BORAQS PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATIONS YEAR 2020

THE DESIGN TEAM.

Presented by: Qs. Rose Kotut Lemasika.

RQS, M.A.Const.MGT

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DESIGN TEAM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.

OBJECTIVES OF PRESENTATION;

 Identify key professionals in the design team.

 Understand the role of the different professionals.
 Professionalism in the design process
INTRODUCTION:

Design.

 Design is the realization of a concept, idea or theory into

a drawing, plan, specification, model, and so on that ultimately allows a series
objectives to be achieved or resolved.
 Construction design is the process of creating a solution to a project brief and then
preparing instructions allowing that solution to be constructed.
 The design process must rationalize different and sometimes contradictory
requirements of aesthetics, the brief, budget, structure, regulations, climate,
weather, security, privacy and so on, to create a unified whole. This can be overlaid
by the adoption of design principles such as; balance, unity, movement, emphasis,
contrast, space, alignment, and etc of the design team.

The Design Process

 Creative design is a back & forth process guided by a series of steps that a team of
consultants use to guide them as they provide design solutions to solve
client/employer problems or meet specific needs.
Design team.

Building Design is typically a multi-disciplinary process, involving a number of

different designers, such as architects,, Quantity surveyors and engineers, working
together to create a single, holistic solution. It is the process of taking a client's
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requirements and translating them into an agreed design that a contractor is then able
to construct.

The composition of the team of consultants is dependent on the nature, scope, scale &
complexity of the project.

The end product of the design process = Construction Contract documents: -

Drawings, specifications, bills of quantities, bid documents, schematics, schedules,
reports……...

Consultant: - A person or firm engaged to render professional services. Engaged during

the pre-contract stage and services extend into the post contract stage.

Professional: - ‘Person formally certified by a professional body of belonging to a

specific profession by virtue of having completed a required course of studies and/or
practice. And whose competence can usually be measured against an established set of
standards.’ In every design there is need to involve the following professional; -

 Project Manager  Landscape Architect/ Designer

 Architect  Interior Designer

 Quantity Surveyor  Environmental Impact assessment

expert-EIA expert
 Structural and Civil engineer
 Land surveyor
 Electrical Engineer

 Mechanical Engineer

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Roles of various professional in design of construction project

i. Project Manager

A project manager is a person who has the overall responsibility for the successful
initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling and closure of a
construction project.

The project manager is the individual responsible for delivering the project. The
individual leads and manages the project team, with authority and responsibility from
the project board, to run the project on a day-to-day basis.

A project Manager can be an architect, Quantity surveyor or engineer and normally they
are appointed by the client.

Specific responsibilities of the project manager

The project manager, operating within agreed reporting structures, is responsible for:

 Managing the production of the required deliverables

 Planning and monitoring the project
 Adopting any delegation and use of project assurance roles within agreed reporting
structures
 Preparing and maintaining project, stage and exception plans as required
 Managing project risks, including the development of contingency plans
 Liaison with programme management (if the project is part of a programme) and
related projects to ensure that work is neither overlooked nor duplicated
 Monitoring overall progress and use of resources, initiating corrective action
where necessary
 Applying change control and configuration management processes

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  Reporting through agreed lines on project progress through highlight reports and
end-stage assessments
 Maintaining an awareness of potential interdependencies with other projects and
their impact
 Adopting and applying appropriate technical and quality strategies and standards
 Identifying and obtaining support and advice required for the management,
planning and control of the project
 Managing project administration
 Conducting a project evaluation review to assess how well the project was
managed
 Preparing any follow-on action recommendations
 The project manager also provides the interface between the project sponsor and
the supply side of the project team. Skills and attributes needed to be a project
manager

Skills/traits of a project Manager

A good project Manager should have the following traits: -

 Able to understand project management approach to the specific requirements of

the project
 Establish a good working relationship with the Senior Responsible Owner
 direct, manage and motivate the project team
 develop and maintain an agreed project plan and detailed stage plans
 understand and apply business case and risk management processes
 tailor expert knowledge to meet specific circumstances
 plan and manage deployment of physical and financial resources to meet project
milestones
 build and sustain effective communications with other roles involved in the project
 apply quality management principles and processes

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ii. Project Architect

Architects are in charge of design and project planning, and they are also responsible for
the visual appearance of buildings and structures.

Architects work hand-in-hand with other professionals to deliver qualified designs. They
have several responsibilities during all stages of a project, from the initial drafts and
meetings to the inauguration of a building. Architects are appointed by the client, and
they have the duty of gathering all the information and ideas necessary to create a
functional space that meets client needs while being code compliant. A good Architect
should have the following knowledge and skills:-

 Customer service and retention: It is important for architects to develop social

skills and manners, since they are usually the first construction professional that
works with a client. Since they work closely with clients during all project stages,
architects must have excellent oral and written communication skills.
 Design: Architects must design, plan, and develop concepts to create construction
plans and technical documents. These are based on client requirements and ideas.

