Module in Arts 10 (3rd Quarter)
Module in Arts 10 (3rd Quarter)
Module in Arts 10 (3rd Quarter)
Third Quarter
Arts
GRADE 10
Prepared by:
Rialyn R. Olaybar
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Course Description:
The learner identifies the art elements in the various media-based arts in the Philippines.
Content Standard:
• Art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills.
• New technologies that allow new expressions in the arts.
Performance Standard:
• Create artworks using available media and natural resources on local topics, issues and concerns such
as environmental advocacies ecotourism and economic and livelihood projects.
Bible Integration:
Exodus 3:1-11
“Then the Lord said to Moses, “See, I have chosen Bezalel son of Uri, son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, and I
have filled him with the holy Spirit of God, with wisdom, with understanding, with knowledge and with all
kinds of skills—to make artistic designs for work in gold, silver, and bronze, to cut and set stones, to work in
carving wood, and to engage in all kinds of crafts. Moreover, I have appointed Oholiab son of Ahisamak, of
the tribe of Dan, to help him. Also I have given ability to all the skilled workers to make everything I have
commanded you: the tent of meeting, the ark of the covenant law with the atonement cover on it, and all the
other furnishings of the tent—the table and its articles, the pure gold lampstand and all its accessories, the
altar of incense, the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, the basin with its stand —and also the woven
garments, both the sacred garments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons when they serve as
priests, and the anointing oil and fragrant incense for the Holy Place. They are to make them just as I
commanded you.’
Fig. 1. Technology-based art in different art mediums: Photography, Digital Drawing, Video Game, Film.
Photos from pixabay.com
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History of Print Media
In the Philippines, some of the natives residing in the archipelago have their basic writings written either in bamboo or
inscribed in copper plate. Some of them survived by being sturdy like the Laguna Copper Plate Inscription known to be
the earliest written document in the country or have been passed on through word of mouth and tradition. The
Baybayin is the ancient script used primarily by the Tagalog people, and it is one of many suyat scripts in the country.
Suyat is the modern collective term for indigenous scripts of ethnolinguistic groups
in the country. The arrival of the Spaniards was what started the Press through the
publication of newspapers. They studied the language of the natives and introduced
their spoken language as well as written language to ease communication. The first
Philippine newspaper is said to be the Del Superior Govierno which was established
in 1811 by the Spanish Governor-General residing in the Philippines. It was intended
for the Spaniards to relay news from Spain.
The best-edited newspaper is said to be Diario de Manila which was suppressed by the Governor-General after 38 years
of publication because of allegations pertaining to rebellion incited among Filipinos against the Spaniards. On the other
hand, the first local publication which started in 1893 was El Ilocano, and the first publication by women was El Hogar
published in 1893.
The mouthpiece of revolution in the Philippines and a tool for the Propaganda Movement
is the famous La Solidaridad published in Spain in 1889. It first appeared with a policy “to
work peacefully for social and economic reforms, to expose the real plight of the
Philippines, and to champion liberalism and democracy.” Other newspapers that
advocated for political reforms were Kalayaan known as the official organ of the
revolutionaries and La Independencia which was most widely read newspaper of the
revolution both published in 1989.
During the American regime, new newspapers were published like The Manila Times (1898),
The Bounding Billow (1898), Official Gazette (1898), Manila Daily Bulletin (1900), and the Philippine Free Press (1908).
Some of them are still existing up to this day. Other nationalistic papers did not last long due to American suppression,
but the most popular among the masses during that time would be the Tagalog newspaper Sakdal, which tackled on
regressive taxes, abusive capitalists, and the government.
During the Japanese occupation, all publications were disbanded expect those that were allowed by the Japanese
Imperial Army under their regular censorship. These were Manila Tribune, Taliba, and La Vanguardia. However,
Filipinos during that time have their underground newspapers, mostly typewritten or mimeographed, to provide people
with counter information.
