were Indian textiles viewed in the world market?


    Or
    Mention the importance of Indian textiles in the world market.
    Ans. Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite
    craftsmanship. They were extensively traded in Southeast Asia and West and Central Asia.
    From the sixteenth century European trading companies began buying Indian textiles for
    sale in Europe.

    Q25. Who were weavers? Name some communities famous for weaving?
    Ans. Weavers often belonged to communities that specialized in weaving. Their skills were
    passed on from one generation to the next. The tanti weavers of Bengal, the julahas or
    momin weavers of north India, sale and kaikollar and devangs of south India are some of
    the communities famous for weaving.

    Q26. Who are the Agaria? Why did they leave their village?
    Ans. The Agaria were an Indian community of iron smelters. In the late nineteenth century a
    series of famines devastated the dry tracts of India. In Central India, many of the Agaria iron
    smelters stopped work, deserted their villages and migrated, looking for some other work to
    survive the hard times. A large number of them never worked their furnaces again.

    Q27. What was Calico Act?


    Ans. By the early eighteenth century, worried by the popularity of Indian textiles, wool and
    silk makers in England began protesting against the import of Indian cotton textiles. In 1720,
    the British government enacted a legislation banning the use of printed cotton textiles –
    chintz – in England. Interestingly, this Act was known as the Calico Act.

    Q28. What happened to the weavers and spinners who lost their livelihood?
    Ans. Many weavers became agricultural labourers. Some migrated to cities in search of
    work, and yet others went out of the country to work in plantations in Africa and South
    America. Some of these handloom weavers also found work in the new cotton mills that
    were established in Bombay (now Mumbai), Ahmedabad, Sholapur, Nagpur and Kanpur.

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