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  Research: Architects must learn about the different building codes, safety
regulations, construction innovations and city laws that affect their designs. Since
these regulations are in constant evolution, they must stay up-to-date with new
laws and requirements.
 Technology knowledge: Architects must be trained in modeling software and
techniques, such as BIM. This will help them remain competitive in the
construction industry, which is becoming more technological.

Roles of an architect

 Advise the client, study their needs, prepare, direct and co-ordinate project design
 Carrying out feasibility studies and options appraisals.

 Will be involved with agreeing the design contract with the client
 Preparing the concept design detailed design and production of final drawing
 Advising on the need to appoint other professionals to the consultant
team, independent client advisers, specialist designers and specialist contractors
 Preparing applications for statutory approvals
 Issuing approved and site drawings
 Preparing schedules for finishes, openings, ironmongery, sanitary fittings, joinery
and furnishing
 Project management/Acting as contract administrator
 Advising on the procurement route and contributing to the assessment of tenders.
 Reviewing designs prepared by others.
 To ensure the site complies with current building regulations and the design
complies with current environmental legislation

 To communicate design changes clearly across the design team

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 iii. Quantity Surveyor.

A quantity surveyor (QS) is a construction industry professional with expert knowledge

on construction costs and contracts. A good quantity surveyor should have skills in;

Economic- associated with the assessment of value for money and cost effectiveness in
design.

Legal- A general knowledge of law and specialist knowledge and interpretation of the
law of contract

Technological- Knowledge in construction processes and the methods used in

construction of buildings and other structures

Managerial. - The ability to organize the work associated with the construction project
and administrative function

The duties of quantity surveyor are as follows:

 Preparation of feasibility studies

 Cost planning including investment appraisal, life cycle costing and value
engineering
 Estimating and advising on cost during tender process
 Advice on contract procurement and contractual arrangement
 Preparation of contract documents i.e bills of quantities and schedule of rates,
 Pricing of Bills of quantities

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  Financial Management
 Schedule of Materials
 Dilapidation reports and insurance loss assessment reports/ valuation for fire
insurance

iv. Structural and Civil engineer

a. Structural engineer

The role of the structural engineer is a key component in the construction process. Part of
the wider discipline of civil engineering, structural engineering is concerned with the
design and physical integrity of buildings and other large structures, like tunnels and
bridges.

Unlike architects, who must focus on the appearance, shape, size and use of the building,
structural engineers must solve technical problems - and help the architect achieve his or
her vision for the project.

Structural engineers must have a strong grasp of physics, three-dimensional conceptual

skills and creative problem solving. Outside of an ability to apply principles of
mechanics, mathematics and physics to construct safe, sustainable buildings,

Roles of structural engineers.

The roles and responsibilities of structural engineers include:

Design: Many structural engineers deal primarily in the design of structures - calculating
the loads and stresses the construction will have to safely withstand. Structural engineers
should be able to factor in the different qualities and strengths delivered by a range of

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building materials, and understand how to incorporate support beams, columns and
foundations.

Site Investigations
Before work can begin, structural engineers are involved in the investigation and survey
of build sites to determine the suitability of the earth for the requirements of the
upcoming project.
When dealing with the site investigation, the structural engineers are involved in
checking the condition of the soil for the construction of the project. Based on the loads
calculated by the designer, it must be checked whether the soil is suitable to bear the
calculated loads.

This investigation will also decide the foundation systems that must be used for the
structure. Any kind of treatment required for the soil too is decided based on the
investigation. This investigation is carried out by testing the soil which is the part of
geotechnical engineer.

Communication: Structural engineers will be required to co-ordinate and consult with

other members of their projects, including engineers, environmental scientists, architects
and landscape architects. They may also be required to assist government bodies in their
own inspections relating to the project.

Management: Structural engineers are often responsible for the organisation and
delivery of materials and equipment for the needs of the construction project

Civil engineer

Civil engineer performs engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing

construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads,
railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power

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plants, water and sewage systems, and waste disposal units. Includes architectural,
structural, traffic, ocean, and geo-technical engineers.