The post-war era to pre-martial law period (1945-1972) is called the Golden Age of Philippine Journalism because the
Philippine press began to be known as “the freest in Asia” by then. It functioned as a watchdog of the government where
they present national issues and is critical of government mistakes and abuses.
When Martial Law was declared on September 21, 1972, one of the greatly affected sectors was the media. The first
order issued by the late President Ferdinand E. Marcos was the “take over and control of all privately owned
newspapers, magazines, radio and television facilities, and all other media communications.” Due to this, a lot of editors
and journalists who criticized the government were arrested and incarcerated in military prison camps. Among all the
pre-martial law papers, only the Daily Express, Bulletin Today (now called Manila Bulletin), and Times Journal were
allowed to re-open. These newspapers were later to be known as “establishment press.”
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To counter the media oppression by the government, the alternative press emerged in the 1980s. These refer to a
handful of tabloid newspapers and some radio stations which defied government instructions on how to handle news
stories despite constant harassment and intimidations. In addition to this, people also opted for samizdat or Xerox
(photocopy) journalism. These were news clippings, mostly from foreign publications, censored for mass dissemination
by the regime, which provided an accurate reading of developments in the country. Many of these articles were written
by Filipinos working for foreign news services.
Despite the oppression in media, a lot of journalists, as well as institutions, stood against the injustice rampant during
that time. Nationalism was strongly manifested among the youth through campus publications, which have taken an
activist stand on national issues like the Philippine Collegian of UP-Diliman, Ang Malaya of the Philippine College of
Commerce (now Polytechnic University of the Philippines), Pandayan of Ateneo de Manila University, Ang Hasik of the
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, and Balawis of Mapua Institute of Technology. Also, among the outstanding heroes
during the struggle against the Marcos regime was Joaquin “Chino” Roces, publisher of the pre-martial law The Manila
Times and regarded as the Grand Old Man of Philippine Journalism.
Nowadays, a lot of newspapers and tabloids are published, not just in Metro Manila but also in the provinces. Among
the newspapers with biggest claimed daily circulation are Manila Bulletin, Philippine Daily Inquirer and Philippine Star
. However, the emergence of a chain of provincial newspapers nationwide like Sun Star owned by a single corporation
starts to be at par with dailies that are Metro-Manila based in terms of editorial quality.
One of the characteristics of print media is being commercial in nature and in terms of the existence of the press,
advertising is considered its lifeblood.
Advertising was ushered in the Philippines during the 20th century. The early 20s saw the rise of one-man advertising
organization composing Clifford Butler, Frank Minton, Hal Stone, Mason Ancker, Frank J. Herrier, and Manuel
Buenaventura, the first Filipino to handle accounts. Frank Herrier is said to be the Napoleon of many big and successful
advertising campaign in the country.
Advertising then was more accessible to big corporations who have the power and money to hire advertisers to write,
copy, and prepare layouts for market their products one of which is the San Miguel Brewery. During this time, advertising
services are mostly handled by newspapers, but in the 1930s, agency development surged that resulted in the formation
of agencies that offer a variety of services like accounting and art department. The first of this agency is Advertising
Bureau established in 1929 headed by Florentino Gariz.
Advertising during the 1930s is said to be wild and wooly according to Antonio Lagos, a former advertising manager of
a large shoe company. People would just do advertising immediately and agencies work together on a client’s campaign.
However, the Japanese occupation halted and disbanded agencies causing a media shut down. Newspapers that were
allowed to be circulated during this time carried very little display of advertising.
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Despite the problems left by World War II, advertising in the country slowly managed to recover. Post-war problems
that were addressed are the recuperation of media, re-establishing of the buying habits of the Filipinos, and the
availability of brand names. The first strictly Filipino agency in the post-war period was the Philippine Promotion Bureau,
Inc. (PhilProm) organized in 1945. Ever since then, a lot of agencies
sprung up in the country and continue to promote products as well
as provide jobs to the Filipinos.
