rogrammable logic controlle (PLC) Is an dudustal wuade computer that is ¢ L > ‘The programmable controller has climinate: hardwiring associated with conventional relay control in prov cd 0 d much of the circuits. UX The programmable logic controller is designed for multiple input and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. : Fr Introduction Re programmable logic controller is, then, basically a digital computer designed for use in machine control. > Unlike a perso’ al computer, it has been designed to and is equipped with special inpu/output interfaces and a control programming > Relays have to be hardwired to perform a specific function, When the system requirements change, the relay_wi has to be changed or modified.Detachable programming device Processor Inputs Interface Output module Outputs A programming device is used to enter the desired program into the memory of the processor. The program can be entered using relay ladder logic, which is one of the most popular programming languages. Instead of words, ladder logic programming language uses_graphic. symbols that show their inten icome. gi 7 7 wi ‘Components a a PLC = » We can actually consider the PLC to be a box full of hundreds or thousands of separate relays, counters, timers and data storage locations. > Do these counters, timers, etc. really exist? So they don't "physically" exist but rather they are simulated_and can be considered software counters, timers, ctc. > These internal relays are simulated through bit locations.in registers.vantages of PL There are significant advantages in using a PLC rather than conventions hardwired relays, timers, counters, and other hardware elements. These advantages include: (1) Programming the PLC is easier than wiring the relay control panel; (2) The PLC can be reprogrammed whereas conventional controls must be rewired and are often scrapped instead (3) PLCs take less floor space than do relay control panels; (4) Rel (5) The PLC can be connected to computer systems more easily than relays (OPLCs cam perform a greater variety of control functions than can relay y of the PLC is greater and maintenance is easier; controls ee PLC Scan Cycle A PLC works by continually scanning a program. We can think of this scan cycle as consisting of 3 Giccenmarstatus | | jmportantsteps. sa — Step 1-CHECK INPUT STATUS-First the PLC takes [Fexcoure proce | | 4 look at each input to determine if it is on or off. In other words, is the sensor connected to the first input ‘TEOUTPUTSTATUS) | Gn? How about the second input? How about the thir It records this data into its memory to be used during the next step. aN, UTE PROGRAM-Next the PLC executes your program one atime. Maybe your program said that if the first input was on then it should turn on the first output. Since it already knows which inputs are on/off from. the previous step it will be able to decide whether the first output should be turned ‘on based on the state of the first input. It will store the execution results for use later during the next step. Step 3-UPDATE OUTPUT STATUS-Finally the PLC updates the status of the outputs. It updates the outputs based on which rigecand on during the first step and the results of executing your program during the sécond step.Pape ony "Ble! 0000 0500 7 | END WA ‘ swt ‘ Wor the PLE to be a box full of hundreds or ON a SU NSEREO HRA oe No ‘wa “s ON RNA oa. eh eat? SS WONEWIN ove due Nee \7 “Logie Gates and Ladder Diagrams Switch A 0 oswiteh B ee , Lamp on=1 elm Pp Lamp off =.0 lleBoolean expression] = A- A-B\ >» Two-input AND gate Jruth jable vSwitch B | Lamp on = Vie } Lomp off = 0 Boolean expression: Y = A+B A > Two-input OR gate Truth tableLo > The output of a NOT gate is the inverse ofthe input. d an inverter. ———— > The NOT gate is sometimes calle 1ka 0 h v uw Switch (SW) Electric circuit emulating the function of a NOT gate.Boolean expression}Y = A’ | NOT gate symbol Boolean expression, gate yf symbol, and truth table for NOT logic gate. Truth table 8 ay essere <0 ° ioe ine 0:0 1 end1ka > 1 0 Switch A / 0 Switch 8 V Lamp on = 1 Lamp off =0 {IZ +1 Te ND (NOT AND) Gate Uituth tableBa: Lamp on =1 Lamp off =0Boolean expressio1 A y=A3B 2) >o% - vena “ Ath Juth table NOR gate NOR (NOT OR) Gate NOR Logie Gate ai As ‘Pushbutton #1 Pushbutton #2 1:0 1:0 | ©Switch A Switch B To xt Lamp on = 1 Lamp off = 0 & ye < Boolean expression: Y XOR gateNisa equation: AB + AB= Y A@B=Y‘Switch B Switch A Lamp on =1 tke Lamp off = 0 |_— 5V + Boolean expression: Y Pe _7hior gate| Gretn PLC Ladder Logie) | Diagrams from Logic Gate Circuits aa PBR B Ve 8 4 8 5 FRAO AA +e =((+8) (maa) eteiC Ladder Logi iagrams from Logic Gate Circuits ProtlepaR@) AD Pac®) | — ai sw© ® PLIRDiagrams from Logic Gate Circuits - Problem 3A ah rol —zxr Lf y e0 G9 poe | Creating PLC Landen lone ~~ Diagrams from Boolean Expressions Create the PLC ladder logic diagram for the following Boolean expressions, JAC Y=A'+B+CD + EB = (AB)' +AC + BC Y=(A+B)-(C+D) hafaa COMMUTATIVE LAW ASSOCIATIVE LAW A+B=B+A ie Cd Bet A-B=B-A pe j 4 DISTRIBUTIVE LAW A+ (B+ C)=(A-B)+(A-C) A+(B-C)=(A+B)-(A+C) ie Boolean Equatio1 ven Logic Gate Circuit — Axe 7 d e we) y Output D Inputs - are y fT 3t tt) Heje gate Write the Boolean expression and draw th logic diagram and typical PLC ladder logic di for a control system Wherein a fan is to run only when all of the following conditions are met: * Input A is OFF + Input B is ON (@PYnput Cis ON. @both B and C are ON + Inputs D@JE are both ON * One @more of inputs F.G. or H are ONIt is required to have a pilot light come on when all of the following circuit requirements are met: + All four circuit pressure switches must be —_ closed. + At least two out of three circuit limit switches — must be closed. + The reset switch must not be closed. Tet —. : * Using AND, OR. and NOT gates. design a logic circuit that will solve this hypothetical problem. te Py be te text peek Ereacs IG eho at-3e b> E3e dD I