Roles of Civil Engineer"

 Analyze survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photography, and other
topographical or geologic data to plan projects.
 Plan and design transportation or hydraulic systems and structures, following
construction and government standards, using design software and drawing tools.
 Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, and material stress factors to
determine design specifications.
 Estimate quantities and cost of materials, equipment, or labor to determine project
feasibility.
 Prepare or present public reports, such as bid proposals, deeds, environmental impact
statements, and property and right-of-way descriptions.
 Test soils and materials to determine the adequacy and strength of foundations,
concrete, asphalt, or steel.
 Conduct studies of traffic patterns or environmental conditions to identify
engineering problems and assess the potential impact of projects.

v. Electrical Engineer

General Duties and Responsibilities of an Electrical Engineer in Construction

Industry. He/She has to see the basic design engineering of the project
 Basic & detail engineering for provision of earthling pits of electrical installation.
 Design for illumination of different area and lux calculation.
 Cable size calculation cable scheduling &its route selection, overhead or underground
 Proper protection system for all electrical installation.
 Design for fire alarm &detection system &so many more which I am not writing here
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  Estimates prepare and assign the resources such as manpower, materials,
consumables, equipment, tools, etc., required for all electrical and related works
prior to execution.
 Manages directly and provide engineering and technical support to all the electrical
work groups at site.
 To co-ordinate with Electrical Contractor for Electrification, Execution, Erection &
Commissioning.
 To provide the entire electrical solutions as per requirement.
 Handling of electrical load as per requirement.

vi. Mechanical engineer

The role and responsibilities of a mechanical engineer typically include:

 Mechanical engineers design the mechanical components of a building, the air and
plumbing systems within a building
 Air Conditioning – installing/planning the air conditioning systems of buildings
(sans the electronics part) is the job of mechanical engineers.
 Estimates prepare and assign resources such as manpower, materials, consumables,
equipment, tools, etc., required for all Mechanical and related works prior to
execution. Plans and analyses all possible construction methodologies and
recommends the best options to the MEP Manager for approval prior to execution at
site.

Vii. Landscape Architect/ Designer

Landscape architects (or landscape designers) plan, design and manage open spaces and
aim to provide aesthetically pleasing urban and rural environments. They can work on a

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variety of projects from designing parks and green space, to gardens and sports sites or
improving construction sites.

Viii. Interior Designer

Interior designers plan and design building interiors. This might include; offices, hotels,
restaurants, retail spaces, hospitality, healthcare, theatres and
exhibition design, domestic interiors, and so on. It may involve interiors for
new buildings, or the redevelopment of existing spaces.

It is sometimes perceived to be a matter of interior decoration, but in fact, it is a complex

subject that often involves working alongside other professionals such
as architects and engineers as part of a larger project, and requires detailed knowledge of:

 Design styles
 Spatial design.
 How people are affected by their environments.
 Construction and materials.
 Regulations and approvals.
 Procurement and project management.
 Technical matters such as acoustics and lighting, and
increasingly, technologies such as audio visual equipment .
 Sustainability.

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  The role of other consultants.

viii. Environmental Impact assessment expert-EIA expert

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a critical examination of the effects of a

project on the environment.

Roles of EIA EXPERT

 An EIA expert identifies both negative and positive impacts of any development
activity or project, how it affects people, their property and the environment.
 EIA expert also identifies measures to mitigate the negative impacts, while
maximizing on the positive ones so as to establish preventive process.
 EIA expert give advice on how to minimize adverse impacts on the environment
and reduces risks. This promotes the safety of the environment to be properly
managed at all stages of a project- planning, design, construction, operation,
monitoring and evaluation as well as decommissioning.
 Interpreting legal frameworks for the proposed projects.
 Ascertaining project compliance to environmental legislations and regulations.
 Generating baseline data for monitoring and evaluation of the project’s impact.
 Advising on best practices and contributing to the supervision of the projects by
providing oversight on the implementation of the environmental and social
mitigation and monitoring arrangements.
 Identifying anticipated environmental impacts for the proposed projects.
 Conducting public participation in order to sort public views of the proposed
projects.
 Identifying mitigation measures to the anticipated impacts associated with the
proposed project.
 Reviewing applicable environmental permits and permit conditions associated
with projects.
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  Developing environmental management plan to serve as follow up activity and
monitoring strategy for Proposed Projects to comply.
 Assisting in the delivery of project documentations scoping reports,
environmental statements and related technical studies in accordance with the
project timelines.

Viv. Land surveyor.

The surveyor is the person who is supposed to make precise measurement that will
identify the boundary. Surveyors help in providing unique contours on the surface of the
earth which will let the engineers to make maps and construction projects.

Duties of land Surveyor?

The following are the duties of a surveyor.

1. The surveyors have to measure the distance and the angles between specific points
on the earth surface.

2. Based on reference points, certain important features points are located by

traveling.

3. Detailed research is carried out on the records related to the land, survey, and the
titles of the land.

4. The boundary lines are to be located by searching for the past boundary present in
the site.

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 5. The surveying is conducted and the obtained results are recorded. Later they are
verified for accuracy and corrections.

6. Based on the surveyed records plots, maps, the respective reports of the surveyed
site is prepared.

7. The findings obtained from the surveying is presented to the clients and the
respective government agencies.

8. The official land needs and water boundaries are established. These are established
either for lease or deeds.

…………………………….. ENDS………………….

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