The most popular reading fare in the country is said to be the illustrated comics or locally known as komiks. However,
komiks was actually a product of advertising. The rise of businesses and the need to market products heightened the
need for advertising and illustrations with speech balloons became an eye-catching factor to the consumers.
The first comic strip by a Filipino is said to be Jose Rizal’s The Monkey and the Tortoise published in Trubner’s Record
in London in 1889. It was part of a piece on Asian folktales.
However, Antonio S. Velasquez who started in cartoon advertising is regarded as the Father of Philippine Komiks. He
made a lot of cartoon characters to promote products of companies like Tiki-Tiki’s Tikboy who promotes a medicine for
kids, Aling Adina Comadrona of United Drug, and a lot more. However, he is known for his komiks of Kenkoy published
in 1928. His comic strips of Kenkoy were published in Liwayway, and this character popularized the concept of carabao
English and the stereotyping of Filipinos trying to imitate Americans. Also, another prominent name in cartooning is
Larry Alcala. His komiks about Mang Ambo,
Asiong Aksaya, Kalabog en Bosyo, and Slice of Life are loved by many Filipinos.
After World War II, Filipino publishers saw the potential of comic books. In 1946, the first komiks magasin, Halakhak
was published. Halakhak only lasted a few issues, but it gave rise to a number of comics anthologies such as Tagalog
Klasiks, Espesyal Komiks, Pilipino Komiks, and Hiwaga Komiks.
Throughout the 1950s to 1980s, komiks became the literature of the masses who are rampantly sold in sidewalks and
sari-sari stores. This also influenced the Philippine popular culture for years to come. Francisco Coching is said to be the
one to create the “Filipino style” of komik art. His dynamic figure drawings and attention to detail served as art books
for aspiring Filipino artists who cannot afford to go to art schools. Also, Coching’s 1973 illustration of Lapu-Lapu was
used in a postage stamp in 2004 and also printed as a t-shirt design.
Another important figure in the history of komiks is Mars Ravelo who created the iconic character Darna in Pilipino
Komiks published on May 27, 1950. The character became an icon that represents Philippine superheroes still known
today. Aside from Darna and other superheroes like Captain Barbel and Lastikman. Ravelo also created Maruja and
Dyesabel—komiks that dwell on fantasy romance, social drama, and even humor.
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Some Filipino artists became known for their illustrations
internationally like Tony Dezuniga who met with DC Comics editor Joe
Orlando. This led to the recognition of Filipino artists in the United
States Comics scene. Numerous Filipino artists would work for
American fantasy and horror titles published by DC, Marvel, and
Warren. Though international exposure of Filipino artists did not
significantly affect the komiks in the Philippines, the success of Whilce
Potacio in the 1990s started a new trend.
Arnold Arre’s Mythology Class ushered the graphic novel in the Philippine komiks with its 4-issue run. It served as an
example on how graphic novels became a template for self-published komiks to be published in separate issues that
would be collected and published by mainstream book publishers such as Adarna Books. Komiks like Zsa Zsa Zaturnnah
(written in Filipino and English) by Carlo Vergara and Trese by Budjette Tan and
Kajo Baldisimo undergone this process. In 2011, a graphic novel of Gerry Alanguilan’s Elmer
won the Best Asian Album in France and nominated for the American Eisner Award for Best
Graphic Album. This komik has been published internationally.
In the year 2000, the Pinoy Manga trend entered the scene through the publication of Culture Crash, an anthology full
in color and contains komiks influenced by Japanese manga and anime aesthetics. The komiks included were mostly in
Filipino, but there are articles about Japanese films and music written in English. The popularity of Culture Crash led to
the country's first comic’s convention C3 Con in 2002.
The opportunities created by desktop publishing, social media, and komik conventions such as Komikon became the
new face of komiks. Local works are also being recognized abroad like Trese created by writer Budjette Tan and artist
Kajo Baldisimo that is set to be adapted in 2020 as an animated series produced by Netflix.
