The interface of a scratch programm has 4 main colums, sides.

In the far
left side there are the different themes and teams of commands. Then
next to them there are all the command blocks that you can use in your
programm. The main colume is the emty space which you fill up with
your programm and commands. There you connect youe command
blocks, you make the main plan and get your program ready. In the far
right side is the canvas where you see your work, the result of your
program. Right under the canvas are some controls. For example, the
change of size or direction. Lastly, up left you can save or load your file
and edit it.

Source: https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/editor/?tutorial=getStarted

Sprites and costumes are one of the most important things in scratch.
Sprites are used in the simulation of your program in the scratch canvas
to show the motion and make the program more realistic. You can
choose your sprites from the scratch library with the already made
characters and sprites. You can also select a sprite from the internet
and put it in your program or even drew one yourself. In the costumes
platform you can change your sprite, draw something that you want on
it and change the costumes of your character so it is more realistic and
fun.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVbxxKMPl5A

Backdrops are images which are used as a background in the canvas.

They are in the scratch library of backdrops. You can also pick a
backdrop from the internet, paint one or anything else. There are also 4
commands for them. The first one is the “switch backdrop to …”, the
second “switch backdrop to … and wait”, the third one is “next
backdrop” and lastly the “backdrop …”. You use them to make your
program more fun and realistic. Lastly it has an event also that can
switch to the backdrop that you want every time you start your
program.

Source: https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Backdrop
Events are one of the ten categories of command blocks in scratch.
They are used to start a program. Without them a program would not
be able to start. The scratch command blocks for the events are light
yellow. The yellow codes in Scratch stand in for many events, such as
when flag clicked, when this sprite clicked, when backdrop switches to
and more. The event blocks also have one small other category that’s
called “broadcast” and it is one of the most important ones in the
whole scratch commands. Scratch Events start your specific program
and are the base to it.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ijOJsJoiME ( 0:58 – 1:54)

Output in scratch gives your program life and makes it more interesting
for the user to see through and not get bored. The most important
outputs in scratch are the Say block, which make the characters of your
program to speak and make the plot more interesting, and the ask ….
And wait one due to how the user can interact into your program or
game.

Source: https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Say_()_(block)

Motion in scratch is for me the most important thing in scratch because

it gives life and joy to your program. The sprite's motion is controlled by
the motion block. It essentially contains all movement-related
instructions, such as how to move a sprite to a different location, turn a
sprite, rotate a sprite, etc.

To help you understand better, I'm going to list several motion block-
related instructions.

Move … steps: The sprite will move after the chosen number of steps.

Turn … degrees: Turns the sprite to the left or right by a certain amount.

Go to ... : Gives the sprite the ability to move to a certain x and y point.

Glide … to … : Within the set time frame, glide will move the sprite
gently to the desired place.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wgMKMxZqk0
Information is stored in variables so that they can be used by programs.
Only numeric values can be stored in variables in Scratch, which can be
dropped into any oval-shaped program block space. Depending on
whether you want to allow the user to view and alter the value, create
a variable on the variables page and check the appropriate box.
Numerous programming blocks feature an oval slot where a number
can be supplied to specify the behavior of the command. Where
appropriate, each of these spaces can be changed out for a variable.

Source: https://en.scratch-wiki.info/wiki/Variable

Programmers use a command to repeatedly execute a set of

instructions; this is known as a "loop" and is possible in all programming
languages. In Scratch, there are three repeat blocks that you may use to
build loops based on how you want the loop to function. These
repetition blocks can be found in the Blocks menu's Control category.
While your program is running, you might want a recurring series of
activities to continue executing. Scratch gives you the everlasting block
to achieve this, it enables you to continuously execute a set of
commands. Some loops have a required minimum number of
repetitions. In Scratch, you would need to use the repeat (number)
block to construct a loop like this. This enables you to specify the
number of times you want to repeat a series of commands.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8QFIew8aTA

Sensing and a stack block are combined in the ask() and wait block. It
consists of a single block that first poses the query to the user before
waiting for their response. Or, to put it another way, the ask() block
causes any sprite (scene actor) to display questions in the ask() and wait
block. The question can be changed by the programmer to whatever
they want to ask the user. A bottom-of-the-screen input field
simultaneously displays, allowing the user to enter information or
respond to a question. This information is then stored in the answer
block. The recent input is always updated in the answer block. The
purpose of the wait block is to await human input. If the sprite is asking
the question, it will appear in the bubble. If the stage or hidden sprite is
asking the question, it will appear above the input block. The wait block
and ask() functions are located in the sensing block.

Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ask-wait-and-answer-block-in-
scratch-programming/
To allow one section of the code or project to connect with another
section, broadcast messages are employed. This implies that broadcasts
can be used to coordinate actions among various sprites.