Larry Alcala
National Artist Lauro Zarate Alcala, or popularly known as Larry Alcala, is a well-known Filipino
editorial cartoonist and illustrator. He also became a professor at the University of the
Philippines where he graduated with a degree of Bachelor of Fine Arts in Painting.
Alcala started his career in cartooning in 1946. After World War II, he created his first comic strip, Islaw Palitaw, which
was published in Filipino weekly magazine Liwayway. He also created the comic strip Kalabog en Bosyo where Taglish
was used as a mode of communication between his characters. He is also known to pioneer animation in the country,
and his campaign to advance illustration and commercial art in the Philippines resulted in the establishment of the Visual
Communication Department at the UP College of Fine Arts.
Alcala was granted the title of Dean of Filipino Cartoonists by the Philippine Board on Books for Young People (PBBY) in
1997 as a recognition for his lifetime dedication to the art of capturing humor in the character and everyday life of the
Filipinos. Overall, he made over 500 cartoon characters, twenty comic strips, six movies, two murals, and 15,000
published pages in his 56 years of professional cartooning career. He died at the age of 75 on June 24, 2002, but his
contributions as a cartoonist and illustrator will continue to be passed on to feature komik artists.
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Lesson 5: Philippine Digital Media
Digital Media is defined as any media encoded in machine-readable formats. A digitized content that can be
transmitted on computer networks or over the internet includes text, audio, video, and graphics.
With the advent of handheld devices and easy access to the internet, digital content has now the ability to not just
reflect but also deeply influence perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes of people.
Determining the history of digital media in the Philippines entails looking in the interaction of Filipinos on the internet.
Majority of the Filipinos belong to the consumer type who gain access to the internet to use it rather than developing
the technology itself. However, there are some Filipinos who still exhibited talents and were able to gain recognition
not just locally but also internationally like Cheryl Fuerte, also known as Pinay-Internaut Inday. She is a Filipino web
designer who is said to pioneer blogging even before the term became popular in the Philippines.
Cheryl Fuerte started making websites while studying computer science at the De La Salle University College of Computer
Studies in Manila in 1996. Her first personal website, Indayworks.com, and a fan-based website meant for her favorite
singer Donna Cruz became her testing grounds for her university
assignments. These websites appealed to internet users and soon
enough started getting visits. The popularity of her fan based website
became the official website of the singer-actress, for which it received
three Philippine Web Awards where it was able to defeat the Philippine
TV broadcasting channel giant ABS-CBN under the entertainment
category twice. Also, her personal website became one of the
mostawarded personal websites in Philippine Internet history during her
time.
Cheryl is an original co-founding member of PhilWeavers from 1999 to 2003. This is the biggest and oldest web design
organization in the Philippines who were also founded by other Filipino artists such as Gerry Alanguilan, Cynthia
BauzonArre, Jose Illenberger, and Drew Europeo.
Nowadays, there are many companies in the country that offer web designing as well as managing services. Though it is
easy to overlook talent and creativity of designers, a website called Designpinoy generated the following criteria to see
how a website is beautifully designed.
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However, there are also characteristics that can lessen the appeal of a website to users if:
● it has too many ads/spammy looking;
● exhibits heavy usage of flash /animation;
● it is difficult to navigate;
● it has too much of unrelated content; and ● it has no emotions /too corporate looking.
Gaming Design in the Philippines
Video gaming is a rising industry in the country with about 4,000 professionals representing about 60 companies
involved in the game development industry as of 2013, according to the Game Developers Association of the Philippines
(GDAP). The Game Developers Association of the Philippines (GDAP) is a trade association in the Philippines,
established in 2007 to represent and promote the country's game
development industry. In terms of the demographics, it was projected by
NIKO Media Research that the number of PC Gamers will rise from 21
million in 2012 to 28.72 million in 2014.
Though video gaming is now a common sight among youngsters and adults
alike, game designing in the Philippines is still a budding industry that is yet
to achieve its highest potential. In September 2003, a free and open-source
Solitaire card game named Drac was released by Rico Zuñiga, which makes
it the first Filipino-developed computer game and game development framework.
Drac was also used to create another card game called Tong-its, based on the rules of the popular Filipino game with
the same name. It was released on November 2003. However, the first Filipino-developed commercial computer game
was Anito: Defend a Land Enraged made by Anino Entertainment which was released on November 2003. It featured
Philippine culture through its Philippine mythology theme.
In 2012, a lot of Philippine-made mobile games gained recognition locally and internationally.
These include Street Food Tycoon, Sipa: Street Kick, and Juan Tamad. The Street Food Tycoon was developed by Erick
Garayblas of Kuyi Mobile where the gameplay features serving customers Filipino street food within a certain allotted
time. It was downloaded over 4 million times, became the top game in various countries, and was chosen as the Best
Mobile Game of 2012 in the Philippine Game Development Festival.
The Sipa: Street Kick, on the other hand, was developed by Team O.P.S. Inc. where the game resembles the Filipino game
sipa where the player has to maintain hitting a shuttlecock in midair as long as possible. Its popularity was featured on
several local news in the country and was downloaded 50,000 times on mobile phones.
In 2014, another Filipino game gained recognition internationally. Pretentious Game, created by Filipino game
developer Bari Silvestre of BulkyPix, was downloaded over 100,000 times on Google Play and was awarded the Director’s
Choice Award at Casual Connect San Francisco 2013. Its puzzle-like gameplay and unique story theme of a blue square
that is passionately in love with a pink square appealed to many gamers around the world.
In 2016, Ubisoft announced plans to establish a subsidiary in the country, which opened on March 28, 2016 in Santa
Rosa, Laguna. Ubisoft is a French video game development company that partnered with De La Salle University to train
and hire promising gamer developers in the country. Though developing video games in the Philippines is still a small
sector in the country, initiatives like game development courses in certain schools such as De La Salle-College of Saint
Benilde and the University of The Visayas New School (UVNS) are bringing the education needed for future Filipino
game developers.
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To celebrate the development of the gaming industry in the country, the Philippine Game Development Festival (PGDF)
, which is hosted by GDAP and is considered the largest event for the Philippine game development industry, edifies
people regarding various aspects of game development with the vision of improving the local industry. Also, efforts to
increase the potential of the online gaming industry to bring honor to the country is being recognized after the return
qualification of two Filipino teams for the world DOTA 2 tournament in 2017 caught the attention of some politicians
like Senator Bam Aquino. Hopefully, this kind of initiatives will continue to enrich the game developing in the country.
Philippine culture is very rich and diverse due to the nature of it being an archipelagic country. In different parts of the
country, one can experience a different aspect of beauty, whether it is in nature or the uniqueness of the community’s
culture. This aspect has become a major selling point to showcase the beauty of the country. With a dose of history,
Filipinos were able to come up with designs and gimmicks that are continuously molding the aesthetics in the country.
Digital Media as Springboard for Tourism
Tourism is a huge economic factor to any country, and when it comes to tourism, slogans became an effective form of
digital media to feature and entice people to travel to different parts of the globe. Some countries have no need for a
special slogan to attract tourism like France, Great Britain, and the USA because their country name itself is their tourist
brand. However, the majority of other countries do not enjoy this certainty. Thus, countries compete to separate
themselves from the rest and to seem special. The concept of a slogan is to feature what is memorable to a country and
influence travelers’ choice for their next vacation destination.
In the Philippines, five slogans have already marked the history of promoting tourism in the country namely:
● Fiesta Islands Philippines; ● WOW Philippines launched in 2002;
● Pilipinas Kay Ganda in 2010;
● “It's More Fun in the Philippines!” in 2012; and ● Experience the Philippines
in 2017.
Their concept of the slogan is inspired by the banig, a handwoven mat of the Filipinos used for sleeping or sitting. The
logo is also a picture-puzzle of digital pixels that symbolizes history, traditions, and aspirations of the Filipinos. It also
signifies fiestas or festivals with its brightness and colorfulness. The font used in this slogan is Harabara by Andre
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Harabara. This is a Filipino-made font that combines straight lines and rounded corners that reflects the Filipino
character in their beliefs, culture, and traditions like being friendly and welcoming.
One of the biggest factors that made this campaign influential is their use of social media with thousands of pictures,
sceneries, and happenings accompanying the slogan. A lot of people contributed to the campaign with their own
experiences combined with the phrases “…more fun in the Philippines!” and blew the internet. Some of these are highly
appealing and witty but some people were able to connote this with humor and current issues through memes.
This campaign brought forth positive responses and results to the country. Despite calamities experienced in the country
in 2013, significant increase in tourism was recorded with South Korea as Philippines’ biggest source of tourists. The
success of the campaign was formally recognized as it received the prestigious Tambuli Award for integrated marketing
communication efforts. The campaign launch is said to have spent zero on above-the-line advertising, and so far the
most famous international and domestic tourism campaign in Philippine history.
The Philippines is a country heavily influenced by foreign cultures that had colonized the country. A lot of people are
aware that, most of the time, Filipinos prefer foreign goods over local products because they perceive it as hip and
trendy. However, with cool designs and innovations, local companies changed the trend towards presenting Philippine
culture as cool and fashionable.
One of these companies is the Team Manila that started as a shirt brand. This company aims to educate and cultivate
public appreciation through its work while making a lasting mark on visual culture and reinforcing lifestyle of graphic
design in the Philippines and abroad.
Team Manila was established in 2001 by Jowee Alviar and Raymond Punzalan, both college students of the University
of Santo Tomas, who took inspiration from iconic Philippine objects like the jeepneys, sari-sari stores, billboards, and
even old churches. Their small venture of applying their designs inspired from Philippine everyday objects became a
successful business that expanded to what it is now.
A local retail industry, Team Manila is regarded to bear designs with quirky visuals mixed with Pinoy pop culture. While
other retail brands have been spreading the same message before, their multidisciplinary arm which is Team Manila
Lifestyle was able to inject fashionalism through their nationalistic, and yet great graphics.
Aside from producing merchandise, Team Manila has also been actively doing graphic design projects for big corporate
clients, creating commercials, designing collaterals, and developing visuals. They also organize their annual event
called Manila Design Week, and participate in various design related talks to enrich the talents of graphic designers in
the country and to provide an avenue for collaborations as well as recognition in this craft.
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Same Day-Edits are not an easy fit since most videographers and creatives understand that there are a few key strategies
that go into same day-edits:
● know the Story by preparing beforehand the music track/s and storyboard to quicken and smoothen the
process;
● Shoot to edit means don’t shoot lots but cover only what is needed plus a little more for safety; and
● Shoot with the look one wants to save time for color grading or rendering.
When it comes to Same Day-Edits (SDE), the Filipino artist who made a mark, as well as the aesthetics of this craft, is Jason
Magbanua. Labeled as the Father of Same Day-Edit Videos in the Philippines, Magbanua has turned the venture into a
rising industry as people gained interest to SDEs for wedding must-haves.
Video Making in weddings used to be very lackluster, but in 2001, Magbanua was prompted to make an SDE for his
client’s wedding. He gained positive reviews from making one. However, his big break was when he was hired by actress
Claudine
Barretto to shoot her wedding with her former husband Raymart Santiago in 2006. This garnered various recognition to
the masses that a lot of people became interested for SDEs in their weddings.
Magbanua’s fast cuts and saturated color became his trademark ever since, and his works were admired locally and
internationally. His works prompted other artists who venture in videography to follow his style in documenting weddings
in a creative as well as in a dramatic way.
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